This document supports firmware version 2.2 and above
Page
Warranty
TEK-WIDE
How to Reach Customer Service
Table of Contents
Tutorial
Table of Contents
Menus
Theory of Operation Glossary Glossary-1 Index Index-1
Gpib
List of Figures
List of Tables
Safety
Behavior of Outputs Turning Power On or Off
SMA Connectors
Do Not Remove Instrument Covers
Static Sensitive Device Notice
Conventions
How This Manual is Organized
Related Manuals
Xvi
Getting Started
Features
GB1400 Pattern Generator and Error Detector
Applications
Symmetrical, Low-Jitter Output Waveforms
Prbs Or User-Defined Test Patterns
Sample Applications
Auto Search For Easy Setup
Adjustable Inputs For Maximum Flexibility
Powerful Analysis And Reporting Functions
Burst Mode
GigaBERT GB1400
Ordering Information
GB1400T
GB1400R
GB Comparison GB660/CSA907A GB700 GB1400 Feature Tx and Rx
GB1400 with Burst Option
GB1400 Instrument Configurations Standard and Burst Option
Procedure
Initial Self-Check Procedure
Page
Operating Basics
Functional Overview
Example, Bert Application
Bert Basics GB1400
Clock Data
Front Panel, GB1400 Generator Tx
Controls, Indicators and Connectors
Front Panel, GB1400 Analyzer RX
1405000 PN23
Display Formats
Generator Tx Display
Frequency kHz Pattern Output
Delay/ Memory
Frequency kHz Error Rate Totalize
1405000 0E-06 2410538 PN23
Analyzer RX Display
Page
Outputs and Inputs
Generator Output Connectors Section
= clock bar = not clock
Generator Clock Section
Generator Output Section
Changing the Line Fuse
Generator Rear Panel
Analyzer Input Section
Analyzer Monitor Section
Analyzer Rear Panel
Connectors, Terminations, and Levels
DATA/DATA BAR
Power Switches
Controls and Indicators
Reset to Factory Default
View Angle and Panel Lock Keys
Gpib Section Controls
Pattern Controls and Function Keys
Analyzer Inputs
Function Soft Keys F1, F2, F3, and F4
Generator Error Inject Section
Affected Input Allowable Control
Sync Loss
Analyzer Error History Section
Analyzer Sync Controls
Analyzer Error Detection Section
Burst Mode Option
Specifications for Burst Mode
Burst Mode Usage
Data Value
Transmitter Burst Mode Option
Pecl Option for GB1400 Tx
Display Setting
ECL Levels Pecl Levels
Key Feature of Tutorial
Basic Bert testing with the GB1400
Objective of Tutorial
Equipment Required
Instrument Connections and Controls
Setup units with default settings
Connect the Generator to the Analyzer
Setup Generator for PRBS-23 Mode
Setup Analyzer for AUTO-SEARCH Operation
Turn off Auto Search and change Generator Outputs
Change the Prbs pattern type
Key several times to setup the analyzer for totalize
Your data signal
Data signal not detected. Selected
Error Rate display shows no Data or a 50% Error Rate
You are starting to detect the data signal
This Concludes the Tutorial
Two Auto Search Synchronization Methods
Applications
Phase
Application Note Auto Search Synchronization
Auto Search Algorithm Fast Method
Auto Search will find the Data Delay
Auto Search will find the Data V-THRESHOLD voltage
Auto Search will find the Data Pattern and Polarity
II. Auto Search Algorithm BER Method
Auto Search will then attempt to find the Data Pattern
Auto Search will determine the Data Delay
Page
Consideration In Determining The Eye Data Width
Delay Specifications
Consideration In Determining The Data Eye Center
Fiber Optic Link Test Example
GB700/ GB1400 Optical Component Test
Fibre Channel Link Testing Parallel and High-speed Serial
Qpsk
Testing Qpsk Modems, I & Q
Channel Bert
Qpsk BER Testing using Prbs Data for 2-Channel I & Q
Application Example
Reference
Menu Overview
Turning Instrument Power ON/OFF
Functions Common to Generator TX and Analyzer RX
Selecting 115 VAC or 230 VAC Operation
Selecting a Pattern
Recalling the Default Setup
Locking the Front Panel
Pattern Definitions
Selecting Prbs Patterns
Selecting the Active Pattern
Selecting the Current Word Pattern
Prbs 2n-1 Test Patterns
Word
Selecting RECALLing a Saved Word Pattern
Word Patterns
Creating Word Patterns Using Front Panel Controls
Basics
Standard Instruments
Instruments Equipped with 1-Mbit Option
Length Fill
Creating Word Patterns Using Menus
Order
Creating Word Patterns Under Remote Control
Recalling Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory Option
Saving Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory Option
Clock Source and Frequency
Generator TX Functions
External Clock Input
Clock Source
Recalling a Frequency
Saving a Frequency
Overview
Data and Clock Outputs
Generator Clock and Data Output Equivalent Circuits
Amplitude and Baseline Offset
Output Setup Rules vs. Termination Impedance
Logically Inverting Output Data D-INV
Procedure for Differential Operation TX only
Procedure for Single-ended Operation TX only
Single-ended or Differential Operation
Pattern Sync and CLOCK/4 Outputs
Selecting an Error Inject Mode
Error Injection
Procedure to Control Error Injection Mode
Error Inject Input
Data Inhibit Logic
Disable Key
Automatic Setup Functions Sync
Analyzer RX Functions
Auto Search Key
Auto Search With Prbs Patterns
Actions Taken by Analyzer when Synchronization is Lost
Relationship between Auto Search and Disable
How to Disable Automatic Pattern Resynchronization
Auto Search with Non-PRBS Patterns
Synchronization Lock Threshold
Procedure to Set Sync Threshold
Synchronization Threshold
Input Parameters
Clock, Data, and Reference Data Inputs
How F2 and F3 Determine Which Input Can be Set Up
Input Data Delay
Procedure to Add Delay
Controls
Input Termination
Procedure for Selecting Input Termination
Input Terminations for CLOCK, DATA, and REF Data
Logically Inverting Input Data
Input Decision Threshold
Input Threshold Range as a Function of Termination
Procedure for Selecting the Reference Data Mode
Selecting the Reference Data Mode
Singled-ended or Differential Operation
Monitor Outputs
Output Setup
BER
Error Detection Set Up
How Window Results Are Measured
How Totalize Results are Measured
Window Measurement Process
How Test Results Are Measured
Test Measurement Process
Totalize Process Set Up
Display Mode Totalize, Window, or Test
Procedure to Select a Results Display Mode
How to Tell Which Display Mode is Active
Procedure
Window Process Set Up
Test Process Set Up
Procedure to View Desired BER and Bit Error Results
BER and Bit Errors
Viewing Results
All Other Results Test Process only
Printing Results Reports
Basic Report Setup Procedure
Example Analyzer Setup Report
Analyzer Setup Report
End-of-Test Reports
Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Test Reports
Example End-of-Test Report
End-of-Window Reports
Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Window Reports
Example End-of-Window Report
Example On-Error Report
On-Error Reports
Procedure to Enable On-Error Reports
Procedure to Generate an On-Demand Test Summary Report
BER = TE / TB
Result Definitions
All Other Results Test Intervals Only
ES = TSE US
Analyzer performance history indicators are
Error History Indicators
Located in the Error History section of the front
Panel. These indicators will latch on when the indicated
Procedure To Set Up the Audio Alert Function
Analyzer Error Messages
Clear Control
Audio Beeper Function
Procedure for Stopping the Test Process
Procedure for Starting the Test Measurement Process
Starting and Stopping Measurements
Starting New Totalize and Window Measurement Intervals
Example Procedure Illustrating Menus and Functions
Functions Performed Using the Menu System
Menus
Menu and Function Pages
More Length Mode Report F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = Untimed
F1ESC F4SET Reports on = EOT/ERROR
General Rules for Using the Menu System
10. Menu Descriptions
Menu Summaries
11. Analyzer Menu System Overview
Word
12. Generator Menu System Overview
Menu Function Definitions
Word AT ddddd = bbbbbbbb
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET
Word Edit Edit
Format
Word Length Length
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET LENmmmmm Bytes + n Bits
Word Length
Word Fill Fill
Fill Word Memory WITHhh
Word Order Order
F1ESC F4SET Word Order = ccc First
Word Order
Word Synchronization Threshold Sync
Word Sync Thres LEVEL= d
Word Sync
Buffer
Buffer
Fast BER
Auto
Test Length Length
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Test Length = hhmmss
Test Length
Test Mode Mode
F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = ccccccc
Test Mode
Test Reports Report
F1ESC F4SET Reports on = ccccccccc
Test Report
Test Threshold Thres
F1ESC F4SET Error Threshold = eeeee
Test Thres
Test Squelch Squel
On Error Squelch = ccc
Test Squel
Test Print
Test Print Print
Test View Previous VIEW-PRE
F1ESC F4SET result namecount %
Test VIEW-PRE
Test VIEW-CUR
Test View Current VIEW-CUR
Window Mode Mode
F1ESC F4SET Window Mode = ccccccc
Window Mode
F1ESC F4SET Window LEN = 1.0eEE Bits
Format
Window Interval in Bits Bits
Window Bits
Window Interval in HrsMinSec Second
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Window LEN = hhmmss
Window Second
Window Reports Report
END of Window Print = ccc
Window Report
RS-232 Baud Rate Baud
Baud = dddd
Baud
RS-232 Parity Parity
F1ESC F4SET Parity = cccc
Parity
RS-232 Data Bits Size
Size = d
Size
RS-232 End-of-Line Char. EOL
F1ESC F4SET EOL = ccccc
EOL
RS-232 Xon/Xoff XON/XOFF
F1ESC F4SET XON/XOFF Enable = ccc
XON/XOFF
RS-232 Echo Echo
F1ESC F4SET RS232 Echo Enable = ccc
Echo
F1ESC F4SET Terminator = cccccc
Util Option
Utility Option Option
Util VER
Utility Version VER
Time Option Date
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Date = mmm dd yy
Date
Time Option Time
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Time = hhmmss
Time
Reference
Appendices
Internal Clock Source
GB1400 Generator TX
External Clock Source
SMA
Data Output True and Complement
Data Patterns
Error Injection
Rear Panel Auxiliary Outputs Phase A, Phase B, Clock/2
Clock Output True and Complement
NRZ-L
RS-232 and Gpib Interfaces
AC-Power Requirements
Mechanical
Clock Input
GB1400 Analyzer
Data Input
Reference Data Input
Synchronization
AUX
BER
Measurements
Printer Interface
Specifications
Bert Primer/ Technical Articles
Bert used to test physical layer
Bert Definition
Bert Building Blocks
Prbs Patterns
Bert Pattern Generation
Prbs
Doutput
Prbs Generation Circuits a few sample diagrams
Other Tx Patterns
Bert Clock
Bert Receiver or Error Analyzer Components
Output Amplifiers
Data Coding, NRZ
Received Data Pattern Reference
Error Comparator
Data Input Amplifiers
BER Computation
Stress Testing
Confidence Requires Collecting Many Errors
Confidence Level in BER Measurement
Additional Reading
Eye Width Measurement
Other Bert Features
Auto-Synch
Pattern Lock
Error Insertion
Pattern Loading Software
Jitter Generation
Bit error rate testing
How long is long enough?
BER
Ideal pulse
Stressing through pattern generation
Bert Technical Articles
Bert Technical Articles
Bert Technical Articles
Ensure Accuracy Of Bit-Error Rate Tests
Page
Bert
Supplying Data Patterns
Noise-Margin Stressing
Μ F Avergage = Average =
Page
Data Patterns Stored
Data patterns for clock recovery stressing
Examining Jitter
+ Peak
2f BΦ θif B
Jitter Tolerance
Amplitude UI peak-to-peak Frequency
Bert Affects Accuracy
Abstract
Example of Error Rate Measurement
= n / T
BER Measurement Inaccuracy versus Test Time
Inaccuracy 95% = 2 σ / n ≈ 2/ n
Reduced Test Time by Stressing
Testing for an Upper Limit on Error Rate
SNR = 20 log S / N rms
Attenuation dB
BER
Example
Example
BER
Summary
Pn = rT n e−rT . n
Poisson Error Process
BER
Biography
Type of Commands Starts on
Remote Commands
Overview
DATATHRES?
Datathres
Command Line Terminator
Command Line Rules
Setting Arguments Outside of Legal Ranges
Command Examples
Command Summary Alphabetical
Bytesync n Analyzer only Bytesync?
Remote Commands
Rescurrate?
Tse?
Ese n
Cls
Esr?
Ese?
Idn?
Opc
Lrn?
Opc?
Sre n
Rst
Stb?
Sre?
Wai
Tst?
Tse v Analyzer Only
Tse? Analyzer Only
Tsr? Analyzer Only
Datainvert?
Datainvert onoff
Datapattern prbs word rdata
Prbslength
Datapattern?
Prbslength?
Saveword m
Recallword m
Wordbits l, b1 b2
Wordlength l
Wordbits?
Wordmemlen m, l
Wordmemord?
Wordmemord m, msb lsb
Wordmemord? m
Wordmemory? m
Wordmemory m, l, b1, b2
Example Wordorder lsb
Wordorder msb lsb
Page
Memory allocation for Word Memory storage
Wordorder?
Wordmemory?
Gpibaddress?
Gpibaddress
Gpibbus offbus talklisten
Rsecho onoff
Gpibbus?
Rsecho?
Rspmtlf onoff
Rsprompt s
Rspmtlf?
Rsxonxoff onoff
Rspmtlf on
Rsxonxoff?
Wordmemory 0, 16, #HAA, #HBB Wordmemory 1, 8, #HF0
Allmem?
Header?
Header on off
Logo?
Viewangle
Options?
Viewangle?
Viewangle
Clockfreq?
Clockfreq
Clockmemory?
Clockmemory? m
Clockmemory m, f
Clocksource intext
Clocksource?
Clockstep?
Clockstep
Clockstpup and clockstpdn
Clockstpup v and clockstpdn
Savefreq m
Recallfreq m
Amplitude?
Amplitude
Clockampup and clockampdn
Clockampl
Clockampup v and clockampdn
Clockampl?
Clockoffup and clockoffdn
Clockoffset
Clockoffup v and clockoffdn
Clockoffset?
Dataampup and dataampdn
Dataampl
Dataampup v and dataampdn
Dataampl?
Dataoffup and dataoffdn
Dataoffset
Dataoffup v and dataoffdn
Dataoffset?
Offset?
Offset
Errorrate?
Errorrate offextrate3rate4rate5rate6rate7
Errorsingle
Analyzer Commands
Rescurrate?
Resbits?
Resdmper?
Resdm?
Resefs?
Resefsper?
Reserrors?
Reselapsed?
Resesper?
Reses?
Reslos?
Resses?
Resphaes?
Ressesper?
Resstop?
Resstart?
Ressync?
Restesper?
Restes?
Restotrate?
Resusper?
Resus?
Totalbits?
Totalrate?
Totalerror?
Totaltime?
Clockterm?
Clockterm neg2v gnd ac
Datadelup and datadeldn
Datadelay?
Datadelay
Datadelup v and datadeldn
Dataterm?
Dataterm neg2v gnd ac
Datathrup v and datathrdn
Datathrup and datathrdn
Datathres
Rdatadelup and rdatadeldn
Datathres?
Rdatadelup v and rdatadeldn
Rdatadelay?
Rdatadelay
Rdataterm neg2v gnd ac
Rdataterm?
Rdatathrup v and rdatathrdn
Rdatathrup and rdatathrdn
Rdatathres
Rdatathres?
Autosearch?
Autosearch auto off disab
Automode?
Automode ber, fast
Autosample?
Autosample n
Autothresh?
Autothresh n
Autowidth?
Dispselect total window test
Errorreset
Dispselect?
Histryclear
Histrybits?
Histrypower?
Histryphase?
Histryphase on
Histrystat?
Sync?
Histrysync?
Testlength t
Testdiscard
Testlength?
Testmode?
Testmode untimedtimedrepeat
Testprev currentprevious
Testprev?
Testreport eotonerrorbothnone
Testprint
Testsquelch onoff
Testreport?
Testsquelch?
Teststate?
Teststate runstop
Testthres?
Testthres
Winbitlen
Winerror?
Winbitlen?
Winbits?
Winmode?
Winmode bitssec
Winprev currentprevious
Winprev?
Winreport onoff
Winrate?
Winreport?
Winseclen?
Winseclen s
Wintime?
Printenable?
Printenable onoff
Printport parallel gpib serial
Printstring s
Printport?
Printport Parallel
Audioratup v and audioratdn
Audioratup and audioratdn
Audiorate
Audiovol
Audiorate?
Audiovol?
Audiovolup v and audiovoldn
Audiovolup and audiovoldn
Date?
Date yyyy-mm-dd
Time?
Time s
MB Option Commands
Byteblock a, i, b1, ..., bn
Byteblock? a
Bytedelete a
Byteedit? a
Byteedit a, b1
Byteinsert a, i, b1, ..., bn
Bytefill i, b1, b2, ..., bn
Bytelength?
Bytelength m, n
Bytemode?
Bytemode n
Bytesync n Analyzer only
Ratio errors/bits
Bytesync? Analyzer only
Level
Editbegin n
Editend n
Editcntrl?
102
Gpib Interface Device Settings
Using the Gpib Interface
Programming Gpib Remote Commands
Gpib Connector Pin-Outs
Interface Functions
Gpib Status Reporting
Gpib Numeric Responses
Status Byte
Service Request SRQ
Service Request Enable
Standard Event Status Register
Test Status Event Enable Register Analyzer only
Standard Event Status Enable Register
Test Status Event Register Analyzer only
Additional SRQ Gpib Commands Rx only
Gpib Common Commands
Power-on settings
IEEE-488.2 Programming Manual Requirements
Overlapped vs. Sequential Commands
Specific Command Implementations
Functional Elements
Self Test Query
RS-232 Interface Device Settings
Using the RS-232 Interface Option
RS-232 Interface Hardware/ Handshaking Considerations
RS-232 Interface Testing
Programming RS-232C Remote Commands
RS-232C Error Messages
Using GPIB, RS-232
Customer Acceptance Test For GB1400 Generator & Analyzer
Performance Verification
Functional Test
Setup for Functional Test of Standard Instrument
Confirmation of Frequency Function
Confirmation of Generator Output Data Level Change
Confirmation of Error Injection Rates
Confirmation of Selectable Analyzer Terminations
Performance Verification
Confirmation of Buttons and Indicators
Panel Lock On OFF Addr
How to Recall Factory Default Settings
Returning to Factory Default Settings
Using Front Panel Controls
Via Remote Control
Data Pattern
Generator TX Factory Default Settings
CLOCK/ Data Outputs
EOI/LF
Remote Interfaces
CR/LF
Misc
Error Beeper
Analyzer RX Factory Default Settings
Auto Search/Pattern Synchronization
Printer
Time and Date
Current BER
Test Parameters
Misc
Cleaning the CRT
Cleaning the Exterior
Cleaning the Interior
Cleaning Instructions
What is MLPE?
Pattern Editor Requirements and Features
Before You Begin
Minimum Requirements
List of Features
List of Files on this Disk
If you are using an alternate shell, such as Norton Desktop
RS-232 Cabling
Page
Page
Read Before Opening Sealed Wrapper
Pattern Editing Software
Pattern Editing Software
Pattern Editing Software
PLL Clock Source PCB
Design Overview
Data Generator PCB
Data and Clock Output Amplifier PCB
Input Amplifier PCB
GB1400 Analyzer RX
Common to both GB1400 TX and GB1400 RX
Error Counter PCB
Front Panel PCB
GB1400 Tx
Figure I-2. Block Diagram GB1400 RX
Glossary/ Index
Address
Bit Error
Analog-to-Digital Converter
Attenuation
Bit Rate
Error Detection
Byte
Channel
Multi-Channel Cable
Residual error rate
Noise
RS-232C
Glossary-4
Appendices
Auto Search
Figures
Index-3
Tables