V1.0, January | NETGEAR UTM50-100NAS, UTM5-100NAS specification

ProSecure Unified Threat Management (UTM) Appliance Reference Manual

6-46	Content Filtering and Optimizing Scans

v1.0, January 2010

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NETGEAR UTM50-100NAS, UTM5-100NAS manual V1.0, January

Contents

NETGEAR, Inc Trademarks Statement of ConditionsEU Regulatory Compliance Statement Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs Voluntary Control Council for Interference Vcci Statement Additional CopyrightsAES Terms MD5 Product and Publication Details Model NumberPublication Date January Product Family Product Name V1.0, January Contents Chapter Manually Configuring Internet and WAN Settings Dual-WAN Port Models Only Chapter LAN Configuration Chapter Content Filtering and Optimizing Scans Chapter Virtual Private Networking Using SSL Connections Features That Reduce Traffic Features That Increase TrafficUsing QoS and Bandwidth Assignment to Shift the Traffic Mix Changing Passwords and Administrator Settings Configuring Date and Time Service Configuring Logging, Alerts, and Event NotificationsConfiguring the E-mail Notification Server Configuring and Activating System, E-mail, and Syslog Logs Troubleshooting the ISP Connection Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping UtilityTesting the LAN Path to Your UTM Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device Appendix D Two Factor Authentication Xvi About This Manual Conventions, Formats, and Scope Part Number Version Date Description How to Print This ManualRevision History Chapter Introduction Key Features and Capabilities Advanced VPN Support for Both IPsec and SSL Powerful, True Firewall Stream Scanning for Content Filtering Security Features Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink Easy Installation and Management Extensive Protocol Support Differences Between the UTM Models Maintenance and SupportModel Comparison Service Registration Card with License Keys Deployment Package Contents Hardware Features Front Panel LED Descriptions Object Activity DescriptionLAN Ports DMZ LED Security lock Console port Reset button AC power Receptacle Rear PanelBottom Panel With Product Label Receptacle 4shows the product label for the UTM5 Choosing a Location for the UTM 6shows the product label for the UTM25 Using the Rack-Mounting Kit V1.0, January Using the Setup Wizard to Provision the UTM in Your Network Understanding the Steps for Initial Connection Logging In to the UTM Qualified Web Browsers V1.0, January V1.0, January Understanding the Web Management Interface Menu Layout V1.0, January Using the Setup Wizard to Perform the Initial Configuration Setup Wizard of 10 LAN Settings Setup Wizard LAN Settings Dhcp Setting Description or Subfield and Description Setup Wizard of 10 WAN Settings Setting Description or Subfield and Description DNS Proxy ISP Type Setup Wizard WAN SettingsSetting Description or Subfield and Description ISP Login Internet IP Address ISPDomain Name Server DNS Servers Get Automatically from ISP radio button Setup Wizard of 10 System Date and Time Setup Wizard System Date and Time Settings Adjust for Daylight Savings Time checkbox Setup Wizard of 10 Services Setup Wizard Services Settings WebInstant Messaging Peer-to-Peer P2P Setting Description or Subfield and Description Action Setup Wizard of 10 Email SecuritySetup Wizard Email Security Settings Setup Wizard of 10 Web Security Scan Exceptions Setup Wizard Web Security Settings See Performance Management on Setup Wizard of 10 Web Categories to Be Blocked Blocked Categories Time of Day Setup Wizard Content Filtering SettingsBlocked Categories Scheduled Days Administrator Email Notification Settings Setup Wizard of 10 Email NotificationSetup Wizard Administrator Email Notification Settings Setup Wizard of 10 Signatures & Engine Setup Wizard of 10 Saving the Configuration Setup Wizard Signatures & Engine SettingsUpdate Settings Update Frequency Verifying Proper Installation Testing ConnectivityTesting Http Scanning Registering the UTM with Netgear Click Register What to Do Next Manually Configuring Internet and WAN Settings Understanding the Internet and WAN Configuration Tasks Configuring the Internet Connections Automatically Detecting and Connecting V1.0, January Pptp Internet connection methodsConnection Method Data Required Setting the UTM’s MAC Address Manually Configuring the Internet Connection V1.0, January Pptp and PPPoE Settings Internet IP Address Settings DNS Server Settings Network Address Translation All Models Configuring Auto-Rollover Mode Dual-WAN Port Models Only Classical Routing All Models Auto-Rollover Mode Settings Dual-WAN Port Models Only Setting Description or Subfield and Description Port Mode WAN2 Configuring the Internet Connections onWAN1 V1.0, January Protocol Binding Settings Dual-WAN Port Models Only Using the Services menu see Services-Based Rules on Destination Configuring Secondary WAN Addresses V1.0, January Configuring Dynamic DNS Select Network Config Dynamic DNS from the menu V1.0, January DNS Service Settings WAN2 Dynamic DNS Status Configuring Advanced WAN Options Advanced WAN Settings Setting Description or Subfield and Description MTU SizeUse Default Address radio button Port Speed Additional WAN-Related Configuration Tasks Upload/Download Settings Chapter LAN Configuration Managing Virtual LANs and Dhcp Options Managing the UTM’s Port-Based VLANs V1.0, January Vlan Dhcp Options Dhcp Server Dhcp Relay DNS Proxy Configuring a Vlan Profile Ldap Server V1.0, January Vlan Profile Settings Vlan IDPort Membership Vlan Enable Dhcp Starting IP Inter Vlan Routing Configuring Multi-Home LAN IPs on the Default Vlan Managing Groups and Hosts LAN Groups Managing the Network Database V1.0, January Adding PCs or Devices to the Network Database Add Known PCs and Devices SettingsSetting Up Address Reservation on Changing Group Names in the Network Database Editing PCs or Devices in the Network Database Setting Up Address Reservation Configuring and Enabling the DMZ Port V1.0, January DMZ Setup Settings Own LAN IP address as the primary DNS server IP address Managing Routing Configuring Static Routes Configuring Routing Information Protocol RIP Static Route Settings Select Network Configuration Routing from the menu Out Only . RIP Configuration SettingsAuthentication for RIP-2B/2M Static Route Example V1.0, January Chapter Firewall Protection About Firewall Protection Administrator Tips Number of Supported Firewall Rule Configurations Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of TrafficServices-Based Rules Outbound Rules Service Blocking Customized Services on Outbound Rules OverviewTo Block or Allow Specific Traffic on Hosts LAN Groups on Inbound Rules Port Forwarding NAT IP V1.0, January Inbound Rules Overview Hosts LAN Groups on Useful when debugging your rules Order of Precedence for Rules Setting LAN WAN Rules LAN WAN Outbound Services Rules LAN WAN Inbound Services Rules Setting DMZ WAN Rules V1.0, January DMZ WAN Outbound Services Rules DMZ WAN Inbound Services Rules Setting LAN DMZ Rules LAN DMZ Outbound Services Rules LAN DMZ Inbound Services Rules Inbound Rules Examples LAN WAN Inbound Rule Hosting a Local Public Web Server V1.0, January V1.0, January LAN WAN or DMZ WAN Inbound Rule Specifying an Exposed Host Outbound Rules Example LAN WAN Outbound Rule Blocking Instant Messenger Configuring Other Firewall Features Attack Checks Attack Checks Settings VPN Pass through L2TP Setting Session Limits Managing the Application Level Gateway for SIP Sessions Session Limit SettingsSession Timeout Creating Services, QoS Profiles, and Bandwidth Profiles Adding Customized Services V1.0, January Services Settings TCP Creating Quality of Service QoS Profiles V1.0, January QoS Profile Settings Default High Medium High Low Creating Bandwidth Profiles V1.0, January Bandwidth Profile Settings Setting a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic Enabling Source MAC Filtering V1.0, January Setting up IP/MAC Bindings IP/MAC Bindings IP/MAC Binding SettingsEvent Notifications on Configuring Port Triggering V1.0, January 10. Port Triggering Settings Using the Intrusion Prevention System V1.0, January V1.0, January Misc 11. IPS Less Familiar Attack NamesAttack Name Description or Subfield and Description Web Content Filtering and Optimizing Scans About Content Filtering and Scans Default E-mail and Web Scan Settings Default E-mail and Web Scan Settings Configuring E-mail Protection Scan Type Default Scan Setting Default Action if applicable Customizing E-mail Protocol Scan Settings Customizing E-mail Anti-Virus and Notification Settings Performance see Performance Management on E-mail Anti-Virus and Notification SettingsNotification Settings Email Alert Settings Mail FILENAME%, %ACTION%, %VIRUSNAME% Mail Content FilteringTIME%, %PROTOCOL%, %FROM%, %TO%, %SUBJECT% V1.0, January E-mail Filter Settings Filter by Password-Protected Attachments ZIP, RAR, etc Password-Protected Attachments ZIP, RAR, etc. section above Protecting Against E-mail SpamFilter by File Name Protected Attachments ZIP, RAR, etc. section above Setting Up the Whitelist and Blacklist V1.0, January Configuring the Real-time Blacklist Whitelist/Blacklist Settings V1.0, January Configuring Distributed Spam Analysis Distributed Spam Analysis Settings Block spam email Anti-Spam Engine SettingsLow Medium-Low Configuring Web and Services Protection Customizing Web Protocol Scan Settings and Services Web Protocol, Instant Messaging, and Peer-to-Peer Settings Setting Description or Subfield and Description Web Configuring Web Malware Scans Malware Scan Settings Configuring Web Content Filtering Html Scan V1.0, January Content Filtering, screen 1 10 Content Filtering, screen 2 11 Content Filtering, screen 3 Content Filtering Settings Performance Management onFull-Text Search Block Web Objects Blocked Categories Scheduled Days Netgear Configuring Web URL FilteringURL V1.0, January Blacklist URL Filtering SettingsSetting Description or Subfield and Description Whitelist URL% Https Scan Settings V1.0, January V1.0, January 10. Https Settings Specifying Trusted Hosts V1.0, January Configuring FTP Scans 11. Trusted Hosts Settings 12. FTP Scan Settings Block Files with the Following Extensions Setting Web Access Exceptions and Scanning ExclusionsSetting Web Access Exception Rules To set Web access exception rules 13. Add and Edit Block Scanning Exception Settings Groups and Hosts LAN Groups on Setting Scanning Exclusions 14. Add Scanning Exclusion Settings V1.0, January Chapter Virtual Private Networking Using IPsec Connections UTM IP Addressing for VPNs in Dual WAN Port Systems IP Addressing for VPNs in Dual WAN Port Systems Creating Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels with the Wizard V1.0, January IPsec VPN Wizard Settings for a Gateway-to-Gateway Tunnel Connection Name and Remote IP Type End Point Information a Secure Connection Remote AccessibilityManually Adding or Editing a VPN Policy on V1.0, January Creating a Client to Gateway VPN Tunnel V1.0, January IPsec VPN Wizard Settings for a Client-to-Gateway Tunnel Fqdn V1.0, January V1.0, January Security Policy Editor Remote Party Settings Only Connect Manually checkboxGateway Tunnel Status on Security Policy Editor My Identity Settings On page 7-10. In this example, the domain name is Testing the Connections and Viewing Status Information Testing the VPN ConnectionSecurity Policy Editor Security Policy Settings Detection checkbox Netgear VPN Client Status and Log Information V1.0, January System Tray Icon Status Viewing the UTM IPsec VPN Connection StatusStatus Indications for the VPN Client System Tray Icon Viewing the UTM IPsec VPN Log IPsec VPN Connection Status Information Managing IPsec VPN Policies Managing IKE Policies IKE Policies Screen List of IKE Policies Information Manually Adding or Editing an IKE Policy V1.0, January General 10. Add IKE Policy SettingsDescription or Subfield and Description Mode Config Record IKE SA Parameters LocalRemote Configuring Group 1 768 bitGroup 5 1536 bit Keepalives and Dead Screen see User Database Configuration on Configuration on Managing VPN Policies VPN Policies Screen 11. List of VPN Policies Information Remote Manually Adding or Editing a VPN Policy V1.0, January 12. Add VPN Policy Settings Configuring KeepalivesDescription or Subfield and Description General Dead Peer Traffic Selection Manual Policy Parameters Auto Policy Parameters Group 1536 bit Configuring Extended Authentication XauthGroup 768 bit Configuring Xauth for VPN Clients Information, see Radius Client Configuration on User Database ConfigurationRadius Client Configuration V1.0, January 14. Radius Client Settings Backup Radius ServerConnection Configuration Primary Radius Server Configuring Mode Config Operation on the UTM Assigning IP Addresses to Remote Users Mode ConfigMode Config Operation V1.0, January 15. Add Mode Config Record Settings Description or Subfield and Description Client Pool Traffic Tunnel Security Level V1.0, January 16. Add IKE Policy Settings for a Mode Config Configuration Description or Subfield and Description Remote Menu, select Group 2 1024 bit Configuring the ProSafe VPN Client for Mode Config Operation 192.168.1.0 Mask Gateway Tunnel 18. Security Policy Editor My Identity, Mode Config Settings Menu Configuring Keepalives and Dead Peer Detection Testing the Mode Config Connection Configuring Keepalives Configuring Dead Peer Connection 20. Keepalive Settings 21. Dead Peer Detection Settings Configuring NetBIOS Bridging with IPsec VPN V1.0, January Chapter Virtual Private Networking Using SSL Connections Understanding the SSL VPN Portal Options Using the SSL VPN Wizard for Client Configurations SSL VPN Wizard of 6 Portal Settings Screen as shown in -8 on SSL VPN Wizard Portal SettingsPortal Layout and Theme Name SSL VPN Wizard of 6 Domain Settings SSL VPN Portal Pages to Display Radius Client SSL VPN Wizard Domain SettingsDomain Name SSL VPN Wizard of 6 User Settings SSL VPN Wizard User Settings SSL VPN Wizard of 6 Client IP Address Range and Routes Add Routes for VPN Tunnel Clients SSL VPN Wizard Client IP Address Range and Routes SettingsClient IP Address Range SSL VPN Wizard Port Forwarding Settings SSL VPN Wizard of 6 Port Forwarding SSH Add New Host Name for Port Forwarding SSL VPN Wizard of 6 Verify and Save Your Settings Accessing the New SSL Portal Login Screen V1.0, January Viewing the UTM SSL VPN Connection Status Viewing the UTM SSL VPN Log Manually Configuring and Editing SSL Connections Creating the Portal Layout V1.0, January V1.0, January Add Portal Layout Settings Revalidate Configuring Domains, Groups, and Users Configuring Applications for Port Forwarding Adding Servers and Port Numbers TCP Application Port Number Adding a New Host NamePort Forwarding Applications/TCP Port Numbers Configuring the SSL VPN Client Fully Qualified Domain Name. The full server name Configuring the Client IP Address Range Adding Routes for VPN Tunnel Clients Tunnel Clients on Using Network Resource Objects to Simplify Policies Adding New Network Resources Editing Network Resources to Specify Addresses Configuring User, Group, and Global Policies Add Resource Addresses Settings Viewing Policies Adding a Policy 10. Add Policy Settings Policy For Description or Subfield and Description Add SSL VPN Policies Network Resource Objects to Simplify Policies on 10. Add Policy Settings V1.0, January V1.0, January Managing Users, Authentication, and Certificates Configuring VPN Authentication Domains, Groups, and Users Configuring Domains Authentication Protocols and Methods Ldap Add Domain Settings Creating the Portal Layout on Configuring Groups for VPN Policies Creating and Deleting Groups VPN Group Settings Editing Groups Configuring User Accounts V1.0, January Policies on Add User SettingsSee Configuring Extended Authentication Xauth on Setting User Login Policies Configuring Login Policies Configuring Login Restrictions Based on IP Address Configuring Login Restrictions Based on Web Browser Add Defined Addresses Settings Internet Explorer Opera Netscape Navigator Changing Passwords and Other User Settings Managing Digital Certificates Edit User SettingsEnabled see Configuring Extended Authentication Xauth on V1.0, January Managing CA Certificates 11 Certificates, screen 1 Managing Self Certificates Generating a CSR and Obtaining a Self Certificate from a CA Generate Self Certificate Request Settings Setting 512 1024 2048 V1.0, January Managing the Certificate Revocation List Viewing and Managing Self Certificates 15Certificates, screen 3 Performance Management Bandwidth Capacity Features That Reduce Traffic Network and System Management 10-3 Content Filtering Features That Increase Traffic Source MAC Filtering 10-6 Network and System Management Configuring the DMZ Port Port Triggering Using QoS and Bandwidth Assignment to Shift the Traffic Mix Configuring Exposed HostsConfiguring VPN Tunnels Assigning QoS Profiles Changing Passwords and Administrator Settings System ManagementMonitoring Tools for Traffic Management Assigning Bandwidth Profiles 10-10 Network and System Management Network and System Management 10-11 Configuring Remote Management Access Https//IPaddress or https//FullyQualifiedDomainName Using an Snmp Manager Managing the Configuration File Snmp SettingsSetting Description or Subfield and Description Settings Trusted Snmp Hosts Backup Settings Restore Settings Reverting to Factory Default Settings Updating the Firmware Viewing the Available Firmware Versions Upgrading the Firmware and Rebooting the UTM Rebooting Without Changing the Firmware Updating the Scan Signatures and Scan Engine Firmware 10-22 Network and System Management Configuring Automatic Update and Frequency Settings Signatures & Scan Engine Settings Configuring Date and Time Service System Date & Time Settings Network and System Management 10-25 10-26 Network and System Management Monitoring System Access and Performance Enabling the WAN Traffic Meter 11-2 Monitoring System Access and Performance Logging, Alerts, and Event Notifications on WAN Traffic Meter SettingsTraffic Counter System, E-mail, and Syslog Logs on Configuring Logging, Alerts, and Event Notifications Configuring the E-mail Notification Server Server requires authentication checkbox and enter Configuring and Activating System, E-mail, and Syslog LogsE-mail Notification Settings Monitoring System Access and Performance 11-7 E-mail and Syslog Settings Email Logs to Administrator Send Logs via Syslog Configuring and Activating Update Failure and Attack Alerts Alerts Settings PROTOCOL%, %FROM%, %TO%, %SUBJECT%, %FILENAME% ACTION%, %VIRUSNAME% Configuring and Activating Firewall Logs Firewall Logs Settings Monitoring Real-Time Traffic, Security, and Statistics Dashboard, screen 1 Settings on Spam to configure, see Protecting Against E-mail Spam onTotal Threats System on Threats Counts Total Traffic Bytes Categories, see Using the Intrusion Dashboard Most Recent 5 and Top 5 InformationCategory Most Recent 5 Description Top 5 Description Prevention System on Dashboard Service Statistics Information Dashboard, screen 3 Viewing Status Screens Viewing System Status Setting Status System Status Status and System Information 11 System Status, screen 2 Dhcp NATLAN Port 11. System Status Interface Statistics Viewing Active VPN UsersViewing VPN Tunnel Connection Status 12. IPsec VPN Connection Status Information To view the status of the Port Triggering feature Viewing Port Triggering Status Viewing the WAN Ports Status 13. Port Triggering Status Information 11-28 Monitoring System Access and Performance Models see Manually Configuring the Internet Connection on Edit Vlan Profile screen see Configuring a Vlan Profile onViewing Attached Devices and the Dhcp Log Viewing Attached Devices 11-30 Monitoring System Access and Performance Viewing the Dhcp Log Querying Logs and Generating Reports Querying the Logs Monitoring System Access and Performance 11-33 15. Logs Query Settings Following protocols can be selected See Configuring and Activating Firewall Logs onThis field is available for the following logs Following categories can be selected Following reasons can be selectedThis field is available only for the Spam log This field is available only for the Malware log This field is available only for the Content filters log EMERG, ALERT, CRITICAL, ERROR, WARNING, NoticeThis field is available only for the Service log Example Using Logs to Identify Infected Clients Log Management Scheduling and Generating Reports Generating Reports 16. Generate Report Settings Email ReportsWeb Reports System Reports 17. Schedule Report Settings Scheduling Reports Report List Using Diagnostics UtilitiesEmail Reports Web Reports System Reports Using the Network Diagnostic Tools Sending a Ping Packet Looking up a DNS Address Tracing a RouteDisplaying the Routing Table Using the Realtime Traffic Diagnostics Tool 27 Diagnostics, screen 2 Gathering Important Log Information Generating Network Statistics Rebooting and Shutting Down the UTM Troubleshooting and Using Online Support Test LED Never Turns Off Power LED Not OnBasic Functioning Troubleshooting the Web Management Interface LAN or WAN Port LEDs Not On When You Enter a URL or IP Address a Time-out Error Occurs Troubleshooting the ISP Connection 12-6 Troubleshooting and Using Online Support Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility Testing the LAN Path to Your UTM Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device Ping -n 10 IP address Restoring the Default Configuration and Password Enabling Remote Troubleshooting Problems with Date and TimeUsing Online Support Sending Suspicious Files to Netgear for Analysis Accessing the Knowledge Base and Documentation Malware Analysis Settings Table A-1. UTM Default Configuration Settings Feature Default behavior Router LoginInternet Connection Local Network LAN Table A-2. UTM Physical and Technical Specifications Table A-3. UTM IPsec VPN Specifications Feature Specification Environmental SpecificationsInterface Specifications Setting Specification Table A-4. UTM SSL VPN Specifications MD5, SHA-1, MAC-MD5/SHA-1, HMAC-MD5/SHA-1 What to Consider Before You Begin WAN port Physical facility Internet Cabling and Computer Hardware Requirements Computer Network Configuration RequirementsInternet Configuration Requirements Where Do I Get The Internet Configuration Information? Internet Connection Information Overview of the Planning Process Figure B-2 Inbound Traffic Inbound Traffic to a Single WAN Port System Inbound Traffic Dual WAN Ports for Load Balancing Inbound Traffic to a Dual WAN Port SystemInbound Traffic Dual WAN Ports for Improved Reliability Virtual Private Networks VPNs VPN Road Warrior ClientTo-Gateway To-Gateway Through a NAT Figure B-7 VPN Road Warrior Client-to-Gateway VPN Road Warrior Single Gateway WAN Port Reference Case Figure B-10 VPN Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Road Warrior Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing Figure B-13 Figure B-15 VPN Telecommuter Client-to-Gateway Through a NAT Router VPN Telecommuter Single Gateway WAN Port Reference Case Figure B-18 VPN Telecommuter Dual Gateway WAN Ports for Load Balancing Figure B-20 Table C-1. Log Message Terms Term Description or Subfield and Description Reboot Table C-3. System Logs RebootSystem Log Messages System Startup Table C-5. System Logs NTP Service LogsTable C-4. System Logs Service IPsec Restart Login/LogoutFirewall Restart Auto-Rollover Mode WAN StatusSystem Logs WAN Status, Auto Rollover ACTIVEWAN2 Load-Balancing Mode Table C-9. System Logs WAN Status, Load Balancing Table C-10. System Logs WAN Status, PPPoE Idle-Timeout PPP Logs Table C-11. System Logs WAN Status, Pptp Idle-Timeout Table C-12. System Logs WAN Status, PPP Authentication Icmp Redirect Logs Traffic Metering LogsUnicast Logs Invalid Packet Logging Multicast/Broadcast LogsTable C-16. System Logs Multicast/Broadcast Table C-17. System Logs Invalid Packets Invalidbadchecksumdrop SRC=192.168.20.10 Invalidbadhwchecksumdrop SRC=192.168.20.10Invalidmalformedpacketdrop SRC=192.168.20.10 Invalidshortpacketdrop SRC=192.168.20.10 Content Filtering and Security Logs Web Filtering and Content Filtering Logs Table C-19. Content Filtering and Security Logs Spam Spam Logs Table C-20. Content Filtering and Security Logs Traffic Table C-21. Content Filtering and Security Logs VirusTraffic Logs Virus Logs Table C-23. Content Filtering and Security Logs IPS Table C-24. Content Filtering and Security Logs Port ScanIPS Logs Port Scan Logs Routing Logs LAN to WAN LogsLAN to DMZ Logs DMZ to WAN Logs WAN to DMZ Logs WAN to LAN LogsDMZ to LAN Logs V1.0, January Why do I need Two-Factor Authentication? What are the benefits of Two-Factor Authentication? Netgear Two-Factor Authentication Solutions What is Two-Factor Authentication Figure D-1 Figure D-3 Appendix E Related Documents Document Link V1.0, January Index Numerics Index-2 Index-3 Index-4 Index-5 Index-6 Index-7 Index-8 Index-9 Index-10 Index-11 Index-12 Index-13 Index-14 Index-15 Index-16