1405000 0E-06 2410538 PN23, Delay/ Memory | Tektronix 071-0590-00

Functional Overview

Analyzer (RX) Display

Like the Generator, the Analyzer has a two-line by 24-character high-contrast liquid crystal display (LCD).The Analyzer display in its normal (non-menu) mode is illustrated in the figure below.

Frequency (kHz)		Error Rate		Totalize
1405000		5.0E-06		2410538
1.2 ns		PN23		-0.05 V
Delay/ Memory

Figure 2-8. Analyzer Display in Its Normal (Non-menu) Mode

Like the Generator, the Analyzer has a two-line by 24-character high-contrast liquid crystal display (LCD). The function of each field in the normal Analyzer display format -that is the format used when the Analyzer is not in the menu mode -is described below:

∙The top left section of the Analyzer display is used to show the measured frequency of the input clock signal in MHz. For example a display of

6 2 2 . 0 5 indicates a measured frequency of 622.05 MHz. Note that the Analyzer frequency display contains five significant digits while the Generator frequency display contains six. This is because the frequency shown in the Analyzer display is a measurement result while the frequency shown in the Generator display is an instrument setup which is known with more precision.

∙The top middle and top right sections of the display normally show measured bit error rate and bit errors respectively. BER is expressed in exponential or "E" notation. For example, a display of 1.5E-09 indicates a measured BER of 1.5 x 10-9. The Analyzer calculates BER and counts bit errors in three modes simultaneously: Window, Test, and Totalize. The symbol in front of the BER field indicates which mode has been selected for display. Window results are preceded by a blank space, that is no symbol. Totalize results will be preceded by an ∞ (infinity) symbol. Test results will be preceded by a T, U, or R depending on the selected test mode: timed, untimed, or repeat. Refer to Chapter 4 for more information on displaying Analyzer results and starting and stopping tests.

GB1400 User Manual

2-7

Image 33

Tektronix 071-0590-00 1405000 0E-06 2410538 PN23, Analyzer RX Display, Frequency kHz Error Rate Totalize, Delay/ Memory

Contents

This document supports firmware version 2.2 and above Page Warranty TEK-WIDE How to Reach Customer Service Table of Contents Tutorial Table of Contents Menus Theory of Operation Glossary Glossary-1 Index Index-1 Gpib List of Figures List of Tables Safety Behavior of Outputs Turning Power On or Off SMA ConnectorsDo Not Remove Instrument Covers Static Sensitive Device Notice Conventions How This Manual is Organized Related Manuals Xvi Getting Started Features GB1400 Pattern Generator and Error Detector Applications Symmetrical, Low-Jitter Output WaveformsPrbs Or User-Defined Test Patterns Sample Applications Auto Search For Easy Setup Adjustable Inputs For Maximum FlexibilityPowerful Analysis And Reporting Functions Burst Mode GigaBERT GB1400 Ordering InformationGB1400T GB1400R GB Comparison GB660/CSA907A GB700 GB1400 Feature Tx and Rx GB1400 with Burst Option GB1400 Instrument Configurations Standard and Burst Option Procedure Initial Self-Check ProcedurePage Operating Basics Functional Overview Example, Bert Application Bert Basics GB1400 Clock Data Front Panel, GB1400 Generator Tx Controls, Indicators and Connectors Front Panel, GB1400 Analyzer RX 1405000 PN23 Display FormatsGenerator Tx Display Frequency kHz Pattern Output Delay/ Memory Frequency kHz Error Rate Totalize1405000 0E-06 2410538 PN23 Analyzer RX DisplayPage Generator Output Connectors Section Outputs and Inputs= clock bar = not clock Generator Clock Section Generator Output Section Changing the Line Fuse Generator Rear Panel Analyzer Input Section Analyzer Monitor Section Analyzer Rear Panel Connectors, Terminations, and Levels DATA/DATA BAR Power Switches Controls and IndicatorsReset to Factory Default View Angle and Panel Lock Keys Gpib Section Controls Pattern Controls and Function Keys Analyzer Inputs Function Soft Keys F1, F2, F3, and F4 Generator Error Inject Section Affected Input Allowable Control Sync Loss Analyzer Error History Section Analyzer Sync Controls Analyzer Error Detection Section Burst Mode Option Specifications for Burst Mode Burst Mode Usage Data Value Transmitter Burst Mode Option Display Setting Pecl Option for GB1400 TxECL Levels Pecl Levels Key Feature of Tutorial Basic Bert testing with the GB1400Objective of Tutorial Equipment Required Instrument Connections and Controls Setup units with default settings Connect the Generator to the Analyzer Setup Generator for PRBS-23 Mode Setup Analyzer for AUTO-SEARCH Operation Turn off Auto Search and change Generator Outputs Change the Prbs pattern type Key several times to setup the analyzer for totalize Your data signal Data signal not detected. SelectedError Rate display shows no Data or a 50% Error Rate You are starting to detect the data signal This Concludes the Tutorial Two Auto Search Synchronization Methods Applications Phase Application Note Auto Search Synchronization Auto Search will find the Data Delay Auto Search Algorithm Fast MethodAuto Search will find the Data V-THRESHOLD voltage II. Auto Search Algorithm BER Method Auto Search will find the Data Pattern and PolarityAuto Search will then attempt to find the Data Pattern Auto Search will determine the Data Delay Page Delay Specifications Consideration In Determining The Eye Data WidthConsideration In Determining The Data Eye Center Fiber Optic Link Test Example GB700/ GB1400 Optical Component Test Fibre Channel Link Testing Parallel and High-speed Serial Qpsk Testing Qpsk Modems, I & Q Channel Bert Qpsk BER Testing using Prbs Data for 2-Channel I & Q Application Example Reference Menu Overview Turning Instrument Power ON/OFFFunctions Common to Generator TX and Analyzer RX Selecting 115 VAC or 230 VAC Operation Selecting a Pattern Recalling the Default SetupLocking the Front Panel Pattern Definitions Selecting Prbs Patterns Selecting the Active PatternSelecting the Current Word Pattern Prbs 2n-1 Test Patterns Word Selecting RECALLing a Saved Word Pattern Word Patterns Creating Word Patterns Using Front Panel ControlsBasics Standard Instruments Instruments Equipped with 1-Mbit Option Creating Word Patterns Using Menus Length FillOrder Creating Word Patterns Under Remote Control Recalling Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory Option Saving Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory Option Clock Source and Frequency Generator TX FunctionsExternal Clock Input Clock Source Recalling a Frequency Saving a Frequency Overview Data and Clock Outputs Generator Clock and Data Output Equivalent Circuits Amplitude and Baseline Offset Output Setup Rules vs. Termination Impedance Logically Inverting Output Data D-INV Procedure for Differential Operation TX only Procedure for Single-ended Operation TX onlySingle-ended or Differential Operation Pattern Sync and CLOCK/4 Outputs Selecting an Error Inject Mode Error Injection Error Inject Input Procedure to Control Error Injection ModeData Inhibit Logic Disable Key Automatic Setup Functions SyncAnalyzer RX Functions Auto Search Key Auto Search With Prbs Patterns Actions Taken by Analyzer when Synchronization is Lost How to Disable Automatic Pattern Resynchronization Relationship between Auto Search and DisableAuto Search with Non-PRBS Patterns Procedure to Set Sync Threshold Synchronization Lock ThresholdSynchronization Threshold Input Parameters Clock, Data, and Reference Data Inputs How F2 and F3 Determine Which Input Can be Set Up Input Data DelayProcedure to Add Delay Controls Procedure for Selecting Input Termination Input TerminationInput Terminations for CLOCK, DATA, and REF Data Input Decision Threshold Logically Inverting Input DataInput Threshold Range as a Function of Termination Selecting the Reference Data Mode Procedure for Selecting the Reference Data ModeSingled-ended or Differential Operation Monitor Outputs Output Setup BER Error Detection Set Up How Window Results Are Measured How Totalize Results are Measured Window Measurement Process How Test Results Are Measured Test Measurement Process Totalize Process Set Up Display Mode Totalize, Window, or TestProcedure to Select a Results Display Mode How to Tell Which Display Mode is Active Procedure Window Process Set Up Test Process Set Up Procedure to View Desired BER and Bit Error Results BER and Bit ErrorsViewing Results All Other Results Test Process only Printing Results Reports Basic Report Setup Procedure Example Analyzer Setup Report Analyzer Setup Report Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Test Reports End-of-Test ReportsExample End-of-Test Report Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Window Reports End-of-Window ReportsExample End-of-Window Report Example On-Error Report On-Error ReportsProcedure to Enable On-Error Reports Procedure to Generate an On-Demand Test Summary Report Result Definitions BER = TE / TBAll Other Results Test Intervals Only ES = TSE US Analyzer performance history indicators are Error History IndicatorsLocated in the Error History section of the front Panel. These indicators will latch on when the indicated Procedure To Set Up the Audio Alert Function Analyzer Error MessagesClear Control Audio Beeper Function Procedure for Starting the Test Measurement Process Procedure for Stopping the Test ProcessStarting and Stopping Measurements Starting New Totalize and Window Measurement Intervals Example Procedure Illustrating Menus and Functions Functions Performed Using the Menu SystemMenus Menu and Function Pages More Length Mode Report F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = Untimed F1ESC F4SET Reports on = EOT/ERROR General Rules for Using the Menu System 10. Menu Descriptions Menu Summaries 11. Analyzer Menu System Overview Word 12. Generator Menu System Overview Menu Function Definitions Word AT ddddd = bbbbbbbb F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SETWord Edit Edit Format F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET LENmmmmm Bytes + n Bits Word Length LengthWord Length Word Fill Fill Fill Word Memory WITHhh F1ESC F4SET Word Order = ccc First Word Order OrderWord Order Word Sync Thres LEVEL= d Word Synchronization Threshold SyncWord Sync Buffer Buffer Fast BER Auto F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Test Length = hhmmss Test Length LengthTest Length F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = ccccccc Test Mode ModeTest Mode F1ESC F4SET Reports on = ccccccccc Test Reports ReportTest Report F1ESC F4SET Error Threshold = eeeee Test Threshold ThresTest Thres On Error Squelch = ccc Test Squelch SquelTest Squel Test Print Test Print Print F1ESC F4SET result namecount % Test View Previous VIEW-PRETest VIEW-PRE Test VIEW-CUR Test View Current VIEW-CUR F1ESC F4SET Window Mode = ccccccc Window Mode ModeWindow Mode F1ESC F4SET Window LEN = 1.0eEE Bits FormatWindow Interval in Bits Bits Window Bits F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Window LEN = hhmmss Window Interval in HrsMinSec SecondWindow Second END of Window Print = ccc Window Reports ReportWindow Report Baud = dddd RS-232 Baud Rate BaudBaud F1ESC F4SET Parity = cccc RS-232 Parity ParityParity Size = d RS-232 Data Bits SizeSize F1ESC F4SET EOL = ccccc RS-232 End-of-Line Char. EOLEOL F1ESC F4SET XON/XOFF Enable = ccc RS-232 Xon/Xoff XON/XOFFXON/XOFF F1ESC F4SET RS232 Echo Enable = ccc RS-232 Echo EchoEcho F1ESC F4SET Terminator = cccccc Util Option Utility Option Option Util VER Utility Version VER F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Date = mmm dd yy Time Option DateDate F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Time = hhmmss Time Option TimeTime Reference Appendices Internal Clock Source GB1400 Generator TXExternal Clock Source SMA Data Output True and Complement Data Patterns Error Injection Rear Panel Auxiliary Outputs Phase A, Phase B, Clock/2Clock Output True and Complement NRZ-L AC-Power Requirements RS-232 and Gpib InterfacesMechanical GB1400 Analyzer Clock InputData Input Reference Data Input Synchronization AUX BER Measurements Printer Interface Specifications Bert Primer/ Technical Articles Bert Definition Bert used to test physical layerBert Building Blocks Prbs Patterns Bert Pattern Generation Prbs Doutput Prbs Generation Circuits a few sample diagrams Other Tx Patterns Bert Clock Bert Receiver or Error Analyzer ComponentsOutput Amplifiers Data Coding, NRZ Received Data Pattern Reference Error ComparatorData Input Amplifiers BER Computation Stress Testing Confidence Requires Collecting Many ErrorsConfidence Level in BER Measurement Additional Reading Other Bert Features Eye Width MeasurementAuto-Synch Error Insertion Pattern LockPattern Loading Software Jitter Generation Bit error rate testing How long is long enough? BER Ideal pulse Stressing through pattern generation Bert Technical Articles Bert Technical Articles Bert Technical Articles Ensure Accuracy Of Bit-Error Rate Tests Page Bert Supplying Data Patterns Noise-Margin Stressing Μ F Avergage = Average = Page Data Patterns Stored Data patterns for clock recovery stressing Examining Jitter + Peak 2f BΦ θif B Jitter Tolerance Amplitude UI peak-to-peak Frequency Bert Affects Accuracy Abstract Example of Error Rate Measurement = n / T BER Measurement Inaccuracy versus Test Time Inaccuracy 95% = 2 σ / n ≈ 2/ n Reduced Test Time by Stressing Testing for an Upper Limit on Error Rate SNR = 20 log S / N rms Attenuation dB BER Example Example BER Summary Pn = rT n e−rT . n Poisson Error Process BER Biography Type of Commands Starts on Remote Commands Overview DATATHRES? Datathres Command Line Terminator Command Line Rules Setting Arguments Outside of Legal Ranges Command Examples Command Summary Alphabetical Bytesync n Analyzer only Bytesync? Remote Commands Rescurrate? Tse? Ese n Cls Ese? Esr?Idn? Lrn? OpcOpc? Sre n Rst Stb? Sre? Wai Tst?Tse v Analyzer Only Tse? Analyzer Only Tsr? Analyzer Only Datainvert onoff Datainvert?Datapattern prbs word rdata Datapattern? PrbslengthPrbslength? Recallword m Saveword mWordbits l, b1 b2 Wordbits? Wordlength lWordmemlen m, l Wordmemord m, msb lsb Wordmemord?Wordmemord? m Wordmemory? m Wordmemory m, l, b1, b2 Example Wordorder lsb Wordorder msb lsbPage Memory allocation for Word Memory storage Wordorder? Wordmemory? Gpibaddress Gpibaddress?Gpibbus offbus talklisten Rsecho onoff Gpibbus?Rsecho? Rspmtlf onoff Rsprompt s Rspmtlf?Rsxonxoff onoff Rspmtlf on Rsxonxoff? Wordmemory 0, 16, #HAA, #HBB Wordmemory 1, 8, #HF0 Allmem? Header on off Header?Logo? Viewangle Options?Viewangle? Viewangle Clockfreq Clockfreq?Clockmemory? Clockmemory? m Clockmemory m, fClocksource intext Clocksource? Clockstep? ClockstepClockstpup and clockstpdn Clockstpup v and clockstpdn Savefreq m Recallfreq m Amplitude Amplitude?Clockampup and clockampdn Clockampl Clockampup v and clockampdnClockampl? Clockoffup and clockoffdn Clockoffset Clockoffup v and clockoffdnClockoffset? Dataampup and dataampdn Dataampl Dataampup v and dataampdnDataampl? Dataoffup and dataoffdn Dataoffup v and dataoffdn DataoffsetDataoffset? Offset? Offset Errorrate offextrate3rate4rate5rate6rate7 Errorrate?Errorsingle Analyzer Commands Rescurrate? Resbits? Resdm? Resdmper?Resefs? Reserrors? Resefsper?Reselapsed? Reses? Resesper?Reslos? Resphaes? Resses?Ressesper? Resstart? Resstop?Ressync? Restes? Restesper?Restotrate? Resus? Resusper?Totalbits? Totalerror? Totalrate?Totaltime? Clockterm? Clockterm neg2v gnd ac Datadelup and datadeldn Datadelay Datadelay?Datadelup v and datadeldn Dataterm? Dataterm neg2v gnd ac Datathrup and datathrdn Datathrup v and datathrdnDatathres Datathres? Rdatadelup and rdatadeldnRdatadelup v and rdatadeldn Rdatadelay? RdatadelayRdataterm neg2v gnd ac Rdataterm? Rdatathrup and rdatathrdn Rdatathrup v and rdatathrdnRdatathres Rdatathres? Autosearch? Autosearch auto off disab Automode? Automode ber, fast Autosample? Autosample n Autothresh n Autothresh?Autowidth? Errorreset Dispselect total window testDispselect? Histryclear Histrybits? Histrypower? Histryphase?Histryphase on Histrystat? Sync? Histrysync? Testdiscard Testlength tTestlength? Testmode untimedtimedrepeat Testmode?Testprev currentprevious Testreport eotonerrorbothnone Testprev?Testprint Testreport? Testsquelch onoffTestsquelch? Teststate? Teststate runstop Testthres? Testthres Winbitlen Winerror?Winbitlen? Winbits? Winmode? Winmode bitssecWinprev currentprevious Winprev? Winrate? Winreport onoffWinreport? Winseclen s Winseclen?Wintime? Printenable onoff Printenable?Printport parallel gpib serial Printport? Printstring sPrintport Parallel Audioratup and audioratdn Audioratup v and audioratdnAudiorate Audiorate? AudiovolAudiovol? Audiovolup v and audiovoldn Audiovolup and audiovoldn Date? Date yyyy-mm-dd Time? Time s MB Option Commands Byteblock a, i, b1, ..., bn Byteblock? a Bytedelete a Byteedit? a Byteedit a, b1 Byteinsert a, i, b1, ..., bn Bytefill i, b1, b2, ..., bn Bytelength? Bytelength m, n Bytemode? Bytemode n Bytesync n Analyzer only Ratio errors/bitsBytesync? Analyzer only Level Editbegin n Editend n Editcntrl? 102 Gpib Interface Device Settings Using the Gpib Interface Gpib Connector Pin-Outs Programming Gpib Remote CommandsInterface Functions Gpib Numeric Responses Gpib Status ReportingStatus Byte Service Request Enable Service Request SRQStandard Event Status Register Standard Event Status Enable Register Test Status Event Enable Register Analyzer onlyTest Status Event Register Analyzer only Additional SRQ Gpib Commands Rx only Gpib Common CommandsPower-on settings IEEE-488.2 Programming Manual Requirements Overlapped vs. Sequential Commands Specific Command ImplementationsFunctional Elements Self Test Query RS-232 Interface Device Settings Using the RS-232 Interface Option RS-232 Interface Hardware/ Handshaking Considerations RS-232 Interface Testing Programming RS-232C Remote Commands RS-232C Error Messages Using GPIB, RS-232 Customer Acceptance Test For GB1400 Generator & Analyzer Performance Verification Functional Test Setup for Functional Test of Standard Instrument Confirmation of Frequency Function Confirmation of Generator Output Data Level Change Confirmation of Error Injection Rates Confirmation of Selectable Analyzer Terminations Performance Verification Confirmation of Buttons and Indicators Panel Lock On OFF Addr How to Recall Factory Default Settings Returning to Factory Default SettingsUsing Front Panel Controls Via Remote Control Generator TX Factory Default Settings Data PatternCLOCK/ Data Outputs EOI/LF Remote InterfacesCR/LF Misc Analyzer RX Factory Default Settings Error BeeperAuto Search/Pattern Synchronization Printer Time and DateCurrent BER Test Parameters Misc Cleaning the Exterior Cleaning the CRTCleaning the Interior Cleaning Instructions Pattern Editor Requirements and Features What is MLPE?Before You Begin Minimum Requirements List of Features List of Files on this Disk If you are using an alternate shell, such as Norton Desktop RS-232 Cabling Page Page Read Before Opening Sealed Wrapper Pattern Editing Software Pattern Editing Software Pattern Editing Software Design Overview PLL Clock Source PCBData Generator PCB Data and Clock Output Amplifier PCB Input Amplifier PCB GB1400 Analyzer RX Error Counter PCB Common to both GB1400 TX and GB1400 RXFront Panel PCB GB1400 Tx Figure I-2. Block Diagram GB1400 RX Glossary/ Index Address Bit ErrorAnalog-to-Digital Converter Attenuation Bit Rate Error DetectionByte Channel Multi-Channel Cable Residual error rateNoise RS-232C Glossary-4 Appendices Auto Search Figures Index-3 Tables