This document supports firmware version 2.2 and above
Page
 Warranty
 How to Reach Customer Service
TEK-WIDE
 Table of Contents
 Tutorial
 Table of Contents
 Menus
 Gpib
Theory of Operation Glossary Glossary-1 Index Index-1
 List of Figures
 List of Tables
 Safety
 Do Not Remove Instrument Covers
SMA Connectors
Behavior of Outputs Turning Power On or Off
Static Sensitive Device Notice
 How This Manual is Organized
Conventions
 Related Manuals
 Xvi
 Getting Started
 GB1400 Pattern Generator and Error Detector
Features
 Prbs Or User-Defined Test Patterns
Symmetrical, Low-Jitter Output Waveforms
Applications
Sample Applications
 Powerful Analysis And Reporting Functions
Adjustable Inputs For Maximum Flexibility
Auto Search For Easy Setup
Burst Mode
 GB1400T
Ordering Information
GigaBERT GB1400
GB1400R
 GB Comparison GB660/CSA907A GB700 GB1400 Feature Tx and Rx
 GB1400 Instrument Configurations Standard and Burst Option
GB1400 with Burst Option
 Initial Self-Check Procedure
Procedure
Page
 Operating Basics
 Functional Overview
 Bert Basics GB1400
Example, Bert Application
 Clock Data
 Controls, Indicators and Connectors
Front Panel, GB1400 Generator Tx
 Front Panel, GB1400 Analyzer RX
 Generator Tx Display
Display Formats
1405000 PN23
Frequency kHz Pattern Output
 1405000 0E-06 2410538 PN23
Frequency kHz Error Rate Totalize
Delay/ Memory
Analyzer RX Display
Page
 Outputs and Inputs
Generator Output Connectors Section
= clock bar = not clock
 Generator Clock Section
 Generator Output Section
 Generator Rear Panel
Changing the Line Fuse
 Analyzer Input Section
 Analyzer Monitor Section
 Analyzer Rear Panel
 Connectors, Terminations, and Levels
 DATA/DATA BAR
 Reset to Factory Default
Controls and Indicators
Power Switches
View Angle and Panel Lock Keys
 Gpib Section Controls
 Pattern Controls and Function Keys
 Function Soft Keys F1, F2, F3, and F4
Analyzer Inputs
 Generator Error Inject Section
 Affected Input Allowable Control
 Analyzer Error History Section
Sync Loss
 Analyzer Error Detection Section
Analyzer Sync Controls
 Burst Mode Option
 Burst Mode Usage
Specifications for Burst Mode
 Transmitter Burst Mode Option
Data Value
 Pecl Option for GB1400 Tx
Display Setting
ECL Levels Pecl Levels
 Objective of Tutorial
Basic Bert testing with the GB1400
Key Feature of Tutorial
Equipment Required
 Setup units with default settings
Instrument Connections and Controls
 Setup Generator for PRBS-23 Mode
Connect the Generator to the Analyzer
 Setup Analyzer for AUTO-SEARCH Operation
 Change the Prbs pattern type
Turn off Auto Search and change Generator Outputs
 Key several times to setup the analyzer for totalize
 Error Rate display shows no Data or a 50% Error Rate
Data signal not detected. Selected
Your data signal
You are starting to detect the data signal
 This Concludes the Tutorial
 Applications
Two Auto Search Synchronization Methods
 Phase
 Application Note Auto Search Synchronization
 Auto Search Algorithm Fast Method
Auto Search will find the Data Delay
Auto Search will find the Data V-THRESHOLD voltage
 Auto Search will find the Data Pattern and Polarity
II. Auto Search Algorithm BER Method
Auto Search will then attempt to find the Data Pattern
 Auto Search will determine the Data Delay
Page
 Consideration In Determining The Eye Data Width
Delay Specifications
Consideration In Determining The Data Eye Center
 GB700/ GB1400 Optical Component Test
Fiber Optic Link Test Example
 Fibre Channel Link Testing Parallel and High-speed Serial
 Testing Qpsk Modems, I & Q
Qpsk
 Qpsk BER Testing using Prbs Data for 2-Channel I & Q
Channel Bert
 Application Example
 Reference
 Functions Common to Generator TX and Analyzer RX
Turning Instrument Power ON/OFF
Menu Overview
Selecting 115 VAC or 230 VAC Operation
 Locking the Front Panel
Recalling the Default Setup
Selecting a Pattern
Pattern Definitions
 Selecting the Current Word Pattern
Selecting the Active Pattern
Selecting Prbs Patterns
Prbs 2n-1 Test Patterns
 Selecting RECALLing a Saved Word Pattern
Word
 Basics
Creating Word Patterns Using Front Panel Controls
Word Patterns
Standard Instruments
 Instruments Equipped with 1-Mbit Option
 Length Fill
Creating Word Patterns Using Menus
Order
 Creating Word Patterns Under Remote Control
 Saving Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory Option
Recalling Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory Option
 External Clock Input
Generator TX Functions
Clock Source and Frequency
Clock Source
 Saving a Frequency
Recalling a Frequency
 Data and Clock Outputs
Overview
 Generator Clock and Data Output Equivalent Circuits
 Output Setup Rules vs. Termination Impedance
Amplitude and Baseline Offset
 Logically Inverting Output Data D-INV
 Single-ended or Differential Operation
Procedure for Single-ended Operation TX only
Procedure for Differential Operation TX only
Pattern Sync and CLOCK/4 Outputs
 Error Injection
Selecting an Error Inject Mode
 Procedure to Control Error Injection Mode
Error Inject Input
Data Inhibit Logic
 Analyzer RX Functions
Automatic Setup Functions Sync
Disable Key
Auto Search Key
 Actions Taken by Analyzer when Synchronization is Lost
Auto Search With Prbs Patterns
 Relationship between Auto Search and Disable
How to Disable Automatic Pattern Resynchronization
Auto Search with Non-PRBS Patterns
 Synchronization Lock Threshold
Procedure to Set Sync Threshold
Synchronization Threshold
 Clock, Data, and Reference Data Inputs
Input Parameters
 Procedure to Add Delay
Input Data Delay
How F2 and F3 Determine Which Input Can be Set Up
Controls
 Input Termination
Procedure for Selecting Input Termination
Input Terminations for CLOCK, DATA, and REF Data
 Logically Inverting Input Data
Input Decision Threshold
Input Threshold Range as a Function of Termination
 Procedure for Selecting the Reference Data Mode
Selecting the Reference Data Mode
Singled-ended or Differential Operation
 Output Setup
Monitor Outputs
 Error Detection Set Up
BER
 How Totalize Results are Measured
How Window Results Are Measured
 How Test Results Are Measured
Window Measurement Process
 Test Measurement Process
 Procedure to Select a Results Display Mode
Display Mode Totalize, Window, or Test
Totalize Process Set Up
How to Tell Which Display Mode is Active
 Window Process Set Up
Procedure
 Test Process Set Up
 Viewing Results
BER and Bit Errors
Procedure to View Desired BER and Bit Error Results
All Other Results Test Process only
 Basic Report Setup Procedure
Printing Results Reports
 Analyzer Setup Report
Example Analyzer Setup Report
 End-of-Test Reports
Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Test Reports
Example End-of-Test Report
 End-of-Window Reports
Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Window Reports
Example End-of-Window Report
 Procedure to Enable On-Error Reports
On-Error Reports
Example On-Error Report
Procedure to Generate an On-Demand Test Summary Report
 BER = TE / TB
Result Definitions
All Other Results Test Intervals Only
 ES = TSE US
 Located in the Error History section of the front
Error History Indicators
Analyzer performance history indicators are
Panel. These indicators will latch on when the indicated
 Clear Control
Analyzer Error Messages
Procedure To Set Up the Audio Alert Function
Audio Beeper Function
 Procedure for Stopping the Test Process
Procedure for Starting the Test Measurement Process
Starting and Stopping Measurements
 Starting New Totalize and Window Measurement Intervals
 Menus
Functions Performed Using the Menu System
Example Procedure Illustrating Menus and Functions
Menu and Function Pages
 More Length Mode Report F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = Untimed
 F1ESC F4SET Reports on = EOT/ERROR
 General Rules for Using the Menu System
 Menu Summaries
10. Menu Descriptions
 11. Analyzer Menu System Overview
 12. Generator Menu System Overview
Word
 Menu Function Definitions
 Word Edit Edit
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET
Word AT ddddd = bbbbbbbb
Format
 Word Length Length
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET LENmmmmm Bytes + n Bits
Word Length
 Fill Word Memory WITHhh
Word Fill Fill
 Word Order Order
F1ESC F4SET Word Order = ccc First
Word Order
 Word Synchronization Threshold Sync
Word Sync Thres LEVEL= d
Word Sync
 Buffer
Buffer
 Auto
Fast BER
 Test Length Length
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Test Length = hhmmss
Test Length
 Test Mode Mode
F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = ccccccc
Test Mode
 Test Reports Report
F1ESC F4SET Reports on = ccccccccc
Test Report
 Test Threshold Thres
F1ESC F4SET Error Threshold = eeeee
Test Thres
 Test Squelch Squel
On Error Squelch = ccc
Test Squel
 Test Print Print
Test Print
 Test View Previous VIEW-PRE
F1ESC F4SET result namecount %
Test VIEW-PRE
 Test View Current VIEW-CUR
Test VIEW-CUR
 Window Mode Mode
F1ESC F4SET Window Mode = ccccccc
Window Mode
 Window Interval in Bits Bits
Format
F1ESC F4SET Window LEN = 1.0eEE Bits
Window Bits
 Window Interval in HrsMinSec Second
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Window LEN = hhmmss
Window Second
 Window Reports Report
END of Window Print = ccc
Window Report
 RS-232 Baud Rate Baud
Baud = dddd
Baud
 RS-232 Parity Parity
F1ESC F4SET Parity = cccc
Parity
 RS-232 Data Bits Size
Size = d
Size
 RS-232 End-of-Line Char. EOL
F1ESC F4SET EOL = ccccc
EOL
 RS-232 Xon/Xoff XON/XOFF
F1ESC F4SET XON/XOFF Enable = ccc
XON/XOFF
 RS-232 Echo Echo
F1ESC F4SET RS232 Echo Enable = ccc
Echo
 F1ESC F4SET Terminator = cccccc
 Utility Option Option
Util Option
 Utility Version VER
Util VER
 Time Option Date
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Date = mmm dd yy
Date
 Time Option Time
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Time = hhmmss
Time
 Reference
 Appendices
 External Clock Source
GB1400 Generator TX
Internal Clock Source
SMA
 Data Patterns
Data Output True and Complement
 Clock Output True and Complement
Rear Panel Auxiliary Outputs Phase A, Phase B, Clock/2
Error Injection
NRZ-L
 RS-232 and Gpib Interfaces
AC-Power Requirements
Mechanical
 Clock Input
GB1400 Analyzer
Data Input
 Reference Data Input
 AUX
Synchronization
 Measurements
BER
 Printer Interface
 Specifications
 Bert Primer/ Technical Articles
 Bert used to test physical layer
Bert Definition
Bert Building Blocks
 Bert Pattern Generation
Prbs Patterns
 Prbs
 Prbs Generation Circuits a few sample diagrams
Doutput
 Other Tx Patterns
 Output Amplifiers
Bert Receiver or Error Analyzer Components
Bert Clock
Data Coding, NRZ
 Data Input Amplifiers
Error Comparator
Received Data Pattern Reference
BER Computation
 Confidence Level in BER Measurement
Confidence Requires Collecting Many Errors
Stress Testing
Additional Reading
 Eye Width Measurement
Other Bert Features
Auto-Synch
 Pattern Lock
Error Insertion
Pattern Loading Software
 Jitter Generation
 Bit error rate testing
 How long is long enough?
 BER
 Ideal pulse
 Stressing through pattern generation
 Bert Technical Articles
 Bert Technical Articles
 Bert Technical Articles
 Ensure Accuracy Of Bit-Error Rate Tests
Page
 Supplying Data Patterns
Bert
 Noise-Margin Stressing
 Μ F Avergage = Average =
Page
 Data patterns for clock recovery stressing
Data Patterns Stored
 + Peak
Examining Jitter
 2f BΦ θif B
 Amplitude UI peak-to-peak Frequency
Jitter Tolerance
 Bert Affects Accuracy
 Example of Error Rate Measurement
Abstract
 BER Measurement Inaccuracy versus Test Time
= n / T
 Inaccuracy 95% = 2 σ / n ≈ 2/ n
 Testing for an Upper Limit on Error Rate
Reduced Test Time by Stressing
 SNR = 20 log S / N rms
 Attenuation dB
 Example
BER
 Example
 BER
 Summary
 Poisson Error Process
Pn = rT n e−rT . n
 BER
 Biography
 Remote Commands
Type of Commands Starts on
 Overview
 Datathres
DATATHRES?
 Command Line Rules
Command Line Terminator
 Setting Arguments Outside of Legal Ranges
 Command Examples
 Command Summary Alphabetical
 Bytesync n Analyzer only Bytesync?
 Remote Commands
 Rescurrate?
 Tse?
 Cls
Ese n
 Esr?
Ese?
Idn?
 Opc
Lrn?
Opc?
 Rst
Sre n
 Sre?
Stb?
 Tse v Analyzer Only
Tst?
Wai
Tse? Analyzer Only
 Tsr? Analyzer Only
 Datainvert?
Datainvert onoff
Datapattern prbs word rdata
 Prbslength
Datapattern?
Prbslength?
 Saveword m
Recallword m
Wordbits l, b1 b2
 Wordlength l
Wordbits?
Wordmemlen m, l
 Wordmemord?
Wordmemord m, msb lsb
Wordmemord? m
 Wordmemory m, l, b1, b2
Wordmemory? m
 Wordorder msb lsb
Example Wordorder lsb
Page
 Wordorder?
Memory allocation for Word Memory storage
 Wordmemory?
 Gpibaddress?
Gpibaddress
Gpibbus offbus talklisten
 Rsecho?
Gpibbus?
Rsecho onoff
Rspmtlf onoff
 Rsxonxoff onoff
Rspmtlf?
Rsprompt s
Rspmtlf on
 Rsxonxoff?
 Allmem?
Wordmemory 0, 16, #HAA, #HBB Wordmemory 1, 8, #HF0
 Header?
Header on off
Logo?
 Viewangle?
Options?
Viewangle
Viewangle
 Clockfreq?
Clockfreq
Clockmemory?
 Clocksource intext
Clockmemory m, f
Clockmemory? m
Clocksource?
 Clockstpup and clockstpdn
Clockstep
Clockstep?
Clockstpup v and clockstpdn
 Recallfreq m
Savefreq m
 Amplitude?
Amplitude
Clockampup and clockampdn
 Clockampl?
Clockampup v and clockampdn
Clockampl
Clockoffup and clockoffdn
 Clockoffset?
Clockoffup v and clockoffdn
Clockoffset
Dataampup and dataampdn
 Dataampl?
Dataampup v and dataampdn
Dataampl
Dataoffup and dataoffdn
 Dataoffset
Dataoffup v and dataoffdn
Dataoffset?
 Offset
Offset?
 Errorrate?
Errorrate offextrate3rate4rate5rate6rate7
Errorsingle
 Analyzer Commands
 Resbits?
Rescurrate?
 Resdmper?
Resdm?
Resefs?
 Resefsper?
Reserrors?
Reselapsed?
 Resesper?
Reses?
Reslos?
 Resses?
Resphaes?
Ressesper?
 Resstop?
Resstart?
Ressync?
 Restesper?
Restes?
Restotrate?
 Resusper?
Resus?
Totalbits?
 Totalrate?
Totalerror?
Totaltime?
 Clockterm neg2v gnd ac
Clockterm?
 Datadelup and datadeldn
 Datadelay?
Datadelay
Datadelup v and datadeldn
 Dataterm neg2v gnd ac
Dataterm?
 Datathrup v and datathrdn
Datathrup and datathrdn
Datathres
 Rdatadelup and rdatadeldn
Datathres?
Rdatadelup v and rdatadeldn
 Rdataterm neg2v gnd ac
Rdatadelay
Rdatadelay?
Rdataterm?
 Rdatathrup v and rdatathrdn
Rdatathrup and rdatathrdn
Rdatathres
 Rdatathres?
 Autosearch auto off disab
Autosearch?
 Automode ber, fast
Automode?
 Autosample n
Autosample?
 Autothresh?
Autothresh n
Autowidth?
 Dispselect total window test
Errorreset
Dispselect?
 Histrybits?
Histryclear
 Histryphase on
Histryphase?
Histrypower?
Histrystat?
 Histrysync?
Sync?
 Testlength t
Testdiscard
Testlength?
 Testmode?
Testmode untimedtimedrepeat
Testprev currentprevious
 Testprev?
Testreport eotonerrorbothnone
Testprint
 Testsquelch onoff
Testreport?
Testsquelch?
 Teststate runstop
Teststate?
 Testthres
Testthres?
 Winbitlen?
Winerror?
Winbitlen
Winbits?
 Winprev currentprevious
Winmode bitssec
Winmode?
Winprev?
 Winreport onoff
Winrate?
Winreport?
 Winseclen?
Winseclen s
Wintime?
 Printenable?
Printenable onoff
Printport parallel gpib serial
 Printstring s
Printport?
Printport Parallel
 Audioratup v and audioratdn
Audioratup and audioratdn
Audiorate
 Audiovol
Audiorate?
Audiovol?
 Audiovolup and audiovoldn
Audiovolup v and audiovoldn
 Date yyyy-mm-dd
Date?
 Time s
Time?
 MB Option Commands
 Byteblock a, i, b1, ..., bn
 Byteblock? a
 Bytedelete a
 Byteedit a, b1
Byteedit? a
 Bytefill i, b1, b2, ..., bn
Byteinsert a, i, b1, ..., bn
 Bytelength m, n
Bytelength?
 Bytemode n
Bytemode?
 Bytesync? Analyzer only
Ratio errors/bits
Bytesync n Analyzer only
Level
 Editbegin n
 Editcntrl?
Editend n
 102
 Using the Gpib Interface
Gpib Interface Device Settings
 Programming Gpib Remote Commands
Gpib Connector Pin-Outs
Interface Functions
 Gpib Status Reporting
Gpib Numeric Responses
Status Byte
 Service Request SRQ
Service Request Enable
Standard Event Status Register
 Test Status Event Enable Register Analyzer only
Standard Event Status Enable Register
Test Status Event Register Analyzer only
 Power-on settings
Gpib Common Commands
Additional SRQ Gpib Commands Rx only
IEEE-488.2 Programming Manual Requirements
 Functional Elements
Specific Command Implementations
Overlapped vs. Sequential Commands
Self Test Query
 Using the RS-232 Interface Option
RS-232 Interface Device Settings
 RS-232 Interface Testing
RS-232 Interface Hardware/ Handshaking Considerations
 Programming RS-232C Remote Commands
 RS-232C Error Messages
 Using GPIB, RS-232
 Customer Acceptance Test For GB1400 Generator & Analyzer
 Performance Verification
 Functional Test
 Setup for Functional Test of Standard Instrument
 Confirmation of Frequency Function
 Confirmation of Generator Output Data Level Change
 Confirmation of Error Injection Rates
 Confirmation of Selectable Analyzer Terminations
 Performance Verification
 Confirmation of Buttons and Indicators
 Panel Lock On OFF Addr
 Using Front Panel Controls
Returning to Factory Default Settings
How to Recall Factory Default Settings
Via Remote Control
 Data Pattern
Generator TX Factory Default Settings
CLOCK/ Data Outputs
 CR/LF
Remote Interfaces
EOI/LF
Misc
 Error Beeper
Analyzer RX Factory Default Settings
Auto Search/Pattern Synchronization
 Current BER
Time and Date
Printer
Test Parameters
 Misc
 Cleaning the CRT
Cleaning the Exterior
Cleaning the Interior
 Cleaning Instructions
 What is MLPE?
Pattern Editor Requirements and Features
Before You Begin
 List of Features
Minimum Requirements
 If you are using an alternate shell, such as Norton Desktop
List of Files on this Disk
 RS-232 Cabling
Page
Page
 Read Before Opening Sealed Wrapper
 Pattern Editing Software
 Pattern Editing Software
 Pattern Editing Software
 PLL Clock Source PCB
Design Overview
Data Generator PCB
 Data and Clock Output Amplifier PCB
 GB1400 Analyzer RX
Input Amplifier PCB
 Common to both GB1400 TX and GB1400 RX
Error Counter PCB
Front Panel PCB
 GB1400 Tx
 Figure I-2. Block Diagram GB1400 RX
 Glossary/ Index
 Analog-to-Digital Converter
Bit Error
Address
Attenuation
 Byte
Error Detection
Bit Rate
Channel
 Noise
Residual error rate
Multi-Channel Cable
RS-232C
 Glossary-4
 Auto Search
Appendices
 Figures
 Index-3
 Tables