Intel 8XC196MC, 8XC196MD, 8XC196MH - page 190

8-3

FREQUENCY GENERATOR

8.2 PROGRAMMING THE FREQUENCY GENERATOR

This section explains how to configure the frequency generator and determine its status.

8.2.1 Configuring the Output

The frequency generator’s output is multiplexed with P7.7, so you must configure it as a special-

function output signal. To do so, follow this sequence:

1. Clear bit 7 of P7_DIR.

2. Set bit 7 of P7_MODE.

3. Clear bit 7 of P7_REG.

Refer to Chapter 6, “I/O Ports,” for additional information about configuring port pins.

8.2.2 Programm ing the Frequenc y

Program the frequency register (Figure 8-2) to control the frequency of the output.

FREQ_GEN

(8XC196MD)

Address:

Reset State: 1FB8H

00H

The frequency (FREQ_GEN) reg ister holds a programmed value tha t specifies the output frequen cy.

This value is reloaded into the down-counter each time the counte r reache s 0.

7 0

8XC196MD Output Frequen cy

Bit

Number Function

7:0 Output Frequency

Use the followin g formula to calcu late the FREQ value for the desi red output frequ ency

and write this value to the frequency register.

where:

FREQ = 8-bit value to load into FREQ_GEN register

FXTAL1 = input frequency on XTAL1 pin, in MHz

FREQ_OUT = output frequency on FREQOUT pin, in MHz

Figure 8-2. Frequency (FREQ_GEN) Register

FREQ FXTAL1

16 FREQ_OUT

×

---------------------------------------------

=1–

Contents

Main We Value Your Opinion Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page CHAPTER 1 GUIDE TO THIS MANUAL Page Page Page Page 1-6 Table 1-1. Handbooks and Product Information Table 1-2. Application Notes, Application Briefs, and Article Reprints 1-7 GUIDE TO THIS MANUAL Table 1-3. MCS 96 Microcontroller Datasheets (Commercial/Express) Table 1-4. MCS 96 Microcontroller Datasheets (Automotive) Table 1-2. Application Notes, Application Briefs, and Article Reprints (Continued) Page Page Page Page Page Page Page CHAPTER 2 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW 2-2 Table 2-1. Features of the 8XC196M Product Family 2-3 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW Figure 2-2. Block Diagram of the Core Figure 2-1. 8XC196M Block Diagram Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page 3-1 CHAPTER 3 PROGRAMMING CONSIDERATIONS NOTE Table 3-1. Operand Type Definitions Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page CHAPTER 4 MEMORY PARTITIONS 4-2 NOTE Table 4-1. Memory Map Page Page Page 4-6 Table 4-4. Peripheral SFRs 8XC196MC 4-7 Table 4-5. Peripheral SFRs 8XC196MD 4-8 Table 4-6. Peripheral SFRs 8XC196MH Page Page Page Page 4-13 Figure 4-3. Window Selection (WSR) Register Table 4-9. Selecting a Window of Peripheral SFRs Page 4-15 Table 4-11. Windows Table 4-12. Windowed Base Addresses Page 4-17 4.2.2.5 Using the Linker Locator to Set Up a Window 4-18 This listing shows the disasse mbled code: Page Page Page Page CHAPTER 5 STANDARD AND PTS INTERRUPTS 5-2 Figure 5-1. Flow Diagram for PTS and Standard Interrupts 5-3 Table 5-1. Interrupt Signals Table 5-2. Interrupt and PTS Control and Status Registers Page 5-5 Table 5-3. Interrupt Sources, Vectors, and Priorities Page Page 5-8 x Figure 5-3. Flow Diagram for the OVRTM Interrupt x Page 5-11 Figure 5-4. Standard Interrupt Response Time 5.4.2.2 PTS Interrupt Latency Figure 5-5. PTS Interrupt Response Time Page Page 5-14 Figure 5-6. PTS Select (PTSSEL) Register 5-15 Figure 5-7. Interrupt Mask (INT_MASK) Register 5-16 Figure 5-8. Interrupt Mask 1 (INT_MASK1) Register 5-17 Figure 5-9. Peripheral Interrupt Mask (PI_MASK) Register 5-18 Figure 5-9. Peripheral Interrupt Mask (PI_MASK) Register (Continued) Page Page 5-21 Figure 5-10. Interrupt Pending (INT_PEND) Register 5-22 Figure 5-11. Interrupt Pending 1 (INT_PEND1) Register 5-23 Figure 5-12. Peripheral Interrupt Pending (PI_PEND) Register 5-24 Figure 5-12. Peripheral Interrupt Pending (PI_PEND) Register (Continued) Page 5-26 Figure 5-14. PTS Service (PTSSRV) Register Page 5-28 Figure 5-16. PTS Control Block Single Transfer Mode 5-29 Figure 5-16. PTS Control Block Single Transfer Mode (Continued) Page 5-31 Figure 5-17. PTS Control Block Block Transfer Mode 5-32 Figure 5-17. PTS Control Block Block Transfer Mode (Continued) 5-33 Figure 5-18. PTS Control Block A/D Scan Mode Page Page Page Page 5-38 Figure 5-19. PTS Control Block 1 Serial I/O Mode 5-39 Figure 5-19. PTS Control Block 1 Serial I/O Mode (Conti nued) Page 5-41 Figure 5-20. PTS Control Block 2 Serial I/O Mode 5-42 Figure 5-20. PTS Control Block 2 Serial I/O Mode (Conti nued) Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page 5-54 Figure 5-26. Asynchronous SIO Transmit Mode End-of-PTS Interrupt Routine Flowchart Page Page Page 5-58 Figure 5-28. Asynchronous SIO Receive Mode End-of-PTS Interrupt Routine Flowchart Page Page CHAPTER 6 I/O PORTS Page 6-3 Figure 6-1. Standard Input-only Port Structure Table 6-3. Input-only Port Registers Page 6-5 Table 6-4. Bidirectional Port Pins 6-6 Table 6-5. Bidirectional Port Control and Status Registers Page 6-8 A0238-04 Figure 6-2. Bidirectional Port Structure 6-9 Table 6-6. Logic Table for Bidirectional Ports in I/O Mode Table 6-7. Logic Table for Bidirectional Ports in Special-function Mode Page 6-11 Table 6-8. Control Register Values for Each Configuration Table 6-9. Port Configuration Example Page Page Page Page Page Page 6-18 Figure 6-4. Output-only Port Figure 6-5. Port 6 Output Configuration (WG_OUTPUT) Register 6-19 Figure 6-5. Port 6 Output Configuration (WG_OUTPUT) Register (Continued) Page Page Page CHAPTER 7 SERIAL I/O (SIO) PORT 7-2 Table 7-1. Serial Port Signals Table 7-2. Serial Port Control and Status Registers 7-3 Table 7-2. Serial Port Control and Status Registers (Continued) 7-4 Table 7-2. Serial Port Control and Status Registers (Continued) Page Page Page Page Page Page 7-11 _CON) Register (Continued) Figure 7-6. Serial Port Control (SP 7-12 _BAUD) Register Baud Rate (SP Figure 7-7. Serial Port WARNING 7-13 _BAUD) Register (Continued) Baud Rate (SP Figure 7-7. Serial Port Page 7-15 _STATUS) Register (SP Figure 7-8. Serial Port Status Page Page Page CHAPTER 8 FREQUENCY GENERATOR 8-2 Table 8-1. Frequency Generator Signal Table 8-2. Frequency Generator Control and Status Registers Page Page 8-5 Figure 8-4. Infrared Remote Control Application Block Diagram 40 kHz Zero = 2 ms One = 4 ms Figure 8-5. Data Encoding Exam ple 8-6 8-7 8-8 8-9 Page Page Page CHAPTER 9 WAVEFORM GENERA TOR 9-2 x Figure 9-1. Waveform Generator Block Diagram 9-3 Table 9-1. Waveform Generator Signals Table 9-2. Waveform Generator Control and Status Registers Page Page Page Page 9-8 Table 9-3. Operation in Center-aligned and Edge-aligned Modes Table 9-4. Register Updates Page Page 9-11 Figure 9-6. Edge-aligned Modes Counter Operation x Figure 9-7. Edge-aligned Modes Output Operation x Page 9-13 Figure 9-8. WG Output Configuration (WG_OUTPUT) Register 9-14 Figure 9-8. WG Output Configuration ( WG_OUTPUT) Register (Continued) 9-15 Figure 9-9. Waveform Generator Protection (WG_PROTECT) Register 9-16 Figure 9-10. Waveform Generator Reload (WG_RELOAD) Register multiplie r 9-17 ) Register Figure 9-11. Phase Compare (WG_COMP 9-18 Figure 9-12. Waveform Generator Control (WG_CONTROL) Register Page Page Page 9-22 9-23 9-24 9-25 Page Page Page CHAPTER 10 PULSE-WIDTH MODULAT OR 10-2 Figure 10-1. PWM Block Diagram Table 10-1. PWM Signals Port Pin PWM Signal PWM R S Page Page 10-5 PULSE-WIDTH MODULATOR where: Table 10-3. PWM Output Frequencies (FPWM) 10-6 where: Figure 10-3. PWM Period (PWM_PERIOD) Regi ster Page Page 10-9 PULSE-WIDTH MODULATOR Figure 10-6. Waveform Generator Output Configuration (WG_OUTPUT) Register 10-10 Figure 10-8. PWM to Analog Conversion Circuitry Figure 10-7. D/A Buffer Block Diagram Page Page CHAPTER 11 EVENT PROCESSOR ARRAY (EPA) 11-2 Figure 11-1. EPA Block Diagram Table 11-2. EPA and Timer/Counter Signals = 3. 11-3 Table 11-3. EPA Control and Status Registers Table 11-2. EPA and Timer/Counter Signals (Continued) 11-4 Table 11-3. EPA Control and Status Registers (Continued) 11-5 Table 11-3. EPA Control and Status Registers (Continued) 11-6 Figure 11-2. EPA Timer/Counters ----------------------------------------------------------- resolution = 4prescaler_divisor F Page 11-8 Figure 11-3. Quadrature Mode Interface Table 11-4. Quadrature Mode Truth Table Optical Reader X Y Page Page Page Page Page 11-16 Figure 11-8. Timer 1 Control (T1CONTROL) Register 11-17 Figure 11-9. Timer 2 Control (T2CONTROL) Register Page 11-19 _CON) Registers 11-20 11-21 11-22 _CON) Registers Figure 11-11. EPA Compare Control (COMP 11-23 Figure 11-11. EPA Compare Control (COMP Page Page Page CHAPTER 12 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL (A/D) CONVER TER 12-2 Table 12-1. A/D Converter Pins Table 12-2. A/D Control and Status Registers Page Page Page 12-7 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL (A/D) CONVERTER Figure 12-4. A/D Time (AD_TIME) Register 12-8 Figure 12-5. A/D Command (AD_COMMAND) Register 12-9 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL (A/D) CONVERTER Figure 12-6. A/D Result (AD_RESULT) Register Read Format Page Page Page Page Page Page Page 12-18 A0085-01 Figure 12-11. Terminal-based A/D Conversion Characteristic Page Page 13-1 CHAPTER 13 MINIMUM HARDWARE CONSIDERATIONS Table 13-1. Minimum Required Signals Page 13-3 MINIMUM HARDWARE CONSIDERATIONS Figure 13-1. Minimum Hardware Connections Page Page Page Page 13-8 Figure 13-7. Reset Timing Sequence Page 13-11 MINIMUM HARDWARE CONSIDERATIONS Figure 13-11. Example of a System Reset Circuit Figure 13-10. Minimum Reset Circuit Page Page Page Page Page CHAPTER 14 SPECIAL OPERATING MODES 14-2 Table 14-2. Operating Mode Control and Status Registers Table 14-1. Operating Mode Control Signals (Continued) 14-3 SPECIAL OPERATING MODES Table 14-2. Operating Mode Control and Status Registers (Continued) Page Page Page Page 14-9 SPECIAL OPERATING MODES Figure 14-4. Typical Voltage on the VPP Pin While Exiting Powerdown , Volts Page Page Page Page Page CHAPTER 15 INTERFACING WITH EXTERNAL MEMORY 15-2 15-3 15-4 Table 15-2. External Memory Interface Registers 15-5 Table 15-3. Register Settings for Configuring External Memory Interfac e Signals Table 15-2. External Memory Interface Registers (Continued) Page 15-7 Figure 15-1. Chip Configuration 0 (CCR0) Register 15-8 Figure 15-1. Chip Configuration 0 (CCR0) Register (Continued) 15-9 Figure 15-2. Chip Configuration 1 (CCR1) Register 15-10 Figure 15-2. Chip Configuration 1 (CCR1) Register Page 15-12 Figure 15-4. BUSWIDTH Timing Diagram (8XC196MC, MD) Figure 15-5. BUSWIDTH Timing Diagram (8XC196MH) The CLKOUT pin is available only on the 8XC196MC, MD. Page Page 15-15 Figure 15-6. Timings for 16-bit Buses The CLKOUT pin is available only on the 8XC196MC, MD. Page Page Page 15-19 Figure 15-8. READY Timing Diagram One Wait State (8XC196MC, M D) The CLKOUT pin is available only on the 8XC196MC, MD. 15-20 15-21 Table 15-6. Bus-control Modes Table 15-5. READY Signal Timing Definitions (Continued) Page 15-23 Figure 15-12. 8-bit System with Flash and RAM 15-24 Figure 15-13. 16-bit System with Dynamic Bus Width Page 15-26 Figure 15-15. 16-bit System with Writes to Byte-wide RAMs Page Page 15-29 Figure 15-19. 16-bit System with EPROM Page 15-31 Figure 15-21. 16-bit System with RAM 15-32 Figure 15-22. System Bus Timing The CLKOUT pin is available only on the 8XC196MC, MD. Page 15-34 Table 15-9. Microcontroller Meets These Specifications 15-35 Table 15-9. Microcontroller Meets These Specifications (Continued) Page Page Page CHAPTER 16 PROGRAMMING THE NONVOLAT ILE ME MO RY Page Page Page Page 16-7 Figure 16-1. Unerasable PROM (USFR) Register Table 16-4. UPROM Programming Values and Locations for Slave Mode Page Page Page 16-11 Figure 16-4. Pin Functions in Programming Modes Table 16-6. Pin Descriptions 16-12 Table 16-6. Pin Descriptions (Continued) Page Page 16-16 Figure 16-5. Slave Programming Circuit Table 16-8. Device Signature Word and Programming Voltages Page 16-18 Figure 16-6. Chip Configuration Registers (CCRs) Page 16-20 Figure 16-7. Address/Command Decoding Routine 16-21 Figure 16-8. Program Word Routine 16-22 Measure from falling edge of last PROG# pulse in sequence. Figure 16-9. Program Word Waveform Additional program pulses and verifications. 16-23 Figure 16-10. Dump Word Routine 16-24 Figure 16-11. Dump Word Waveform Table 16-10. Timing Mnemonics Page 16-26 O7:0 ON = Error x 87C196M Page 16-28 Figure 16-13. Auto Programming Routine Page Page 16-31 Figure 16-14. PCCB and UPROM Programming Circuit Page 16-33 Figure 16-15. Run-time Programming Code Example Page Page Page APPENDIX A INSTRUCTION SET REFERENCE A-2 Table A-1. Opcode Map (Left Half) A-3 Table A-1. Opcode Map (Right Half) A-4 Table A-2. Processor Status Word (PSW) Flags A-5 Table A-3. Effect of PSW Flags or Specified Conditions on Conditional Jump Instructions Table A-4. PSW Flag Setting Symbols A-6 Table A-5 defines the variables that are used in Table A-6 to represent the instruction operands. lreg w2_reg lreg w2_reg A-7 Table A-6. Instruction Set A-8 A-9 A-10 A-11 A-12 A-13 A-14 A-15 A-16 A-17 A-18 A-19 A-20 A-21 A-22 A-23 A-24 A-25 A-26 A-27 A-28 A-29 Page A-31 A-32 A-33 A-34 A-35 A-36 A-37 A-38 A-39 A-40 A-41 Table A-7. Instruction Opcodes A-42 Table A-7. Instruction Opcodes (Continued) A-43 Table A-7. Instruction Opcodes (Continued) A-44 Table A-7. Instruction Opcodes (Continued) A-45 Table A-7. Instruction Opcodes (Continued) A-46 Table A-7. Instruction Opcodes (Continued) A-47 Table A-8. Instruction Lengths and Hexadecimal Opcodes A-48 A-49 A-50 A-51 A-52 Table A-9. Instruction Execution Times (in State Times) A-53 A-54 A-55 A-56 A-57 Page Page Page APPENDIX B SIGNAL DESCRIPTIONS B-2 Table B-2. 8XC196MC Signals Arranged by Functional Categories B-3 Figure B-1. 8XC196MC 64-lead Shrink DIP (SDIP) Package U8XC196MC View of component as mounted on PC board B-4 A3101-02 Figure B-2. 8XC196MC 84-lead PLCC Package x8XC196MC View of component as mounted on PC board B-5 Figure B-3. 8XC196MC 80-lead Shrink EIAJ/QFP Package x8XC196MC View of component as mounted on PC board B-6 Table B-3. 8XC196MD Signals Arranged by Functional Categories B-7 A3102-02 Figure B-4. 8XC196MD 84-lead PLCC Package x8XC196MD View of component as mounted on PC board B-8 Figure B-5. 8XC196MD 80-lead Shrink EIAJ/QFP Package x8XC196MD View of component as mounted on PC board B-9 Table B-4. 8XC196MH Signals Arranged by Functional Categories B-10 Figure B-6. 8XC196MH 64-lead Shrink DIP (SDIP) Package x8XC196MH View of component as mounted on PC board B-11 A2573-03 Figure B-7. 8XC196MH 84-lead PLCC Package x8XC196MH View of component as mounted on PC board B-12 Figure B-8. 8XC196MH 80-lead Shrink EIAJ/QFP Package x8XC196MH View of component as mounted on PC board B-13 Table B-5. Description of Columns of Table B-6 Name sampled inputs Name B-14 B-15 B-16 B-17 B-18 B-19 B-20 B-21 B-22 B-23 Table B-7. Definition of Status Symbols Table B-8. 8XC196MC and MD Default Signal Conditions B-24 Table B-8. 8XC196MC and MD Default Signal Conditions (Continued) B-25 Table B-9. 8XC196MH Default Signal Conditions B-26 Table B-9. 8XC196MH Default Signal Conditions (Continued) Page Page C-1 APPENDIX C REGISTERS Table C-1. Modules and Related Registers C-2 Table C-2. Register Name, Address, and Reset Status C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 AD_COMMAND C-7 AD_RESULT (Read) C-8 AD_RESULT (Write) C-9 AD_TEST C-10 AD_TIME C-11 CCR0 C-12 CCR0 C-13 CCR1 C-14 CCR1 C-15 COMPx_CON C-16 COMPx_CON C-17 COMPx_TIME Table C-3. COMP _TIME Addresses and Reset Values C-18 C-19 C-20 Table C-4. EPA _CON Addresses and Reset Values C-21 EPAx_TIME Tabl e C- 5. EPA _TIME Addresses and Reset Values C-22 FREQ_CNT C-23 FREQ_GEN C-24 GEN_CON C-25 INT_MASK C-26 INT_MASK1 C-27 INT_PEND C-28 INT_PEND1 ONES_REG C-30 Px_DIR Table C-6. P _DIR Addresses and Reset Values C-31 Px_MODE Table C-7. P _MODE Addresses and Reset Values C-32 Px_MODE Table C-8. Special-function Signals for Ports 1, 2, 5, 6 C-33 Px_PIN Table C-9. P _PIN Addresses and Reset Values C-34 Px_REG Table C-10. P _REG Addresses and Reset Values C-35 PI_MASK C-36 PI_MASK C-37 PI_PEND C-38 PI_PEND C-39 PPW C-40 PSW test_reg C-41 PSW test_reg maskable interrupts C-42 PTSSEL C-43 PTSSRV C-44 PWM_COUNT C-45 PWM_PERIOD C-46 PWMx_CONTROL C-47 SBUFx_RX C-48 SBUFx_TX C-49 SP C-50 SPx_BAUD C-51 SPx_CON C-52 SPx_STATUS C-53 T1CONTROL C-54 T1RELOAD C-55 T2CONTROL C-56 TIMERx C-57 USFR C-58 WATCHDOG C-59 WG_COMPx C-60 WG_CONTROL C-61 WG_COUNTER C-62 WG_OUTPUT (Port 6) C-63 C-64 C-65 Table C-11. Output Configuration C-66 WG_PROTECT C-67 WG_RELOAD multiplie r C-68 Table C-12. WSR Settings and Direct Addresses for Windowable SFRs C-69 Table C-12. WSR Settings and Direct Addresses for Windowable SFRs (Continued) C-70 Table C-12. WSR Settings and Direct Addresses for Windowable SFRs (Continued) ZERO_REG Page Page Page GLOSSARY Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page INDEX A B C D E F H I J L M N O P Page Q R Page S T U V W X Y Z