Programming Fundamentals

Overview of the RS-232 Bus

Data Transfer Errors

The serial interface can generate several types of errors when certain conditions are encountered while receiving data from the peripheral device. Errors can be generated by any of the following conditions:

Parity error. The parity bit on an incoming character does not match the parity expected by the receiver. This condition is most commonly caused by line noise.

Framing error. Start and stop bits do not match the timing expectations of the receiver. This can occur when line noise causes the receiver to miss the start bit or obscures the stop bits.

Overrun error. Incoming data buffer overrun caused a loss of one or more data characters. This is usually caused when data is received by the interface, but no ENTER statement has been activated to input the information.

Break received. A BREAK was sent to the interface by the peripheral device. The desktop computer program must be able to properly interpret the meaning of a break and take appropriate action.

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Chapter 2

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Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA manual Data Transfer Errors

E4406A VSA specifications

The Agilent Technologies E4406A Vector Signal Analyzer (VSA) is a sophisticated instrument designed for the analysis of complex signals. This versatile device is widely used in various fields, including telecommunications, broadcasting, and aerospace, thanks to its high-performance capabilities and advanced features.

One of the standout characteristics of the E4406A is its ability to analyze digital modulation schemes. It supports a wide range of formats, including 2G, 3G, 4G, and emerging standards, providing a comprehensive tool for engineers and researchers working with modern communication systems. The VSA is particularly valued for its flexibility in signal analysis, allowing users to capture and demodulate signals in real-time.

The E4406A utilizes advanced measurement technologies that ensure precise signal analysis. With a frequency range from 50 kHz to 6 GHz, the VSA can handle various applications, making it a suitable choice for both R&D and production testing. The instrument employs digital signal processing techniques, enabling high-resolution measurements and exceptional dynamic range. This ensures accurate interpretation of signals, even in the presence of noise or interference.

Another significant feature of the E4406A is its user-friendly interface. The combination of a graphical display and intuitive controls allows users to visualize complex waveforms and spectra easily. The software capabilities of the E4406A further enhance its usability, providing various analysis options including error vector magnitude (EVM), adjacent channel power (ACP), and spectrum occupancy. These tools allow engineers to diagnose issues rapidly and efficiently optimize their designs.

The modularity of the E4406A is a key aspect of its design. Users can upgrade their instrument with various option packs and software for specific applications, making it adaptable to a variety of testing scenarios. This flexibility ensures that the VSA remains relevant as technology evolves and new standards emerge.

In conclusion, the Agilent E4406A Vector Signal Analyzer stands out due to its combination of advanced measurement capabilities, user-friendly interface, and adaptability. Its extensive feature set makes it an essential tool for professionals involved in the development and testing of modern communication systems. Whether for research, design validation, or quality control, the E4406A delivers high-performance signal analysis that meets the demands of today's fast-paced technology landscape.