Intel SA-1100 manual Pixels Per Line PPL, Horizontal Sync Pulse Width HSW, 11-34

Peripheral Control Module

11.7.4LCD Controller Control Register 1

LCD controller control register 1 (LCCR1) contains four bit fields that are used as modulus values for a collection of down counters, each of which performs a different function to control the timing of several of the LCD’s pins.

11.7.4.1Pixels Per Line (PPL)

The pixels per line (PPL) bit-field is used to specify the number of pixels in each line or row on the screen. PPL is a 10-bit value that represents between 16 and 1024 pixels per line. PPL is used to count the correct number of pixel clocks that must occur before the line clock can be asserted. The user should program PPL with the desired number of pixels per line minus 16. Note that the bottom four bits of PPL are not implemented and therefore are not writable. Reads of these bits return zeros because the LCD controller only supports displays that are a multiple of 16 pixels wide.

Many displays exist that are not a multiple of 16, but are able to ignore added pixels at the end of each line. For example, if the display being controlled is 250 pixels wide, the nearest greater multiple of 16 is 256. The user should program PPL to 256-16 = 240 (10’h0F0). In this case, the user must also add the appropriate number of “dummy” pixel values (between 1 and 15) to the frame buffer. Again, for a 250 pixel wide display, and if 4-bit/pixel mode is used, each line is 250 nibbles or 125 bytes in length. The next nearest pixel boundary occurs at 256 pixels or nibbles (128 bytes). Thus the user must start each new line in the frame buffer at multiples of 128 bytes by adding an extra 6 “dummy” pixels per line (3 bytes). Note that the user must also ensure that the display that is being controlled will ignore any additional pixel clocks at the end of each line because these “dummy” pixel values will be output to the display and the pixel clock will continue to transition until the PPL+16 value is reached.

11.7.4.2Horizontal Sync Pulse Width (HSW)

The 6-bit horizontal sync pulse width (HSW) field is used to specify the pulse width of the line clock in passive mode or horizontal synchronization pulse in active mode. L_LCLK is asserted each time a line or row of pixels is output to the display and a programmable number of pixel clock waitstates have elapsed. When line clock is asserted, the value in HSW is transferred to a 6-bit down counter, which uses the programmed pixel clock frequency to decrement. When the counter reaches zero, the line clock is negated. HSW can be programmed to generate a line clock pulse width ranging from 1 to 64 pixel clock periods. The user should program HSW with the desired number of pixel clocks minus one. Note that the pixel clock does not transition during the line clock pulse in passive display mode, but does transition in active display mode. Also note that the polarity (active and inactive state) of the line clock pin is programmed using the horizontal sync polarity (HSP) bit in LCCR3.

11.7.4.3End-of-Line Pixel Clock Wait Count (ELW)

The 8-bit end-of-line pixel clock wait count (ELW) field is used to specify the number of “dummy” pixel clocks to insert at the end of each line or row of pixels before pulsing the line clock pin. Once a complete line of pixels is transmitted to the LCD driver, the value in ELW is used to count the number of pixel clocks to wait before pulsing the line clock. ELW generates a wait period ranging from 1 to 256 pixel clock cycles. The user should program ELW with the desired number of pixel clocks minus one. Note that the pixel clock pin, L_PCLK, does not transition during the these “dummy” pixel clock cycles in passive display mode (pixel clock transitions continuously in active display mode).

11-34 SA-1100 Developer’s Manual