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Tektronix 071-0590-00 user manual Tutorial

Models: 071-0590-00

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Table of Contents

Generator ERROR INJECT	2-22
Analyzer INPUT	2-23
Analyzer Error History	2-24
Analyzer ERROR DETECTION	2-25
Analyzer SYNC Controls	2-25
Burst Mode Option	2-26
Burst Mode Usage	2-27
Specifications for Burst Mode	2-27
PECL Option for GB1400 Tx	2-29
Tutorial	2-30
Applications	2-38
Method for Very Fast Automatic RX Synchronization
and Eye Width Measurement	2-38
GB700/ GB1400 Optical Component Test	2-46
Fibre Channel Link Testing Parallel and High-Speed Serial	2-47
Testing QPSK Modems, I & Q	2-48
QPSK BER Testing using PRBS Data for 2-Channel I & Q	2-49
Reference
Menu Overview	3-1
Functions common to TX and RX	3-1
AC Power	3-1
Selecting 115 VAC or 230 VAC operation	3-1
Turning Instrument Power ON/OFF	3-1
LCD Viewing Angle	3-1
Recalling Default Setup	3-2
Locking the Front Panel	3-2
Selecting a Pattern	3-2
Pattern Definitions	3-2
PRBS Patterns	3-2
Word Patterns	3-3
Selecting an Active Pattern	3-3
Selecting PRBS Patterns	3-3
Selecting the Current Word Pattern	3-3
Selecting (Recalling) a Saved Word Pattern	3-4

vi	GB1400 User Manual

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Tektronix 071-0590-00 user manual Tutorial

Contents

This document supports firmware version 2.2 and above Page Warranty How to Reach Customer Service TEK-WIDETable of Contents Tutorial Table of Contents Menus Gpib Theory of Operation Glossary Glossary-1 Index Index-1List of Figures List of Tables Safety Do Not Remove Instrument Covers SMA ConnectorsBehavior of Outputs Turning Power On or Off Static Sensitive Device NoticeHow This Manual is Organized ConventionsRelated Manuals Xvi Getting Started GB1400 Pattern Generator and Error Detector FeaturesPrbs Or User-Defined Test Patterns Symmetrical, Low-Jitter Output WaveformsApplications Sample ApplicationsPowerful Analysis And Reporting Functions Adjustable Inputs For Maximum FlexibilityAuto Search For Easy Setup Burst ModeGB1400T Ordering InformationGigaBERT GB1400 GB1400RGB Comparison GB660/CSA907A GB700 GB1400 Feature Tx and Rx GB1400 Instrument Configurations Standard and Burst Option GB1400 with Burst OptionInitial Self-Check Procedure ProcedurePage Operating Basics Functional Overview Bert Basics GB1400 Example, Bert ApplicationClock Data Controls, Indicators and Connectors Front Panel, GB1400 Generator TxFront Panel, GB1400 Analyzer RX Generator Tx Display Display Formats1405000 PN23 Frequency kHz Pattern Output1405000 0E-06 2410538 PN23 Frequency kHz Error Rate TotalizeDelay/ Memory Analyzer RX DisplayPage Generator Output Connectors Section Outputs and Inputs= clock bar = not clock Generator Clock Section Generator Output Section Generator Rear Panel Changing the Line FuseAnalyzer Input Section Analyzer Monitor Section Analyzer Rear Panel Connectors, Terminations, and Levels DATA/DATA BAR Reset to Factory Default Controls and IndicatorsPower Switches View Angle and Panel Lock KeysGpib Section Controls Pattern Controls and Function Keys Function Soft Keys F1, F2, F3, and F4 Analyzer InputsGenerator Error Inject Section Affected Input Allowable Control Analyzer Error History Section Sync LossAnalyzer Error Detection Section Analyzer Sync ControlsBurst Mode Option Burst Mode Usage Specifications for Burst ModeTransmitter Burst Mode Option Data ValueDisplay Setting Pecl Option for GB1400 TxECL Levels Pecl Levels Objective of Tutorial Basic Bert testing with the GB1400Key Feature of Tutorial Equipment RequiredSetup units with default settings Instrument Connections and ControlsSetup Generator for PRBS-23 Mode Connect the Generator to the AnalyzerSetup Analyzer for AUTO-SEARCH Operation Change the Prbs pattern type Turn off Auto Search and change Generator OutputsKey several times to setup the analyzer for totalize Error Rate display shows no Data or a 50% Error Rate Data signal not detected. SelectedYour data signal You are starting to detect the data signalThis Concludes the Tutorial Applications Two Auto Search Synchronization MethodsPhase Application Note Auto Search Synchronization Auto Search will find the Data Delay Auto Search Algorithm Fast MethodAuto Search will find the Data V-THRESHOLD voltage II. Auto Search Algorithm BER Method Auto Search will find the Data Pattern and PolarityAuto Search will then attempt to find the Data Pattern Auto Search will determine the Data Delay Page Delay Specifications Consideration In Determining The Eye Data WidthConsideration In Determining The Data Eye Center GB700/ GB1400 Optical Component Test Fiber Optic Link Test ExampleFibre Channel Link Testing Parallel and High-speed Serial Testing Qpsk Modems, I & Q QpskQpsk BER Testing using Prbs Data for 2-Channel I & Q Channel BertApplication Example Reference Functions Common to Generator TX and Analyzer RX Turning Instrument Power ON/OFFMenu Overview Selecting 115 VAC or 230 VAC OperationLocking the Front Panel Recalling the Default SetupSelecting a Pattern Pattern DefinitionsSelecting the Current Word Pattern Selecting the Active PatternSelecting Prbs Patterns Prbs 2n-1 Test PatternsSelecting RECALLing a Saved Word Pattern WordBasics Creating Word Patterns Using Front Panel ControlsWord Patterns Standard InstrumentsInstruments Equipped with 1-Mbit Option Creating Word Patterns Using Menus Length FillOrder Creating Word Patterns Under Remote Control Saving Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory Option Recalling Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory OptionExternal Clock Input Generator TX FunctionsClock Source and Frequency Clock SourceSaving a Frequency Recalling a FrequencyData and Clock Outputs OverviewGenerator Clock and Data Output Equivalent Circuits Output Setup Rules vs. Termination Impedance Amplitude and Baseline OffsetLogically Inverting Output Data D-INV Single-ended or Differential Operation Procedure for Single-ended Operation TX onlyProcedure for Differential Operation TX only Pattern Sync and CLOCK/4 OutputsError Injection Selecting an Error Inject ModeError Inject Input Procedure to Control Error Injection ModeData Inhibit Logic Analyzer RX Functions Automatic Setup Functions SyncDisable Key Auto Search KeyActions Taken by Analyzer when Synchronization is Lost Auto Search With Prbs PatternsHow to Disable Automatic Pattern Resynchronization Relationship between Auto Search and DisableAuto Search with Non-PRBS Patterns Procedure to Set Sync Threshold Synchronization Lock ThresholdSynchronization Threshold Clock, Data, and Reference Data Inputs Input ParametersProcedure to Add Delay Input Data DelayHow F2 and F3 Determine Which Input Can be Set Up ControlsProcedure for Selecting Input Termination Input TerminationInput Terminations for CLOCK, DATA, and REF Data Input Decision Threshold Logically Inverting Input DataInput Threshold Range as a Function of Termination Selecting the Reference Data Mode Procedure for Selecting the Reference Data ModeSingled-ended or Differential Operation Output Setup Monitor OutputsError Detection Set Up BERHow Totalize Results are Measured How Window Results Are MeasuredHow Test Results Are Measured Window Measurement ProcessTest Measurement Process Procedure to Select a Results Display Mode Display Mode Totalize, Window, or TestTotalize Process Set Up How to Tell Which Display Mode is ActiveWindow Process Set Up ProcedureTest Process Set Up Viewing Results BER and Bit ErrorsProcedure to View Desired BER and Bit Error Results All Other Results Test Process onlyBasic Report Setup Procedure Printing Results ReportsAnalyzer Setup Report Example Analyzer Setup ReportProcedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Test Reports End-of-Test ReportsExample End-of-Test Report Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Window Reports End-of-Window ReportsExample End-of-Window Report Procedure to Enable On-Error Reports On-Error ReportsExample On-Error Report Procedure to Generate an On-Demand Test Summary ReportResult Definitions BER = TE / TBAll Other Results Test Intervals Only ES = TSE US Located in the Error History section of the front Error History IndicatorsAnalyzer performance history indicators are Panel. These indicators will latch on when the indicatedClear Control Analyzer Error MessagesProcedure To Set Up the Audio Alert Function Audio Beeper FunctionProcedure for Starting the Test Measurement Process Procedure for Stopping the Test ProcessStarting and Stopping Measurements Starting New Totalize and Window Measurement Intervals Menus Functions Performed Using the Menu SystemExample Procedure Illustrating Menus and Functions Menu and Function PagesMore Length Mode Report F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = Untimed F1ESC F4SET Reports on = EOT/ERROR General Rules for Using the Menu System Menu Summaries 10. Menu Descriptions11. Analyzer Menu System Overview 12. Generator Menu System Overview WordMenu Function Definitions Word Edit Edit F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SETWord AT ddddd = bbbbbbbb FormatF1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET LENmmmmm Bytes + n Bits Word Length LengthWord Length Fill Word Memory WITHhh Word Fill FillF1ESC F4SET Word Order = ccc First Word Order OrderWord Order Word Sync Thres LEVEL= d Word Synchronization Threshold SyncWord Sync Buffer BufferAuto Fast BERF1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Test Length = hhmmss Test Length LengthTest Length F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = ccccccc Test Mode ModeTest Mode F1ESC F4SET Reports on = ccccccccc Test Reports ReportTest Report F1ESC F4SET Error Threshold = eeeee Test Threshold ThresTest Thres On Error Squelch = ccc Test Squelch SquelTest Squel Test Print Print Test PrintF1ESC F4SET result namecount % Test View Previous VIEW-PRETest VIEW-PRE Test View Current VIEW-CUR Test VIEW-CURF1ESC F4SET Window Mode = ccccccc Window Mode ModeWindow Mode Window Interval in Bits Bits FormatF1ESC F4SET Window LEN = 1.0eEE Bits Window BitsF1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Window LEN = hhmmss Window Interval in HrsMinSec SecondWindow Second END of Window Print = ccc Window Reports ReportWindow Report Baud = dddd RS-232 Baud Rate BaudBaud F1ESC F4SET Parity = cccc RS-232 Parity ParityParity Size = d RS-232 Data Bits SizeSize F1ESC F4SET EOL = ccccc RS-232 End-of-Line Char. EOLEOL F1ESC F4SET XON/XOFF Enable = ccc RS-232 Xon/Xoff XON/XOFFXON/XOFF F1ESC F4SET RS232 Echo Enable = ccc RS-232 Echo EchoEcho F1ESC F4SET Terminator = cccccc Utility Option Option Util OptionUtility Version VER Util VERF1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Date = mmm dd yy Time Option DateDate F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Time = hhmmss Time Option TimeTime Reference Appendices External Clock Source GB1400 Generator TXInternal Clock Source SMAData Patterns Data Output True and ComplementClock Output True and Complement Rear Panel Auxiliary Outputs Phase A, Phase B, Clock/2Error Injection NRZ-LAC-Power Requirements RS-232 and Gpib InterfacesMechanical GB1400 Analyzer Clock InputData Input Reference Data Input AUX SynchronizationMeasurements BERPrinter Interface Specifications Bert Primer/ Technical Articles Bert Definition Bert used to test physical layerBert Building Blocks Bert Pattern Generation Prbs PatternsPrbs Prbs Generation Circuits a few sample diagrams DoutputOther Tx Patterns Output Amplifiers Bert Receiver or Error Analyzer ComponentsBert Clock Data Coding, NRZData Input Amplifiers Error ComparatorReceived Data Pattern Reference BER ComputationConfidence Level in BER Measurement Confidence Requires Collecting Many ErrorsStress Testing Additional ReadingOther Bert Features Eye Width MeasurementAuto-Synch Error Insertion Pattern LockPattern Loading Software Jitter Generation Bit error rate testing How long is long enough? BER Ideal pulse Stressing through pattern generation Bert Technical Articles Bert Technical Articles Bert Technical Articles Ensure Accuracy Of Bit-Error Rate Tests Page Supplying Data Patterns BertNoise-Margin Stressing Μ F Avergage = Average = Page Data patterns for clock recovery stressing Data Patterns Stored+ Peak Examining Jitter2f BΦ θif B Amplitude UI peak-to-peak Frequency Jitter ToleranceBert Affects Accuracy Example of Error Rate Measurement AbstractBER Measurement Inaccuracy versus Test Time = n / TInaccuracy 95% = 2 σ / n ≈ 2/ n Testing for an Upper Limit on Error Rate Reduced Test Time by StressingSNR = 20 log S / N rms Attenuation dB Example BERExample BER Summary Poisson Error Process Pn = rT n e−rT . nBER Biography Remote Commands Type of Commands Starts onOverview Datathres DATATHRES?Command Line Rules Command Line TerminatorSetting Arguments Outside of Legal Ranges Command Examples Command Summary Alphabetical Bytesync n Analyzer only Bytesync? Remote Commands Rescurrate? Tse? Cls Ese nEse? Esr?Idn? Lrn? OpcOpc? Rst Sre nSre? Stb?Tse v Analyzer Only Tst?Wai Tse? Analyzer OnlyTsr? Analyzer Only Datainvert onoff Datainvert?Datapattern prbs word rdata Datapattern? PrbslengthPrbslength? Recallword m Saveword mWordbits l, b1 b2 Wordbits? Wordlength lWordmemlen m, l Wordmemord m, msb lsb Wordmemord?Wordmemord? m Wordmemory m, l, b1, b2 Wordmemory? mWordorder msb lsb Example Wordorder lsbPage Wordorder? Memory allocation for Word Memory storageWordmemory? Gpibaddress Gpibaddress?Gpibbus offbus talklisten Rsecho? Gpibbus?Rsecho onoff Rspmtlf onoffRsxonxoff onoff Rspmtlf?Rsprompt s Rspmtlf onRsxonxoff? Allmem? Wordmemory 0, 16, #HAA, #HBB Wordmemory 1, 8, #HF0Header on off Header?Logo? Viewangle? Options?Viewangle ViewangleClockfreq Clockfreq?Clockmemory? Clocksource intext Clockmemory m, fClockmemory? m Clocksource?Clockstpup and clockstpdn ClockstepClockstep? Clockstpup v and clockstpdnRecallfreq m Savefreq mAmplitude Amplitude?Clockampup and clockampdn Clockampl? Clockampup v and clockampdnClockampl Clockoffup and clockoffdnClockoffset? Clockoffup v and clockoffdnClockoffset Dataampup and dataampdnDataampl? Dataampup v and dataampdnDataampl Dataoffup and dataoffdnDataoffup v and dataoffdn DataoffsetDataoffset? Offset Offset?Errorrate offextrate3rate4rate5rate6rate7 Errorrate?Errorsingle Analyzer Commands Resbits? Rescurrate?Resdm? Resdmper?Resefs? Reserrors? Resefsper?Reselapsed? Reses? Resesper?Reslos? Resphaes? Resses?Ressesper? Resstart? Resstop?Ressync? Restes? Restesper?Restotrate? Resus? Resusper?Totalbits? Totalerror? Totalrate?Totaltime? Clockterm neg2v gnd ac Clockterm?Datadelup and datadeldn Datadelay Datadelay?Datadelup v and datadeldn Dataterm neg2v gnd ac Dataterm?Datathrup and datathrdn Datathrup v and datathrdnDatathres Datathres? Rdatadelup and rdatadeldnRdatadelup v and rdatadeldn Rdataterm neg2v gnd ac RdatadelayRdatadelay? Rdataterm?Rdatathrup and rdatathrdn Rdatathrup v and rdatathrdnRdatathres Rdatathres? Autosearch auto off disab Autosearch?Automode ber, fast Automode?Autosample n Autosample?Autothresh n Autothresh?Autowidth? Errorreset Dispselect total window testDispselect? Histrybits? HistryclearHistryphase on Histryphase?Histrypower? Histrystat?Histrysync? Sync?Testdiscard Testlength tTestlength? Testmode untimedtimedrepeat Testmode?Testprev currentprevious Testreport eotonerrorbothnone Testprev?Testprint Testreport? Testsquelch onoffTestsquelch? Teststate runstop Teststate?Testthres Testthres?Winbitlen? Winerror?Winbitlen Winbits?Winprev currentprevious Winmode bitssecWinmode? Winprev?Winrate? Winreport onoffWinreport? Winseclen s Winseclen?Wintime? Printenable onoff Printenable?Printport parallel gpib serial Printport? Printstring sPrintport Parallel Audioratup and audioratdn Audioratup v and audioratdnAudiorate Audiorate? AudiovolAudiovol? Audiovolup and audiovoldn Audiovolup v and audiovoldnDate yyyy-mm-dd Date?Time s Time?MB Option Commands Byteblock a, i, b1, ..., bn Byteblock? a Bytedelete a Byteedit a, b1 Byteedit? aBytefill i, b1, b2, ..., bn Byteinsert a, i, b1, ..., bnBytelength m, n Bytelength?Bytemode n Bytemode?Bytesync? Analyzer only Ratio errors/bitsBytesync n Analyzer only LevelEditbegin n Editcntrl? Editend n102 Using the Gpib Interface Gpib Interface Device SettingsGpib Connector Pin-Outs Programming Gpib Remote CommandsInterface Functions Gpib Numeric Responses Gpib Status ReportingStatus Byte Service Request Enable Service Request SRQStandard Event Status Register Standard Event Status Enable Register Test Status Event Enable Register Analyzer onlyTest Status Event Register Analyzer only Power-on settings Gpib Common CommandsAdditional SRQ Gpib Commands Rx only IEEE-488.2 Programming Manual RequirementsFunctional Elements Specific Command ImplementationsOverlapped vs. Sequential Commands Self Test QueryUsing the RS-232 Interface Option RS-232 Interface Device SettingsRS-232 Interface Testing RS-232 Interface Hardware/ Handshaking ConsiderationsProgramming RS-232C Remote Commands RS-232C Error Messages Using GPIB, RS-232 Customer Acceptance Test For GB1400 Generator & Analyzer Performance Verification Functional Test Setup for Functional Test of Standard Instrument Confirmation of Frequency Function Confirmation of Generator Output Data Level Change Confirmation of Error Injection Rates Confirmation of Selectable Analyzer Terminations Performance Verification Confirmation of Buttons and Indicators Panel Lock On OFF Addr Using Front Panel Controls Returning to Factory Default SettingsHow to Recall Factory Default Settings Via Remote ControlGenerator TX Factory Default Settings Data PatternCLOCK/ Data Outputs CR/LF Remote InterfacesEOI/LF MiscAnalyzer RX Factory Default Settings Error BeeperAuto Search/Pattern Synchronization Current BER Time and DatePrinter Test ParametersMisc Cleaning the Exterior Cleaning the CRTCleaning the Interior Cleaning Instructions Pattern Editor Requirements and Features What is MLPE?Before You Begin List of Features Minimum RequirementsIf you are using an alternate shell, such as Norton Desktop List of Files on this DiskRS-232 Cabling Page Page Read Before Opening Sealed Wrapper Pattern Editing Software Pattern Editing Software Pattern Editing Software Design Overview PLL Clock Source PCBData Generator PCB Data and Clock Output Amplifier PCB GB1400 Analyzer RX Input Amplifier PCBError Counter PCB Common to both GB1400 TX and GB1400 RXFront Panel PCB GB1400 Tx Figure I-2. Block Diagram GB1400 RX Glossary/ Index Analog-to-Digital Converter Bit ErrorAddress AttenuationByte Error DetectionBit Rate ChannelNoise Residual error rateMulti-Channel Cable RS-232CGlossary-4 Auto Search AppendicesFigures Index-3 Tables