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53-1002437-01
January 2012
®
ServerIron ADX
Global Server Load Balancing Guide
Supporting Brocade ServerIr
on ADX version 12.4.00
Contents
Main
Brocade Communications Systems, Incorporated
Document History
53-1002437-01 New document January 2012
Title Publication number Summary of changes Date
ServerIron ADX Global Server Load Balancing Guide
Contents
About This Document
Chapter 1 Global Server Load Balancing
Page
Page
Chapter 2 Global Server Load Balancing for IPv6
Appendix A Reference Materials
Page
About This Document
Audience
Supported hardware and software
Document conventions
Notice to the reader
Related publications
Getting technical help or reporting errors
Web access
E-mail and telephone access
Page
Chapter
Global Server Load Balancing
Global Server Load Balancing overview
Basic concepts
Page
GSLB example
Page
GSLB policy
Server health
Weighted IP metric
Weighted site metric
Site ServerIron ADXs session capacity threshold
Active bindings metric
Round-trip time between the remote ServerIron ADX and the client
Geographic location of the server
Site ServerIron ADXs connection load
Site ServerIron ADXs available session capacity tolerance
Site ServerIron ADXs FlashBack speed
Site ServerIron ADXs administrative preference
The least response selection
Round robin selection
Page
Minimum required configuration
FIGURE 2
Controller SI Site SI
Minimum required configuration
Syntax: show gslb policy
Configuring GSLB 1
Configuring GSLB
TABLE 1
Feature See page...
TABLE 1
Proxy for DNS server
Adding a source IP address
Configuring real server and virtual server for the DNS server
Enabling the GSLB protocol
Configuring a site
Specifying site locations
Specifying GSLB controller locations
Configuring a zone
Applying GSLB to CNAME records
Configuring HTTP health check parameters
Configuring DNS domain name aliases
Configuring null host names
Configuration example
Private VIPs for GSLB
FIGURE 3
Configuring a public IP address for a VIP
SI SI
Private VIP display information
Displaying GSLB IP information
Configuring GSLB protocol parameters
Changing the protocol port number
Changing the GSLB protocol update period
Modifying GSLB parameters related to DNS responses
Page
Page
Page
Changing the GSLB policy metrics
Configuring GSLB protocol parameters 1
TABLE 2
Configuring GSLB protocol parameters
Changing the order of GSLB policy metrics
Disabling or re-enabling individual GSLB policy metrics
Clearing DNS selection counters
Implementing the weighted IP metric
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
Page
Implementing the weighted site metric
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
Page
Page
Implementing the active bindings metric
Page
GSLB active bindings enhancements
Configuring connection load parameters
Changing the session-table capacity threshold and tolerance values
Changing the FlashBack tolerance values
Modifying round-trip time values
Page
Page
Enabling default geographic location
Secure GSLB
Initial session key generation
RSA challenge dialogue
GSLB message content randomization
Configuring secure GSLB
Configuring secure-communication on the controller
Generating RSA key pair
Exchanging public keys
Page
Selecting a peer public key management option
Regenerating the session keys
Manually regenerating the session keys
Dynamically regenerating the session keys
Minimum GSLB configuration
Site persistence in GSLB using stickiness
Algorithm
Enabling sticky GSLB
Allowing sticky sessions for a specific prefix length
Configuring the sticky GSLB session life time
Displaying current sticky GSLB sessions
Site persistence in GSLB using stickiness 1
Sticky GSLB counters
Deleting sticky GSLB session for a specific client
Deleting all sticky GSLB sessions
Site persistence in GSLB using hashing
Enabling hash-based GSLB persistence
Displaying the hash table
Hashing scheme
IP address allocation
IP address failure or removal from domain
Rehash: new IP address for a domain or change of state
Disabling rehash
Hash-persist hold-down: boot up considerations if rehash disabled
Manually forcing rehash for a domain
Site persistence in GSLB using hashing 1
Syntax: clear gslb phash zone-name <zone-name> host-name <host-name>
Show commands
Weighted distribution of sites with hash-based persistence
Overview of distribution of sites with hash-based persistence
GSLB hash-based persistence
GSLB weighted hash-based persistence
Hashing scheme
IP address allocation
IP address failure or removal from domain
Rehashing for new IP address for a domain or state change from down to up
Disabling rehash on introduction of new IP addresses or state change from down to healthy
Rehash: change in hash weight
Disabling rehash on change in hash weight configuration
Configuring distribution of sites with hash-based persistence
Enabling weighted hash-based GSLB persistence
GSLB hash based site persistence with configurable subnet mask length
Configuring weights for domain IP addresses
Disabling rehash on introduction of new IP addresses or state change from down to healthy
Disable rehash when weight for an IP is changed
Hash persist hold down timer
Manually forcing rehash for a domain
Clear GSLB phash counters
Show commands
Debug command
Displaying the contents of active RTT cache entries
Affinity
FIGURE 5
Defining the affinity
Displaying RTT prefix cache entries
Displaying affinity selection counters
GSLB domain-level affinity
Overview of GSLB domain-level affinity
Command line interface
Creating a domain-level affinity group
Specifying affinities definitions for the domain-level affinity group
Configuring an affinity for prefix 0.0.0.0/0
Associating the domain-level group with a domain
Show commands
Debug command
DNS cache proxy
Enabling DNS cache proxy
Displaying DNS cache proxy state
Displaying DNS cache proxy statistics
Combining the DNS cache proxy and DNS override features
GSLB DNS type any query
Transparent DNS query intercept
FIGURE 6
Redirecting queries
Page
Redirecting queries and perform GSLB
Responding to queries directly
Displaying transparent DNS query intercept statistics
Enabling DNS request logging
TABLE 7
Support for the RTT metric
TABLE 8
BP support as GSLB agent
Distributed health checks for GSLB
Disabling the distributed health check feature for an individual site ServerIron ADX
Enabling the distributed health check feature for an individual site ServerIron ADX
Disabling or re-enabling distributed health check
Clearing the distributed health check settings for a site ServerIron ADX
Configuring the health status reporting interval
Configuring the agent health report interval
Debugging the distributed health check
Impact of distributed health checks on the Flashback metric
Configuration examples
FIGURE 7
Page
DNSSEC
FIGURE 8
Page
DNSSEC
Verification with DIG
The following example shows dig being used to validate a DNSSEC response.
DNSSEC GSLB in DNS proxy mode
Cache proxy mode
Configuring DNSSEC for GSLB
Configuring a zone for DNSSEC
Configuring a backend ADNS server as DNNSEC capable
Configuring load balancing of plain DNS request across all servers
Displaying DNSSEC configuration
Displaying DNSSEC statistics
Host-level policies for site selection
Global vs host-level policy
Configuring host-level policies
Defining a name for a host-level GSLB policy
Configuring the parameters for the host-level policy
Page
Page
Page
Applying a host-level policy to a GSLB host
Displaying host-level policy information
Displaying a host-level policy
Host-level policies for site selection
Displaying all GSLB policies
Syntax: show gslb policy host-policy-all
To view all defined host-level policies, enter the following command.
Displaying the policy used for hosts
Displaying the number of host-level policies
Deleting GSLB host-level policies
Deleting a policy that is not applied to a host
Configuration example
Geographic region for a prefix
How geographic location is determined
Configuring a geographic prefix
Displaying the number of geographic prefixes
Displaying information about geographic prefix
Example configuration
Smoothing mechanism for RTT measurements
Configuring enhanced RTT smoothing
Parameters to smooth RTT variances
Enabling enhanced RTT smoothing
Disabling enhanced RTT smoothing
Configuring the parameters
Page
Page
Smoothing mechanism for RTT measurements 1
Example
Smoothing mechanism for RTT measurements
Determining if the new RTT smoothing mechanism is enabled
Round-trip times
Passive RTT gathering
FIGURE 9
Active RTT gathering
FIGURE 10
Support for both active and passive RTT
Active RTT gathering issues and trade-offs
Enabling active RTT
Discarding passive RTT
Disabling passive RTT gathering
Configuring active RTT parameters
Configuring active RTT query message interval
Specifying how often to report the active RTT
Configuring the cache interval for active RTT prefix
Configuring the active RTT refresh interval
Setting the RTT algorithm modes
Page
Probes for RTT gathering
Accepting DNS RTT measurements
Enabling the DNS prober
Sending DNS probes on a different port
Aging out prefixes when ICMP probe fails
Aging out prefixes when DNS probe fails
Active RTT gathering and high availability support
Displaying RTT information
Displaying the RTT gathering mechanism
Round-trip times 1
Displaying the active RTT gathering configuration
To view the active RTT gathering configuration parameters, enter the following command.
TABLE 9
Round-trip times
Displaying the RTT information of a client IP address
Syntax: show gslb cache <ip-address>
TABLE 9
Page
Round-trip times
Displaying the RTT algorithm mode
To display the RTT algorithm mode, enter the following command.
For example, enter a command such as the following:
GSLB affinity for high availability
Configuring an HA group
Enabling dynamic detection
Displaying HA information
Displaying all HA groups
Displaying the HA peer for a site
Displaying the dynamically detected HA pairs
FIGURE 11
GSLB optimization
Optimized VIP list processing
Increased VIP support per site and reduced CPU usage on GSLB controller
Page
GSLB optimization
Configuration example
On controller ServerIron ADX, configure the following commands.
On the site ServerIron ADX, configure the following commands.
Guidelines and recommendations for using this feature
Displaying GSLB information
Displaying site information
The following example shows information displayed when the connection-load metric is enabled.
Syntax: show gslb site [<name>] The <name> parameter specifies a site name.
The show gslb site display shows the following information.
TABLE 10
Displaying real server information
TABLE 10
Displaying DNS zone and hosts
TABLE 11
Displaying detailed DNS information
TABLE 11
TABLE 12
Displaying metric information
Displaying the default GSLB policy
To display the default GSLB policy, enter the following command.
Syntax: show gslb default This display shows the following information.
TABLE 13
Displaying the user-configured GSLB policy
TABLE 13
Displaying RTT information
TABLE 14
Displaying GSLB resources
TABLE 15
Displaying dynamic server information
TABLE 15
Displaying dynamic real server information
Displaying virtual server information
Displaying the port bindings
Listing the real servers
Specifying the source IP of probes
Displaying information in the prefix cache
Page
SNMP traps and syslog messages
Syslog messages
Disabling and re-enabling traps
GSLB error handling for unsupported DNS requests
Default settings for GSLB error handling
Using GSLB error handling with transparent intercept mode
Error handling response format
Disable or re-enabling GSLB error handling
Configuring the return code
Viewing error handling statistics
Clearing the error handling statistics
Page
Chapter
Global Server Load Balancing for IPv6
Global server load balancing for IPv6 overview
GSLB for IPv6 feature support
Modes
Policy metrics
Features
Secure GSLB
GSLB for IPv6 example
FIGURE 12
Basic GSLB for IPv6 configuration
TABLE 16
Configuring the GSLB controller
Adding a VIP for the ADNS server
Enabling DNS cache proxy
Enabling DNS override
Configuring zones
Specifying DNS override IP lists
Configuring sites
Site ServerIron ADX configuration
Enabling the GSLB protocol
Basic configuration example
Configuration on GSLB ServerIron ADX (GSLB controller)
Configuration on site ServerIron ADXs
Advanced GSLB configuration for IPv6
TABLE 17
Advanced GSLB configuration for IPv6
Configuring GSLB policy metrics for IPv6
TABLE 18
TABLE 17
Feature See page...
Advanced GSLB configuration for IPv6 2
TABLE 18
Advanced GSLB configuration for IPv6
You can change the order in which the GSLB ServerIron ADX applies the policy metrics.
Changing the order of GSLB for IPv6 policy metrics
TABLE 18
Page
Resetting GSLB policy metrics
Disabling or re-enabling individual GSLB policy metrics
Server (host) health metric
Weighted IP metric
Enabling the weighted IP metric
Specifying the weight of IP addresses in the IP list
Weighted site metric
TABLE 19
DNS response processing
Traffic distribution specifications
TABLE 20
Configuring weighted site metrics
Session capacity threshold metric
Active bindings metric
DNS response processing
Enabling active bindings
Configuring weighted active bindings
Using minimum active bindings
Tracking an application port for active bindings
Geographic location metric
Configuring a geographic prefix
Specifying site locations
Specifying GSLB controller locations
Enabling default geographic location
Available session capacity metric
FlashBack speed metric
Administrative preference metric
Configuring administrative preference for a site
Least response selection metric
Round robin selection metric
Sticky persistence for IPv6
Enabling sticky persistence for IPv6
Specifying sticky session prefix lengths
Specifying sticky session life times
Deleting sticky sessions
High availability considerations for IPv6 sticky persistence
Hash-based persistence for IPv6
Specifying hash-based persistence prefix lengths
Manually forcing a rehash for a domain
Weighted hash-based persistence for IPv6
Enabling weighted hash-based GSLB persistence
GSLB hash-based persistence with configurable subnet mask length
Configuring weights for domain IP addresses
Disabling rehash on introduction of new IP addresses or state change from down to healthy
Disabling rehash when weight for an IP is changed
Hash persist hold down timer
Configuring DNS response parameters
Configuring an active-only policy
Configuring a best-only policy
GSLB of ANY queries
Displaying GSLB for IPv6 configurations
Show commands for basic GSLB configurations
Displaying DNS cache proxy statistics
TABLE 21
Displaying the default GSLB policy
TABLE 22
TABLE 22
Displaying the user-configured GSLB policy
TABLE 22
Displaying information about a geographic prefix
Displaying results of traffic distribution for weighted sites
The first example shows the first two sites. The second example shows the third site.
Displaying DNS zone and hosts
TABLE 23
TABLE 23
Clearing DNS selection counters
Displaying detailed DNS information
Displaying site information
TABLE 24
The show gslb site sunnyvale command returns the following information:
TABLE 25
Syntax: show gslb site [<site-name>] The <site-name> parameter specifies a site name.
Show commands for advanced features
Displaying the hash table
TABLE 25
Clearing GSLB phash counters
Troubleshooting GSLB for IPv6 configurations
Displaying GSLB debug counters
TABLE 26
Troubleshooting GSLB for IPv6 configurations 2
Troubleshooting GSLB for IPv6 configurations
Troubleshooting IPv6 lists
Debug trace for GSLB
Page
Appendix
A
Reference Materials
RFC
IPv4
IPv6
DNS
DNS A
DNS
IPv6 address assignment
TABLE 28
DNS A