This document supports firmware version 2.2 and above
Page
 Warranty
 TEK-WIDE
How to Reach Customer Service
 Table of Contents
 Tutorial
 Table of Contents
 Menus
 Theory of Operation Glossary Glossary-1 Index Index-1
Gpib
 List of Figures
 List of Tables
 Safety
 Behavior of Outputs Turning Power On or Off
SMA Connectors
Do Not Remove Instrument Covers
Static Sensitive Device Notice
 Conventions
How This Manual is Organized
 Related Manuals
 Xvi
 Getting Started
 Features
GB1400 Pattern Generator and Error Detector
 Applications
Symmetrical, Low-Jitter Output Waveforms
Prbs Or User-Defined Test Patterns
Sample Applications
 Auto Search For Easy Setup
Adjustable Inputs For Maximum Flexibility
Powerful Analysis And Reporting Functions
Burst Mode
 GigaBERT GB1400
Ordering Information
GB1400T
GB1400R
 GB Comparison GB660/CSA907A GB700 GB1400 Feature Tx and Rx
 GB1400 with Burst Option
GB1400 Instrument Configurations Standard and Burst Option
 Procedure
Initial Self-Check Procedure
Page
 Operating Basics
 Functional Overview
 Example, Bert Application
Bert Basics GB1400
 Clock Data
 Front Panel, GB1400 Generator Tx
Controls, Indicators and Connectors
 Front Panel, GB1400 Analyzer RX
 1405000 PN23
Display Formats
Generator Tx Display
Frequency kHz Pattern Output
 Delay/ Memory
Frequency kHz Error Rate Totalize
1405000 0E-06 2410538 PN23
Analyzer RX Display
Page
 = clock bar = not clock
Generator Output Connectors Section
Outputs and Inputs
 Generator Clock Section
 Generator Output Section
 Changing the Line Fuse
Generator Rear Panel
 Analyzer Input Section
 Analyzer Monitor Section
 Analyzer Rear Panel
 Connectors, Terminations, and Levels
 DATA/DATA BAR
 Power Switches
Controls and Indicators
Reset to Factory Default
View Angle and Panel Lock Keys
 Gpib Section Controls
 Pattern Controls and Function Keys
 Analyzer Inputs
Function Soft Keys F1, F2, F3, and F4
 Generator Error Inject Section
 Affected Input Allowable Control
 Sync Loss
Analyzer Error History Section
 Analyzer Sync Controls
Analyzer Error Detection Section
 Burst Mode Option
 Specifications for Burst Mode
Burst Mode Usage
 Data Value
Transmitter Burst Mode Option
 ECL Levels Pecl Levels
Display Setting
Pecl Option for GB1400 Tx
 Key Feature of Tutorial
Basic Bert testing with the GB1400
Objective of Tutorial
Equipment Required
 Instrument Connections and Controls
Setup units with default settings
 Connect the Generator to the Analyzer
Setup Generator for PRBS-23 Mode
 Setup Analyzer for AUTO-SEARCH Operation
 Turn off Auto Search and change Generator Outputs
Change the Prbs pattern type
 Key several times to setup the analyzer for totalize
 Your data signal
Data signal not detected. Selected
Error Rate display shows no Data or a 50% Error Rate
You are starting to detect the data signal
 This Concludes the Tutorial
 Two Auto Search Synchronization Methods
Applications
 Phase
 Application Note Auto Search Synchronization
 Auto Search will find the Data V-THRESHOLD voltage
Auto Search will find the Data Delay
Auto Search Algorithm Fast Method
 Auto Search will then attempt to find the Data Pattern
II. Auto Search Algorithm BER Method
Auto Search will find the Data Pattern and Polarity
 Auto Search will determine the Data Delay
Page
 Consideration In Determining The Data Eye Center
Delay Specifications
Consideration In Determining The Eye Data Width
 Fiber Optic Link Test Example
GB700/ GB1400 Optical Component Test
 Fibre Channel Link Testing Parallel and High-speed Serial
 Qpsk
Testing Qpsk Modems, I & Q
 Channel Bert
Qpsk BER Testing using Prbs Data for 2-Channel I & Q
 Application Example
 Reference
 Menu Overview
Turning Instrument Power ON/OFF
Functions Common to Generator TX and Analyzer RX
Selecting 115 VAC or 230 VAC Operation
 Selecting a Pattern
Recalling the Default Setup
Locking the Front Panel
Pattern Definitions
 Selecting Prbs Patterns
Selecting the Active Pattern
Selecting the Current Word Pattern
Prbs 2n-1 Test Patterns
 Word
Selecting RECALLing a Saved Word Pattern
 Word Patterns
Creating Word Patterns Using Front Panel Controls
Basics
Standard Instruments
 Instruments Equipped with 1-Mbit Option
 Order
Creating Word Patterns Using Menus
Length Fill
 Creating Word Patterns Under Remote Control
 Recalling Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory Option
Saving Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory Option
 Clock Source and Frequency
Generator TX Functions
External Clock Input
Clock Source
 Recalling a Frequency
Saving a Frequency
 Overview
Data and Clock Outputs
 Generator Clock and Data Output Equivalent Circuits
 Amplitude and Baseline Offset
Output Setup Rules vs. Termination Impedance
 Logically Inverting Output Data D-INV
 Procedure for Differential Operation TX only
Procedure for Single-ended Operation TX only
Single-ended or Differential Operation
Pattern Sync and CLOCK/4 Outputs
 Selecting an Error Inject Mode
Error Injection
 Data Inhibit Logic
Error Inject Input
Procedure to Control Error Injection Mode
 Disable Key
Automatic Setup Functions Sync
Analyzer RX Functions
Auto Search Key
 Auto Search With Prbs Patterns
Actions Taken by Analyzer when Synchronization is Lost
 Auto Search with Non-PRBS Patterns
How to Disable Automatic Pattern Resynchronization
Relationship between Auto Search and Disable
 Synchronization Threshold
Procedure to Set Sync Threshold
Synchronization Lock Threshold
 Input Parameters
Clock, Data, and Reference Data Inputs
 How F2 and F3 Determine Which Input Can be Set Up
Input Data Delay
Procedure to Add Delay
Controls
 Input Terminations for CLOCK, DATA, and REF Data
Procedure for Selecting Input Termination
Input Termination
 Input Threshold Range as a Function of Termination
Input Decision Threshold
Logically Inverting Input Data
 Singled-ended or Differential Operation
Selecting the Reference Data Mode
Procedure for Selecting the Reference Data Mode
 Monitor Outputs
Output Setup
 BER
Error Detection Set Up
 How Window Results Are Measured
How Totalize Results are Measured
 Window Measurement Process
How Test Results Are Measured
 Test Measurement Process
 Totalize Process Set Up
Display Mode Totalize, Window, or Test
Procedure to Select a Results Display Mode
How to Tell Which Display Mode is Active
 Procedure
Window Process Set Up
 Test Process Set Up
 Procedure to View Desired BER and Bit Error Results
BER and Bit Errors
Viewing Results
All Other Results Test Process only
 Printing Results Reports
Basic Report Setup Procedure
 Example Analyzer Setup Report
Analyzer Setup Report
 Example End-of-Test Report
Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Test Reports
End-of-Test Reports
 Example End-of-Window Report
Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Window Reports
End-of-Window Reports
 Example On-Error Report
On-Error Reports
Procedure to Enable On-Error Reports
Procedure to Generate an On-Demand Test Summary Report
 All Other Results Test Intervals Only
Result Definitions
BER = TE / TB
 ES = TSE US
 Analyzer performance history indicators are
Error History Indicators
Located in the Error History section of the front
Panel. These indicators will latch on when the indicated
 Procedure To Set Up the Audio Alert Function
Analyzer Error Messages
Clear Control
Audio Beeper Function
 Starting and Stopping Measurements
Procedure for Starting the Test Measurement Process
Procedure for Stopping the Test Process
 Starting New Totalize and Window Measurement Intervals
 Example Procedure Illustrating Menus and Functions
Functions Performed Using the Menu System
Menus
Menu and Function Pages
 More Length Mode Report F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = Untimed
 F1ESC F4SET Reports on = EOT/ERROR
 General Rules for Using the Menu System
 10. Menu Descriptions
Menu Summaries
 11. Analyzer Menu System Overview
 Word
12. Generator Menu System Overview
 Menu Function Definitions
 Word AT ddddd = bbbbbbbb
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET
Word Edit Edit
Format
 Word Length
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET LENmmmmm Bytes + n Bits
Word Length Length
 Word Fill Fill
Fill Word Memory WITHhh
 Word Order
F1ESC F4SET Word Order = ccc First
Word Order Order
 Word Sync
Word Sync Thres LEVEL= d
Word Synchronization Threshold Sync
 Buffer
Buffer
 Fast BER
Auto
 Test Length
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Test Length = hhmmss
Test Length Length
 Test Mode
F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = ccccccc
Test Mode Mode
 Test Report
F1ESC F4SET Reports on = ccccccccc
Test Reports Report
 Test Thres
F1ESC F4SET Error Threshold = eeeee
Test Threshold Thres
 Test Squel
On Error Squelch = ccc
Test Squelch Squel
 Test Print
Test Print Print
 Test VIEW-PRE
F1ESC F4SET result namecount %
Test View Previous VIEW-PRE
 Test VIEW-CUR
Test View Current VIEW-CUR
 Window Mode
F1ESC F4SET Window Mode = ccccccc
Window Mode Mode
 F1ESC F4SET Window LEN = 1.0eEE Bits
Format
Window Interval in Bits Bits
Window Bits
 Window Second
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Window LEN = hhmmss
Window Interval in HrsMinSec Second
 Window Report
END of Window Print = ccc
Window Reports Report
 Baud
Baud = dddd
RS-232 Baud Rate Baud
 Parity
F1ESC F4SET Parity = cccc
RS-232 Parity Parity
 Size
Size = d
RS-232 Data Bits Size
 EOL
F1ESC F4SET EOL = ccccc
RS-232 End-of-Line Char. EOL
 XON/XOFF
F1ESC F4SET XON/XOFF Enable = ccc
RS-232 Xon/Xoff XON/XOFF
 Echo
F1ESC F4SET RS232 Echo Enable = ccc
RS-232 Echo Echo
 F1ESC F4SET Terminator = cccccc
 Util Option
Utility Option Option
 Util VER
Utility Version VER
 Date
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Date = mmm dd yy
Time Option Date
 Time
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Time = hhmmss
Time Option Time
 Reference
 Appendices
 Internal Clock Source
GB1400 Generator TX
External Clock Source
SMA
 Data Output True and Complement
Data Patterns
 Error Injection
Rear Panel Auxiliary Outputs Phase A, Phase B, Clock/2
Clock Output True and Complement
NRZ-L
 Mechanical
AC-Power Requirements
RS-232 and Gpib Interfaces
 Data Input
GB1400 Analyzer
Clock Input
 Reference Data Input
 Synchronization
AUX
 BER
Measurements
 Printer Interface
 Specifications
 Bert Primer/ Technical Articles
 Bert Building Blocks
Bert Definition
Bert used to test physical layer
 Prbs Patterns
Bert Pattern Generation
 Prbs
 Doutput
Prbs Generation Circuits a few sample diagrams
 Other Tx Patterns
 Bert Clock
Bert Receiver or Error Analyzer Components
Output Amplifiers
Data Coding, NRZ
 Received Data Pattern Reference
Error Comparator
Data Input Amplifiers
BER Computation
 Stress Testing
Confidence Requires Collecting Many Errors
Confidence Level in BER Measurement
Additional Reading
 Auto-Synch
Other Bert Features
Eye Width Measurement
 Pattern Loading Software
Error Insertion
Pattern Lock
 Jitter Generation
 Bit error rate testing
 How long is long enough?
 BER
 Ideal pulse
 Stressing through pattern generation
 Bert Technical Articles
 Bert Technical Articles
 Bert Technical Articles
 Ensure Accuracy Of Bit-Error Rate Tests
Page
 Bert
Supplying Data Patterns
 Noise-Margin Stressing
 Μ F Avergage = Average =
Page
 Data Patterns Stored
Data patterns for clock recovery stressing
 Examining Jitter
+ Peak
 2f BΦ θif B
 Jitter Tolerance
Amplitude UI peak-to-peak Frequency
 Bert Affects Accuracy
 Abstract
Example of Error Rate Measurement
 = n / T
BER Measurement Inaccuracy versus Test Time
 Inaccuracy 95% = 2 σ / n ≈ 2/ n
 Reduced Test Time by Stressing
Testing for an Upper Limit on Error Rate
 SNR = 20 log S / N rms
 Attenuation dB
 BER
Example
 Example
 BER
 Summary
 Pn = rT n e−rT . n
Poisson Error Process
 BER
 Biography
 Type of Commands Starts on
Remote Commands
 Overview
 DATATHRES?
Datathres
 Command Line Terminator
Command Line Rules
 Setting Arguments Outside of Legal Ranges
 Command Examples
 Command Summary Alphabetical
 Bytesync n Analyzer only Bytesync?
 Remote Commands
 Rescurrate?
 Tse?
 Ese n
Cls
 Idn?
Ese?
Esr?
 Opc?
Lrn?
Opc
 Sre n
Rst
 Stb?
Sre?
 Wai
Tst?
Tse v Analyzer Only
Tse? Analyzer Only
 Tsr? Analyzer Only
 Datapattern prbs word rdata
Datainvert onoff
Datainvert?
 Prbslength?
Datapattern?
Prbslength
 Wordbits l, b1 b2
Recallword m
Saveword m
 Wordmemlen m, l
Wordbits?
Wordlength l
 Wordmemord? m
Wordmemord m, msb lsb
Wordmemord?
 Wordmemory? m
Wordmemory m, l, b1, b2
 Example Wordorder lsb
Wordorder msb lsb
Page
 Memory allocation for Word Memory storage
Wordorder?
 Wordmemory?
 Gpibbus offbus talklisten
Gpibaddress
Gpibaddress?
 Rsecho onoff
Gpibbus?
Rsecho?
Rspmtlf onoff
 Rsprompt s
Rspmtlf?
Rsxonxoff onoff
Rspmtlf on
 Rsxonxoff?
 Wordmemory 0, 16, #HAA, #HBB Wordmemory 1, 8, #HF0
Allmem?
 Logo?
Header on off
Header?
 Viewangle
Options?
Viewangle?
Viewangle
 Clockmemory?
Clockfreq
Clockfreq?
 Clockmemory? m
Clockmemory m, f
Clocksource intext
Clocksource?
 Clockstep?
Clockstep
Clockstpup and clockstpdn
Clockstpup v and clockstpdn
 Savefreq m
Recallfreq m
 Clockampup and clockampdn
Amplitude
Amplitude?
 Clockampl
Clockampup v and clockampdn
Clockampl?
Clockoffup and clockoffdn
 Clockoffset
Clockoffup v and clockoffdn
Clockoffset?
Dataampup and dataampdn
 Dataampl
Dataampup v and dataampdn
Dataampl?
Dataoffup and dataoffdn
 Dataoffset?
Dataoffup v and dataoffdn
Dataoffset
 Offset?
Offset
 Errorsingle
Errorrate offextrate3rate4rate5rate6rate7
Errorrate?
 Analyzer Commands
 Rescurrate?
Resbits?
 Resefs?
Resdm?
Resdmper?
 Reselapsed?
Reserrors?
Resefsper?
 Reslos?
Reses?
Resesper?
 Ressesper?
Resphaes?
Resses?
 Ressync?
Resstart?
Resstop?
 Restotrate?
Restes?
Restesper?
 Totalbits?
Resus?
Resusper?
 Totaltime?
Totalerror?
Totalrate?
 Clockterm?
Clockterm neg2v gnd ac
 Datadelup and datadeldn
 Datadelup v and datadeldn
Datadelay
Datadelay?
 Dataterm?
Dataterm neg2v gnd ac
 Datathres
Datathrup and datathrdn
Datathrup v and datathrdn
 Rdatadelup v and rdatadeldn
Datathres?
Rdatadelup and rdatadeldn
 Rdatadelay?
Rdatadelay
Rdataterm neg2v gnd ac
Rdataterm?
 Rdatathres
Rdatathrup and rdatathrdn
Rdatathrup v and rdatathrdn
 Rdatathres?
 Autosearch?
Autosearch auto off disab
 Automode?
Automode ber, fast
 Autosample?
Autosample n
 Autowidth?
Autothresh n
Autothresh?
 Dispselect?
Errorreset
Dispselect total window test
 Histryclear
Histrybits?
 Histrypower?
Histryphase?
Histryphase on
Histrystat?
 Sync?
Histrysync?
 Testlength?
Testdiscard
Testlength t
 Testprev currentprevious
Testmode untimedtimedrepeat
Testmode?
 Testprint
Testreport eotonerrorbothnone
Testprev?
 Testsquelch?
Testreport?
Testsquelch onoff
 Teststate?
Teststate runstop
 Testthres?
Testthres
 Winbitlen
Winerror?
Winbitlen?
Winbits?
 Winmode?
Winmode bitssec
Winprev currentprevious
Winprev?
 Winreport?
Winrate?
Winreport onoff
 Wintime?
Winseclen s
Winseclen?
 Printport parallel gpib serial
Printenable onoff
Printenable?
 Printport Parallel
Printport?
Printstring s
 Audiorate
Audioratup and audioratdn
Audioratup v and audioratdn
 Audiovol?
Audiorate?
Audiovol
 Audiovolup v and audiovoldn
Audiovolup and audiovoldn
 Date?
Date yyyy-mm-dd
 Time?
Time s
 MB Option Commands
 Byteblock a, i, b1, ..., bn
 Byteblock? a
 Bytedelete a
 Byteedit? a
Byteedit a, b1
 Byteinsert a, i, b1, ..., bn
Bytefill i, b1, b2, ..., bn
 Bytelength?
Bytelength m, n
 Bytemode?
Bytemode n
 Bytesync n Analyzer only
Ratio errors/bits
Bytesync? Analyzer only
Level
 Editbegin n
 Editend n
Editcntrl?
 102
 Gpib Interface Device Settings
Using the Gpib Interface
 Interface Functions
Gpib Connector Pin-Outs
Programming Gpib Remote Commands
 Status Byte
Gpib Numeric Responses
Gpib Status Reporting
 Standard Event Status Register
Service Request Enable
Service Request SRQ
 Test Status Event Register Analyzer only
Standard Event Status Enable Register
Test Status Event Enable Register Analyzer only
 Additional SRQ Gpib Commands Rx only
Gpib Common Commands
Power-on settings
IEEE-488.2 Programming Manual Requirements
 Overlapped vs. Sequential Commands
Specific Command Implementations
Functional Elements
Self Test Query
 RS-232 Interface Device Settings
Using the RS-232 Interface Option
 RS-232 Interface Hardware/ Handshaking Considerations
RS-232 Interface Testing
 Programming RS-232C Remote Commands
 RS-232C Error Messages
 Using GPIB, RS-232
 Customer Acceptance Test For GB1400 Generator & Analyzer
 Performance Verification
 Functional Test
 Setup for Functional Test of Standard Instrument
 Confirmation of Frequency Function
 Confirmation of Generator Output Data Level Change
 Confirmation of Error Injection Rates
 Confirmation of Selectable Analyzer Terminations
 Performance Verification
 Confirmation of Buttons and Indicators
 Panel Lock On OFF Addr
 How to Recall Factory Default Settings
Returning to Factory Default Settings
Using Front Panel Controls
Via Remote Control
 CLOCK/ Data Outputs
Generator TX Factory Default Settings
Data Pattern
 EOI/LF
Remote Interfaces
CR/LF
Misc
 Auto Search/Pattern Synchronization
Analyzer RX Factory Default Settings
Error Beeper
 Printer
Time and Date
Current BER
Test Parameters
 Misc
 Cleaning the Interior
Cleaning the Exterior
Cleaning the CRT
 Cleaning Instructions
 Before You Begin
Pattern Editor Requirements and Features
What is MLPE?
 Minimum Requirements
List of Features
 List of Files on this Disk
If you are using an alternate shell, such as Norton Desktop
 RS-232 Cabling
Page
Page
 Read Before Opening Sealed Wrapper
 Pattern Editing Software
 Pattern Editing Software
 Pattern Editing Software
 Data Generator PCB
Design Overview
PLL Clock Source PCB
 Data and Clock Output Amplifier PCB
 Input Amplifier PCB
GB1400 Analyzer RX
 Front Panel PCB
Error Counter PCB
Common to both GB1400 TX and GB1400 RX
 GB1400 Tx
 Figure I-2. Block Diagram GB1400 RX
 Glossary/ Index
 Address
Bit Error
Analog-to-Digital Converter
Attenuation
 Bit Rate
Error Detection
Byte
Channel
 Multi-Channel Cable
Residual error rate
Noise
RS-232C
 Glossary-4
 Appendices
Auto Search
 Figures
 Index-3
 Tables