This document supports firmware version 2.2 and above
Page
Warranty
How to Reach Customer Service
TEK-WIDE
Table of Contents
Tutorial
Table of Contents
Menus
Gpib
Theory of Operation Glossary Glossary-1 Index Index-1
List of Figures
List of Tables
Safety
SMA Connectors
Behavior of Outputs Turning Power On or Off
Do Not Remove Instrument Covers
Static Sensitive Device Notice
How This Manual is Organized
Conventions
Related Manuals
Xvi
Getting Started
GB1400 Pattern Generator and Error Detector
Features
Symmetrical, Low-Jitter Output Waveforms
Applications
Prbs Or User-Defined Test Patterns
Sample Applications
Adjustable Inputs For Maximum Flexibility
Auto Search For Easy Setup
Powerful Analysis And Reporting Functions
Burst Mode
Ordering Information
GigaBERT GB1400
GB1400T
GB1400R
GB Comparison GB660/CSA907A GB700 GB1400 Feature Tx and Rx
GB1400 Instrument Configurations Standard and Burst Option
GB1400 with Burst Option
Initial Self-Check Procedure
Procedure
Page
Operating Basics
Functional Overview
Bert Basics GB1400
Example, Bert Application
Clock Data
Controls, Indicators and Connectors
Front Panel, GB1400 Generator Tx
Front Panel, GB1400 Analyzer RX
Display Formats
1405000 PN23
Generator Tx Display
Frequency kHz Pattern Output
Frequency kHz Error Rate Totalize
Delay/ Memory
1405000 0E-06 2410538 PN23
Analyzer RX Display
Page
Generator Output Connectors Section
Outputs and Inputs
= clock bar = not clock
Generator Clock Section
Generator Output Section
Generator Rear Panel
Changing the Line Fuse
Analyzer Input Section
Analyzer Monitor Section
Analyzer Rear Panel
Connectors, Terminations, and Levels
DATA/DATA BAR
Controls and Indicators
Power Switches
Reset to Factory Default
View Angle and Panel Lock Keys
Gpib Section Controls
Pattern Controls and Function Keys
Function Soft Keys F1, F2, F3, and F4
Analyzer Inputs
Generator Error Inject Section
Affected Input Allowable Control
Analyzer Error History Section
Sync Loss
Analyzer Error Detection Section
Analyzer Sync Controls
Burst Mode Option
Burst Mode Usage
Specifications for Burst Mode
Transmitter Burst Mode Option
Data Value
Display Setting
Pecl Option for GB1400 Tx
ECL Levels Pecl Levels
Basic Bert testing with the GB1400
Key Feature of Tutorial
Objective of Tutorial
Equipment Required
Setup units with default settings
Instrument Connections and Controls
Setup Generator for PRBS-23 Mode
Connect the Generator to the Analyzer
Setup Analyzer for AUTO-SEARCH Operation
Change the Prbs pattern type
Turn off Auto Search and change Generator Outputs
Key several times to setup the analyzer for totalize
Data signal not detected. Selected
Your data signal
Error Rate display shows no Data or a 50% Error Rate
You are starting to detect the data signal
This Concludes the Tutorial
Applications
Two Auto Search Synchronization Methods
Phase
Application Note Auto Search Synchronization
Auto Search will find the Data Delay
Auto Search Algorithm Fast Method
Auto Search will find the Data V-THRESHOLD voltage
II. Auto Search Algorithm BER Method
Auto Search will find the Data Pattern and Polarity
Auto Search will then attempt to find the Data Pattern
Auto Search will determine the Data Delay
Page
Delay Specifications
Consideration In Determining The Eye Data Width
Consideration In Determining The Data Eye Center
GB700/ GB1400 Optical Component Test
Fiber Optic Link Test Example
Fibre Channel Link Testing Parallel and High-speed Serial
Testing Qpsk Modems, I & Q
Qpsk
Qpsk BER Testing using Prbs Data for 2-Channel I & Q
Channel Bert
Application Example
Reference
Turning Instrument Power ON/OFF
Menu Overview
Functions Common to Generator TX and Analyzer RX
Selecting 115 VAC or 230 VAC Operation
Recalling the Default Setup
Selecting a Pattern
Locking the Front Panel
Pattern Definitions
Selecting the Active Pattern
Selecting Prbs Patterns
Selecting the Current Word Pattern
Prbs 2n-1 Test Patterns
Selecting RECALLing a Saved Word Pattern
Word
Creating Word Patterns Using Front Panel Controls
Word Patterns
Basics
Standard Instruments
Instruments Equipped with 1-Mbit Option
Creating Word Patterns Using Menus
Length Fill
Order
Creating Word Patterns Under Remote Control
Saving Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory Option
Recalling Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory Option
Generator TX Functions
Clock Source and Frequency
External Clock Input
Clock Source
Saving a Frequency
Recalling a Frequency
Data and Clock Outputs
Overview
Generator Clock and Data Output Equivalent Circuits
Output Setup Rules vs. Termination Impedance
Amplitude and Baseline Offset
Logically Inverting Output Data D-INV
Procedure for Single-ended Operation TX only
Procedure for Differential Operation TX only
Single-ended or Differential Operation
Pattern Sync and CLOCK/4 Outputs
Error Injection
Selecting an Error Inject Mode
Error Inject Input
Procedure to Control Error Injection Mode
Data Inhibit Logic
Automatic Setup Functions Sync
Disable Key
Analyzer RX Functions
Auto Search Key
Actions Taken by Analyzer when Synchronization is Lost
Auto Search With Prbs Patterns
How to Disable Automatic Pattern Resynchronization
Relationship between Auto Search and Disable
Auto Search with Non-PRBS Patterns
Procedure to Set Sync Threshold
Synchronization Lock Threshold
Synchronization Threshold
Clock, Data, and Reference Data Inputs
Input Parameters
Input Data Delay
How F2 and F3 Determine Which Input Can be Set Up
Procedure to Add Delay
Controls
Procedure for Selecting Input Termination
Input Termination
Input Terminations for CLOCK, DATA, and REF Data
Input Decision Threshold
Logically Inverting Input Data
Input Threshold Range as a Function of Termination
Selecting the Reference Data Mode
Procedure for Selecting the Reference Data Mode
Singled-ended or Differential Operation
Output Setup
Monitor Outputs
Error Detection Set Up
BER
How Totalize Results are Measured
How Window Results Are Measured
How Test Results Are Measured
Window Measurement Process
Test Measurement Process
Display Mode Totalize, Window, or Test
Totalize Process Set Up
Procedure to Select a Results Display Mode
How to Tell Which Display Mode is Active
Window Process Set Up
Procedure
Test Process Set Up
BER and Bit Errors
Procedure to View Desired BER and Bit Error Results
Viewing Results
All Other Results Test Process only
Basic Report Setup Procedure
Printing Results Reports
Analyzer Setup Report
Example Analyzer Setup Report
Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Test Reports
End-of-Test Reports
Example End-of-Test Report
Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Window Reports
End-of-Window Reports
Example End-of-Window Report
On-Error Reports
Example On-Error Report
Procedure to Enable On-Error Reports
Procedure to Generate an On-Demand Test Summary Report
Result Definitions
BER = TE / TB
All Other Results Test Intervals Only
ES = TSE US
Error History Indicators
Analyzer performance history indicators are
Located in the Error History section of the front
Panel. These indicators will latch on when the indicated
Analyzer Error Messages
Procedure To Set Up the Audio Alert Function
Clear Control
Audio Beeper Function
Procedure for Starting the Test Measurement Process
Procedure for Stopping the Test Process
Starting and Stopping Measurements
Starting New Totalize and Window Measurement Intervals
Functions Performed Using the Menu System
Example Procedure Illustrating Menus and Functions
Menus
Menu and Function Pages
More Length Mode Report F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = Untimed
F1ESC F4SET Reports on = EOT/ERROR
General Rules for Using the Menu System
Menu Summaries
10. Menu Descriptions
11. Analyzer Menu System Overview
12. Generator Menu System Overview
Word
Menu Function Definitions
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET
Word AT ddddd = bbbbbbbb
Word Edit Edit
Format
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET LENmmmmm Bytes + n Bits
Word Length Length
Word Length
Fill Word Memory WITHhh
Word Fill Fill
F1ESC F4SET Word Order = ccc First
Word Order Order
Word Order
Word Sync Thres LEVEL= d
Word Synchronization Threshold Sync
Word Sync
Buffer
Buffer
Auto
Fast BER
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Test Length = hhmmss
Test Length Length
Test Length
F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = ccccccc
Test Mode Mode
Test Mode
F1ESC F4SET Reports on = ccccccccc
Test Reports Report
Test Report
F1ESC F4SET Error Threshold = eeeee
Test Threshold Thres
Test Thres
On Error Squelch = ccc
Test Squelch Squel
Test Squel
Test Print Print
Test Print
F1ESC F4SET result namecount %
Test View Previous VIEW-PRE
Test VIEW-PRE
Test View Current VIEW-CUR
Test VIEW-CUR
F1ESC F4SET Window Mode = ccccccc
Window Mode Mode
Window Mode
Format
F1ESC F4SET Window LEN = 1.0eEE Bits
Window Interval in Bits Bits
Window Bits
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Window LEN = hhmmss
Window Interval in HrsMinSec Second
Window Second
END of Window Print = ccc
Window Reports Report
Window Report
Baud = dddd
RS-232 Baud Rate Baud
Baud
F1ESC F4SET Parity = cccc
RS-232 Parity Parity
Parity
Size = d
RS-232 Data Bits Size
Size
F1ESC F4SET EOL = ccccc
RS-232 End-of-Line Char. EOL
EOL
F1ESC F4SET XON/XOFF Enable = ccc
RS-232 Xon/Xoff XON/XOFF
XON/XOFF
F1ESC F4SET RS232 Echo Enable = ccc
RS-232 Echo Echo
Echo
F1ESC F4SET Terminator = cccccc
Utility Option Option
Util Option
Utility Version VER
Util VER
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Date = mmm dd yy
Time Option Date
Date
F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Time = hhmmss
Time Option Time
Time
Reference
Appendices
GB1400 Generator TX
Internal Clock Source
External Clock Source
SMA
Data Patterns
Data Output True and Complement
Rear Panel Auxiliary Outputs Phase A, Phase B, Clock/2
Error Injection
Clock Output True and Complement
NRZ-L
AC-Power Requirements
RS-232 and Gpib Interfaces
Mechanical
GB1400 Analyzer
Clock Input
Data Input
Reference Data Input
AUX
Synchronization
Measurements
BER
Printer Interface
Specifications
Bert Primer/ Technical Articles
Bert Definition
Bert used to test physical layer
Bert Building Blocks
Bert Pattern Generation
Prbs Patterns
Prbs
Prbs Generation Circuits a few sample diagrams
Doutput
Other Tx Patterns
Bert Receiver or Error Analyzer Components
Bert Clock
Output Amplifiers
Data Coding, NRZ
Error Comparator
Received Data Pattern Reference
Data Input Amplifiers
BER Computation
Confidence Requires Collecting Many Errors
Stress Testing
Confidence Level in BER Measurement
Additional Reading
Other Bert Features
Eye Width Measurement
Auto-Synch
Error Insertion
Pattern Lock
Pattern Loading Software
Jitter Generation
Bit error rate testing
How long is long enough?
BER
Ideal pulse
Stressing through pattern generation
Bert Technical Articles
Bert Technical Articles
Bert Technical Articles
Ensure Accuracy Of Bit-Error Rate Tests
Page
Supplying Data Patterns
Bert
Noise-Margin Stressing
Μ F Avergage = Average =
Page
Data patterns for clock recovery stressing
Data Patterns Stored
+ Peak
Examining Jitter
2f BΦ θif B
Amplitude UI peak-to-peak Frequency
Jitter Tolerance
Bert Affects Accuracy
Example of Error Rate Measurement
Abstract
BER Measurement Inaccuracy versus Test Time
= n / T
Inaccuracy 95% = 2 σ / n ≈ 2/ n
Testing for an Upper Limit on Error Rate
Reduced Test Time by Stressing
SNR = 20 log S / N rms
Attenuation dB
Example
BER
Example
BER
Summary
Poisson Error Process
Pn = rT n e−rT . n
BER
Biography
Remote Commands
Type of Commands Starts on
Overview
Datathres
DATATHRES?
Command Line Rules
Command Line Terminator
Setting Arguments Outside of Legal Ranges
Command Examples
Command Summary Alphabetical
Bytesync n Analyzer only Bytesync?
Remote Commands
Rescurrate?
Tse?
Cls
Ese n
Ese?
Esr?
Idn?
Lrn?
Opc
Opc?
Rst
Sre n
Sre?
Stb?
Tst?
Wai
Tse v Analyzer Only
Tse? Analyzer Only
Tsr? Analyzer Only
Datainvert onoff
Datainvert?
Datapattern prbs word rdata
Datapattern?
Prbslength
Prbslength?
Recallword m
Saveword m
Wordbits l, b1 b2
Wordbits?
Wordlength l
Wordmemlen m, l
Wordmemord m, msb lsb
Wordmemord?
Wordmemord? m
Wordmemory m, l, b1, b2
Wordmemory? m
Wordorder msb lsb
Example Wordorder lsb
Page
Wordorder?
Memory allocation for Word Memory storage
Wordmemory?
Gpibaddress
Gpibaddress?
Gpibbus offbus talklisten
Gpibbus?
Rsecho onoff
Rsecho?
Rspmtlf onoff
Rspmtlf?
Rsprompt s
Rsxonxoff onoff
Rspmtlf on
Rsxonxoff?
Allmem?
Wordmemory 0, 16, #HAA, #HBB Wordmemory 1, 8, #HF0
Header on off
Header?
Logo?
Options?
Viewangle
Viewangle?
Viewangle
Clockfreq
Clockfreq?
Clockmemory?
Clockmemory m, f
Clockmemory? m
Clocksource intext
Clocksource?
Clockstep
Clockstep?
Clockstpup and clockstpdn
Clockstpup v and clockstpdn
Recallfreq m
Savefreq m
Amplitude
Amplitude?
Clockampup and clockampdn
Clockampup v and clockampdn
Clockampl
Clockampl?
Clockoffup and clockoffdn
Clockoffup v and clockoffdn
Clockoffset
Clockoffset?
Dataampup and dataampdn
Dataampup v and dataampdn
Dataampl
Dataampl?
Dataoffup and dataoffdn
Dataoffup v and dataoffdn
Dataoffset
Dataoffset?
Offset
Offset?
Errorrate offextrate3rate4rate5rate6rate7
Errorrate?
Errorsingle
Analyzer Commands
Resbits?
Rescurrate?
Resdm?
Resdmper?
Resefs?
Reserrors?
Resefsper?
Reselapsed?
Reses?
Resesper?
Reslos?
Resphaes?
Resses?
Ressesper?
Resstart?
Resstop?
Ressync?
Restes?
Restesper?
Restotrate?
Resus?
Resusper?
Totalbits?
Totalerror?
Totalrate?
Totaltime?
Clockterm neg2v gnd ac
Clockterm?
Datadelup and datadeldn
Datadelay
Datadelay?
Datadelup v and datadeldn
Dataterm neg2v gnd ac
Dataterm?
Datathrup and datathrdn
Datathrup v and datathrdn
Datathres
Datathres?
Rdatadelup and rdatadeldn
Rdatadelup v and rdatadeldn
Rdatadelay
Rdatadelay?
Rdataterm neg2v gnd ac
Rdataterm?
Rdatathrup and rdatathrdn
Rdatathrup v and rdatathrdn
Rdatathres
Rdatathres?
Autosearch auto off disab
Autosearch?
Automode ber, fast
Automode?
Autosample n
Autosample?
Autothresh n
Autothresh?
Autowidth?
Errorreset
Dispselect total window test
Dispselect?
Histrybits?
Histryclear
Histryphase?
Histrypower?
Histryphase on
Histrystat?
Histrysync?
Sync?
Testdiscard
Testlength t
Testlength?
Testmode untimedtimedrepeat
Testmode?
Testprev currentprevious
Testreport eotonerrorbothnone
Testprev?
Testprint
Testreport?
Testsquelch onoff
Testsquelch?
Teststate runstop
Teststate?
Testthres
Testthres?
Winerror?
Winbitlen
Winbitlen?
Winbits?
Winmode bitssec
Winmode?
Winprev currentprevious
Winprev?
Winrate?
Winreport onoff
Winreport?
Winseclen s
Winseclen?
Wintime?
Printenable onoff
Printenable?
Printport parallel gpib serial
Printport?
Printstring s
Printport Parallel
Audioratup and audioratdn
Audioratup v and audioratdn
Audiorate
Audiorate?
Audiovol
Audiovol?
Audiovolup and audiovoldn
Audiovolup v and audiovoldn
Date yyyy-mm-dd
Date?
Time s
Time?
MB Option Commands
Byteblock a, i, b1, ..., bn
Byteblock? a
Bytedelete a
Byteedit a, b1
Byteedit? a
Bytefill i, b1, b2, ..., bn
Byteinsert a, i, b1, ..., bn
Bytelength m, n
Bytelength?
Bytemode n
Bytemode?
Ratio errors/bits
Bytesync n Analyzer only
Bytesync? Analyzer only
Level
Editbegin n
Editcntrl?
Editend n
102
Using the Gpib Interface
Gpib Interface Device Settings
Gpib Connector Pin-Outs
Programming Gpib Remote Commands
Interface Functions
Gpib Numeric Responses
Gpib Status Reporting
Status Byte
Service Request Enable
Service Request SRQ
Standard Event Status Register
Standard Event Status Enable Register
Test Status Event Enable Register Analyzer only
Test Status Event Register Analyzer only
Gpib Common Commands
Additional SRQ Gpib Commands Rx only
Power-on settings
IEEE-488.2 Programming Manual Requirements
Specific Command Implementations
Overlapped vs. Sequential Commands
Functional Elements
Self Test Query
Using the RS-232 Interface Option
RS-232 Interface Device Settings
RS-232 Interface Testing
RS-232 Interface Hardware/ Handshaking Considerations
Programming RS-232C Remote Commands
RS-232C Error Messages
Using GPIB, RS-232
Customer Acceptance Test For GB1400 Generator & Analyzer
Performance Verification
Functional Test
Setup for Functional Test of Standard Instrument
Confirmation of Frequency Function
Confirmation of Generator Output Data Level Change
Confirmation of Error Injection Rates
Confirmation of Selectable Analyzer Terminations
Performance Verification
Confirmation of Buttons and Indicators
Panel Lock On OFF Addr
Returning to Factory Default Settings
How to Recall Factory Default Settings
Using Front Panel Controls
Via Remote Control
Generator TX Factory Default Settings
Data Pattern
CLOCK/ Data Outputs
Remote Interfaces
EOI/LF
CR/LF
Misc
Analyzer RX Factory Default Settings
Error Beeper
Auto Search/Pattern Synchronization
Time and Date
Printer
Current BER
Test Parameters
Misc
Cleaning the Exterior
Cleaning the CRT
Cleaning the Interior
Cleaning Instructions
Pattern Editor Requirements and Features
What is MLPE?
Before You Begin
List of Features
Minimum Requirements
If you are using an alternate shell, such as Norton Desktop
List of Files on this Disk
RS-232 Cabling
Page
Page
Read Before Opening Sealed Wrapper
Pattern Editing Software
Pattern Editing Software
Pattern Editing Software
Design Overview
PLL Clock Source PCB
Data Generator PCB
Data and Clock Output Amplifier PCB
GB1400 Analyzer RX
Input Amplifier PCB
Error Counter PCB
Common to both GB1400 TX and GB1400 RX
Front Panel PCB
GB1400 Tx
Figure I-2. Block Diagram GB1400 RX
Glossary/ Index
Bit Error
Address
Analog-to-Digital Converter
Attenuation
Error Detection
Bit Rate
Byte
Channel
Residual error rate
Multi-Channel Cable
Noise
RS-232C
Glossary-4
Auto Search
Appendices
Figures
Index-3
Tables