Addressing, Local and Global DLCIs | Netopia R3100 specification

Understanding Frame Relay G-3

Bc = Committed burst

Be = Excess burst

CIR = Committed information rate

To = Beginning of interval

Tc = Interval Bc/CIR

Addressing

The logical address of a PVC is called the data link connection identiﬁer (DLCI). The DLCI identiﬁes each PVC within a shared physical channel.

Frame Relay packets are exchanged between nodes by mapping packets containing the source node’s DLCI address to the destination DLCI address at the switch. Each switch contains a table identifying the various DLCIs with their associated user lines and interface trunks. However, the switch has more or less work depending on whether the DLCI has global or local signiﬁcance.

Local and Global DLCIs

Local DLCI addressing means a Frame Relay virtual circuit (VC) will be identiﬁed by different DLCIs at each end. Frame Relay switches map across a VC, translating the “source” DLCI in a packet to the “destination” DLCI when forwarding the packet.

Global DLCI addressing is a Local Management Interface (LMI) extension that means a DLCI number identiﬁes the same VC at both ends. Global addressing simpliﬁes address administration but allows for only 1024 DLCIs in the entire network. The Frame Relay switch is not required to translate the DLCI in a packet as it does with local DLCIs.

Note: The majority of Frame Relay connections use Local DLCI addressing.

Local Management Interface (LMI)

The local management interface speciﬁes communication between different Frame Relay devices (e.g., frame relay switches, routers, or access devices). Three local management interface speciﬁcations have been developed for Frame Relay:

■The LMI consortium speciﬁcation formulated by Cisco, DEC, Stratacom and Northern Telecom.

■CCITT (Annex A)

■ANSI (Annex D)

Note: The CCITT and ANSI speciﬁcations are formal outgrowths of the consortium LMI speciﬁcation.

The Annex D speciﬁcation is the most widely used in North America, although consortium LMI is still in use by some carriers. The Annex A speciﬁcation is primarily a speciﬁcation for outside North America.

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Netopia R3100 manual Addressing, Local and Global DLCIs, Local Management Interface LMI, Understanding Frame Relay G-3

Contents

Netopia R3100 Isdn Routers Part Number Contents Ii User’s Reference Guide Part II Advanced Configuration Iv User’s Reference Guide Aurp Vi User’s Reference Guide Part III Appendixes Viii User’s Reference Guide Contents User’s Reference Guide Conﬁguration options for your Netopia R3100 Isdn Router Small Ofﬁce connection to the Internet Small Ofﬁce connection to the Internet Direct Connection to a Corporate Ofﬁce Telecommuter Conﬁgured to accept incoming dial-up connections Conﬁgured for Idsl Part I Getting Started User’s Reference Guide Chapter Introduction Features and capabilitiesOverview Introduction How to use this guide Find a location Chapter Making the Physical ConnectionsWhat you need Making the Physical Connections Identify the connectors and attach the cables Netopia R3100 Isdn Router Back Panel Ports Cable to your router on Services on Netopia R3100 LED front panel Netopia R3100 Isdn Router Status Lights Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard Chapter Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard Before running SmartStart SmartStart Wizard conﬁguration screens Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard Easy option Easy or Advanced setup Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard User’s Reference Guide Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard User’s Reference Guide Advanced option Connection Proﬁle screen on Conﬁguration tab Dynamic conﬁguration recommended Static conﬁguration optional Add. Repeat this process for the secondary DNS TCP/IP Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers TCP/IP or MacTCP Dynamic conﬁguration using MacIP optional Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard User’s Reference Guide Connecting Your Local Area Network Chapter Connecting Your Local Area Network Readying computers on your local network 10Base-T Connecting to an Ethernet network 10BASE-T Remote console Connecting to a LocalTalk network Wiring guidelines for PhoneNET cabling User’s Reference Guide SmartView overview Chapter SmartViewSmartView General Machine information Navigating SmartView Event history pages Connection Proﬁles Device Event History WAN Event History Standard Html web-based monitoring pages User’s Reference Guide About Console-based Management Chapter Console-based ManagementConsole-based Management Connecting through a Telnet session Conﬁguring Telnet software Connecting a local terminal console cable to your router PC ANSI-BBS Navigating through the console screens User’s Reference Guide Easy Setup console screens Chapter Easy SetupHow to access the Easy Setup console screens Easy Setup See Appendix A, Troubleshooting, for more suggestions Isdn Easy Setup Beginning Easy Setup PPP Cancel Idsl Easy Setup Previous Screen Easy Setup Proﬁle User’s Reference Guide Previous Screen Next Screen IP Easy Setup Easy Setup Security Conﬁguring Frame Relay Isdn Easy Setup Frame Relay screens WAN Conﬁguration Frame Relay screens Setup Isdn Line Configuration Frame Relay conﬁguration Easy Setup Frame Relay Dlci conﬁguration Displaying a Frame Relay Dlci conﬁguration table Changing a Frame Relay Dlci conﬁguration Adding a Frame Relay Dlci conﬁguration ADD Dlci NOW Cancel Deleting a Frame Relay Dlci conﬁguration Part II Advanced Configuration User’s Reference Guide Creating a new Connection Proﬁle Chapter WAN and System ConfigurationWAN and System Conﬁguration Add Connection Proﬁle screen appears IPX Profile Parameters Remote IPX Network BAP Telco Options Initiate Data Service 64 kb/sec Dial Default Proﬁle How the default proﬁle works Configuration Default Profile Customizing the Default Proﬁle IP parameters default proﬁle screen WAN and System Conﬁguration Auxiliary Port Conﬁguration IPX parameters default proﬁle screen System Conﬁguration screens System Conﬁguration features PAP Filter Sets Firewalls Network Protocols SetupIP Address Serving Date and Time MM/DD/YY Console Conﬁguration Upgrade Feature SetSnmp Simple Network Management Protocol Security Logging Telephone setup Nov Using SmartPhone for Telephone Services Chapter Using SmartPhone for Telephone ServicesSpecifying telephone connections Inbound Directory Number Using SmartPhone for Telephone Services Preview Ring Deﬁning priority ringing Line provisioning Advanced calling features Conﬁguring supplementary services Cost control feature -- call accounting Chapter Call Accounting and Default Answer ProfileCall Accounting and Default Answer Proﬁle Viewing call accounting statistics Call Accounting Statistics screen appears Scheduled connections Viewing scheduled connections Adding a scheduled connection Set Weekly Schedule Set Once-Only Schedule How the Default Answer Proﬁle works Default Answer ProﬁleModifying a scheduled connection Deleting a scheduled connection Customizing the default proﬁle Call Accounting and Default Answer Proﬁle Call acceptance scenarios Network Address Translation features Chapter IP Setup and Network Address TranslationIP Setup and Network Address Translation HOW NAT Works Using Network Address Translation ISP Associating port numbers to nodes Using multiple Connection ProﬁlesNetwork Address Translation guidelines IP setup IP Setup and Network Address Translation Select Add Export. The Add Exported Service screen appears IP Setup IP subnets IP Setup and Network Address Translation Static routes Viewing static routes Adding a static route Modifying a static route Rules of static route installationDeleting a static route Main System IP Address Menu Configuration Serving 163.176.56.90 Dhcp NetBIOS Options MacIP Kip Forwarding Options You have ﬁnished your IP Setup IPX Features Chapter IPX SetupIPX Setup IPX Deﬁnitions IPX address Service Advertising Protocol SAPSocket Routing Information Protocol RIP IPX setup NetBIOSIPX Spooﬁng Default Gateway Address IPX routing tables User’s Reference Guide Installing AppleTalk Chapter AppleTalk SetupAppleTalk Setup AppleTalk protocol AppleTalk networks AppleTalk Setup Aurp MacIP Routers and seeding Conﬁguring AppleTalk EtherTalk Setup LocalTalk Setup Viewing Aurp partners Aurp setupAurp Free Trade Zone Modifying an Aurp partner Adding an Aurp partner Receiving Aurp connections Deleting an Aurp partnerConﬁguring Aurp Options User’s Reference Guide Quick View status overview Chapter Monitoring ToolsMonitoring Tools General status Status lights Current status General Statistics Statistics & Logs Physical Interface Event historiesNetwork Interface Request from our DN WAN Event History Device Event History Routing tables IP routing table IPX Sap Bindery table IPX routing tableAppleTalk routing table Served IP Addresses IP Address Lease Management screen appears Snmp System Information Community strings Snmp Setup screen Snmp traps Viewing IP trap receivers Setting the IP trap receiversModifying IP trap receivers Deleting IP trap receivers User’s Reference Guide Suggested security measures Chapter SecuritySecurity Protecting the Security Options screen User accountsProtecting the conﬁguration screens Dial-in Console Access Telnet access Enable SmartStart/SmartView/Web ServerAbout ﬁlters and ﬁlter sets What’s a ﬁlter and what’s a ﬁlter set? Filter priority How ﬁlter sets work Packet First filter Match? Yes ﬁlter’s actions How individual ﬁlters workﬁltering rule Parts of a ﬁlter Port number comparisons Port numbers Putting the parts together Other ﬁlter attributes Filtering example #1 UDP Filtering example #2 Design guidelines Working with IP ﬁlters and ﬁlter sets An approach to using ﬁltersDisadvantages of ﬁlters Adding a ﬁlter set Input and output ﬁlters-source and destination Naming a new ﬁlter set Adding ﬁlters to a ﬁlter set Netopia R-series Router ADD this Filter NOW Cancel Viewing ﬁlters Viewing ﬁlter setsModifying ﬁlters Deleting ﬁlters Deleting a ﬁlter set Modifying ﬁlter setsSample IP ﬁlter set TCP Icmp UDP Possible modiﬁcations Security IPX ﬁlters Viewing and modifying packet ﬁlters IPX packet ﬁltersAdding a packet ﬁlter Deleting a packet ﬁlter IPX packet ﬁlter setsViewing and modifying packet ﬁlter sets Adding a packet ﬁlter set ADD Filter SET NOW Cancel Deleting a packet ﬁlter set IPX SAP ﬁltersViewing and modifying SAP ﬁlters Adding a SAP ﬁlter Deleting a SAP ﬁlter IPX SAP ﬁlter setsViewing and modifying SAP ﬁlter sets Adding a SAP ﬁlter set Deleting a SAP ﬁlter set Basic IP Packet Components Firewall tutorial General Firewall TermsBasic Protocol Types Example TCP/UDP Ports Firewall design rulesFirewall Logic Logical ANDing Binary RepresentationImplied Rules Established Connections Filter BasicsExample IP Filter Set Screen Example Network Example FiltersExample Example Example Using the SecurID token card Token Security AuthenticationKey Security Authentication Features of the Netopia R3100 Securing network environments Conﬁguring for security authentication Security authentication components Establishing a dial-on-demand DOD connection call Connecting using security authentication Current Connection Status Establishing a manual connection call User’s Reference Guide Utilities and Diagnostics Chapter Utilities and Diagnostics Start Ping Ping Utilities and Diagnostics Stop Ping Telnet client Telnet client screen appears Trace Route Secure Authentication Monitor Disconnect Telnet Console Session Factory defaultsTransferring conﬁguration and ﬁrmware ﬁles with Tftp Updating ﬁrmware Uploading conﬁguration ﬁles Downloading conﬁguration ﬁles Transferring conﬁguration and ﬁrmware ﬁles with Xmodem Do you want to send a saved configuration to your Netopia? Restarting the system Isdn Switch Loopback Test User’s Reference Guide If the loopback test fails Part III Appendixes User’s Reference Guide Conﬁguration problems Appendix a TroubleshootingTroubleshooting A-1 Console connection problems SmartStart TroubleshootingNetwork problems How to get support Power outagesTechnical support Before contacting Netopia FAX-Back Online product information Finding an Isdn service provider Appendix B Setting Up Telco ServicesObtaining an Isdn line Choosing an Isdn line Physical Isdn line Setup tipsIsdn Ordering Codes Outside North America only Switch protocol typeDirectory and Spid numbers U models only Circuit ID number U models only Long-distance Isdn calls North American models only Testing the Isdn line Completing the Isdn worksheet Isdn Telco Worksheet for North America Isdn Telco Worksheet for Outside North America User’s Reference Guide North American Telco Provisioning for Isdn Appendix C North American Telco Provisioning for Isdn User’s Reference Guide Finding an Internet service provider Appendix D Setting Up Internet ServicesSetting Up Internet Services D-1 Unique requirements Pricing and support Setting up a Netopia R3100 accountISP’s Point of presence Endorsements Deciding on an ISP account Local LAN IP address information to obtain Obtaining information from the ISPWith Network Address Translation Remote WAN IP address information to obtain Remote WAN IP address information to obtain Appendix E Understanding IP Addressing What is IP?About IP addressing Understanding IP Addressing E-1 Subnets and subnet masks Understanding IP Addressing E-3 Example Using subnets on a Class C IP internetSubnet masks ISP Network Network conﬁguration Distributing IP addresses Example Working with a Class C subnetUnderstanding IP Addressing E-5 Background Technical note on subnet masking Conﬁguration Netopia R3100 Dhcp Server CharacteristicsUnderstanding IP Addressing E-7 Dhcp Address Serving Manually distributing IP addresses Using address servingTips and rules for distributing IP addresses MacIP Serving Dhcp example Understanding IP Addressing E-9 Internet Nested IP subnets Understanding IP Addressing E-11 Packet header types Broadcasts Network Conﬁguration Appendix F Understanding Netopia NAT BehaviorBackground Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior F-1 User’s Reference Guide Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior F-3 Router Netopia Router Netopia Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior F-5 Exported services Important notes Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior F-7 Summary Virtual Circuits Appendix G Understanding Frame RelayUnderstanding Frame Relay G-1 Committed Burst Size Bc Committed Information Rate CIRExcess Burst Size Be Local and Global DLCIs AddressingLocal Management Interface LMI Understanding Frame Relay G-3 Network Protocol Addressing and Virtual Interfaces Encapsulation and FragmentationFrame Relay partial mesh support Understanding Frame Relay G-5 User’s Reference Guide Leased line events Appendix H Event HistoriesIsdn events Event Histories Isdn event cause codes Event Histories User’s Reference Guide Event Histories User’s Reference Guide Deﬁnitions Appendix Isdn Conﬁguration GuideAbout SPIDs Isdn Conﬁguration Guide Dynamic B-channel usage Example SPIDs Other incoming call restrictions User’s Reference Guide Binary Conversion Table J-1 Appendix J Binary Conversion Table Decimal Binary Further Reading K-1 Appendix K Further Reading User’s Reference Guide Further Reading K-3 User’s Reference Guide Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information L-1 Appendix L Technical Specifications and Safety InformationPinouts for Auxiliary Port Modem Cable DSR Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information L-3 Power requirementsDescription Environment Regulatory notices Agency approvalsNorth America International Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information L-5 Australian Safety Information Important safety instructionsDeclaration for Canadian users Telecommunication installation cautions Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information L-7Battery User’s Reference Guide Glossary Glossary User’s Reference Guide Glossary User’s Reference Guide Glossary Remapping See network number remapping Glossary User’s Reference Guide Index-1 Index Index-2 ISP Index-3 NAT Index-4 Spid Index-5 Index-6 Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies User’s Reference Guide