Teledyne M300EM operation manual How Electro-Staticcharges Cause Damage

A Primer on Electro-Static Discharge Teledyne API – Technical Manual - Model 300E Family CO Analyzers

14.2.HOW ELECTRO-STATIC CHARGES CAUSE DAMAGE

Damage to components occurs when these static charges come into contact with an electronic device. Current flows as the charge moves along the conductive circuitry of the device and the typically very high voltage levels of the charge overheat the delicate traces of the integrated circuits, melting them or even vaporizing parts of them. When examined by microscope the damage caused by electro-static discharge looks a lot like tiny bomb craters littered across the landscape of the component’s circuitry.

A quick comparison of the values in Table 14-1with the those shown in the Table 14-2,listing device susceptibility levels, shows why Semiconductor Reliability News estimates that approximately 60% of device failures are the result of damage due to electro-static discharge.

Table 14-2: Sensitivity of Electronic Devices to Damage by ESD

	DAMAGE SUSCEPTIBILITY VOLTAGE
DEVICE	RANGE
	DAMAGE BEGINS	CATASTROPHIC
	OCCURRING AT	DAMAGE AT
MOSFET	10	100
VMOS	30	1800
NMOS	60	100
GaAsFET	60	2000
EPROM	100	100
JFET	140	7000
SAW	150	500
Op-AMP	190	2500
CMOS	200	3000
Schottky Diodes	300	2500
Film Resistors	300	3000
This Film Resistors	300	7000
ECL	500	500
SCR	500	1000
Schottky TTL	500	2500

Potentially damaging electro-static discharges can occur:

Any time a charged surface (including the human body) discharges to a device. Even simple contact of a finger to the leads of a sensitive device or assembly can allow enough discharge to cause damage. A similar discharge can occur from a charged conductive object, such as a metallic tool or fixture.

When static charges accumulated on a sensitive device discharges from the device to another surface such as packaging materials, work surfaces, machine surfaces or other device. In some cases, charged device discharges can be the most destructive.

A typical example of this is the simple act of installing an electronic assembly into the connector or wiring harness of the equipment in which it is to function. If the assembly is carrying a static charge, as it is connected to ground a discharge will occur.

Whenever a sensitive device is moved into the field of an existing electro-static field, a charge may be induced on the device in effect discharging the field onto the device. If the device is then momentarily grounded while within the electrostatic field or removed from the region of the electrostatic field and grounded somewhere else, a second discharge will occur as the charge is transferred from the device to ground.

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