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Tektronix 071-0590-00 Multi-Channel Cable, Noise, Residual error rate, RS-232C, Rx, Receiver

Models: 071-0590-00

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Glossary

Multi-Channel Cable

An optical cable having more than one fiber.

Noise

Unwanted signals that combine with and hence distort the signal intended for transmission and reception.

Residual error rate

The error rate remaining after attempts at correction are made.

RS-232C

A physical layer interface standard for the interconnection of equipment.

Rx, Receiver

An abbreviation for Receiver

A detector and electronic circuitry to change optical signals to electrical signals.

Tx, Transmitter

An abbreviation for Transmitter

A driver and source used to change electrical signals to optical signals.

GB1400 User Manual

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Tektronix 071-0590-00 user manual Multi-Channel Cable, Noise, Residual error rate, RS-232C, Rx, Receiver, Tx, Transmitter

Contents

This document supports firmware version 2.2 and above Page Warranty TEK-WIDE How to Reach Customer ServiceTable of Contents Tutorial Table of Contents Menus Theory of Operation Glossary Glossary-1 Index Index-1 GpibList of Figures List of Tables Safety Static Sensitive Device Notice SMA ConnectorsBehavior of Outputs Turning Power On or Off Do Not Remove Instrument CoversConventions How This Manual is OrganizedRelated Manuals Xvi Getting Started Features GB1400 Pattern Generator and Error DetectorSample Applications Symmetrical, Low-Jitter Output WaveformsApplications Prbs Or User-Defined Test PatternsBurst Mode Adjustable Inputs For Maximum FlexibilityAuto Search For Easy Setup Powerful Analysis And Reporting FunctionsGB1400R Ordering InformationGigaBERT GB1400 GB1400TGB Comparison GB660/CSA907A GB700 GB1400 Feature Tx and Rx GB1400 with Burst Option GB1400 Instrument Configurations Standard and Burst OptionProcedure Initial Self-Check ProcedurePage Operating Basics Functional Overview Example, Bert Application Bert Basics GB1400Clock Data Front Panel, GB1400 Generator Tx Controls, Indicators and ConnectorsFront Panel, GB1400 Analyzer RX Frequency kHz Pattern Output Display Formats1405000 PN23 Generator Tx DisplayAnalyzer RX Display Frequency kHz Error Rate TotalizeDelay/ Memory 1405000 0E-06 2410538 PN23Page = clock bar = not clock Generator Output Connectors SectionOutputs and Inputs Generator Clock Section Generator Output Section Changing the Line Fuse Generator Rear PanelAnalyzer Input Section Analyzer Monitor Section Analyzer Rear Panel Connectors, Terminations, and Levels DATA/DATA BAR View Angle and Panel Lock Keys Controls and IndicatorsPower Switches Reset to Factory DefaultGpib Section Controls Pattern Controls and Function Keys Analyzer Inputs Function Soft Keys F1, F2, F3, and F4Generator Error Inject Section Affected Input Allowable Control Sync Loss Analyzer Error History SectionAnalyzer Sync Controls Analyzer Error Detection SectionBurst Mode Option Specifications for Burst Mode Burst Mode UsageData Value Transmitter Burst Mode OptionECL Levels Pecl Levels Display SettingPecl Option for GB1400 Tx Equipment Required Basic Bert testing with the GB1400Key Feature of Tutorial Objective of TutorialInstrument Connections and Controls Setup units with default settingsConnect the Generator to the Analyzer Setup Generator for PRBS-23 ModeSetup Analyzer for AUTO-SEARCH Operation Turn off Auto Search and change Generator Outputs Change the Prbs pattern typeKey several times to setup the analyzer for totalize You are starting to detect the data signal Data signal not detected. SelectedYour data signal Error Rate display shows no Data or a 50% Error RateThis Concludes the Tutorial Two Auto Search Synchronization Methods ApplicationsPhase Application Note Auto Search Synchronization Auto Search will find the Data V-THRESHOLD voltage Auto Search will find the Data DelayAuto Search Algorithm Fast Method Auto Search will then attempt to find the Data Pattern II. Auto Search Algorithm BER MethodAuto Search will find the Data Pattern and Polarity Auto Search will determine the Data Delay Page Consideration In Determining The Data Eye Center Delay SpecificationsConsideration In Determining The Eye Data Width Fiber Optic Link Test Example GB700/ GB1400 Optical Component TestFibre Channel Link Testing Parallel and High-speed Serial Qpsk Testing Qpsk Modems, I & QChannel Bert Qpsk BER Testing using Prbs Data for 2-Channel I & QApplication Example Reference Selecting 115 VAC or 230 VAC Operation Turning Instrument Power ON/OFFMenu Overview Functions Common to Generator TX and Analyzer RXPattern Definitions Recalling the Default SetupSelecting a Pattern Locking the Front PanelPrbs 2n-1 Test Patterns Selecting the Active PatternSelecting Prbs Patterns Selecting the Current Word PatternWord Selecting RECALLing a Saved Word PatternStandard Instruments Creating Word Patterns Using Front Panel ControlsWord Patterns BasicsInstruments Equipped with 1-Mbit Option Order Creating Word Patterns Using MenusLength Fill Creating Word Patterns Under Remote Control Recalling Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory Option Saving Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory OptionClock Source Generator TX FunctionsClock Source and Frequency External Clock InputRecalling a Frequency Saving a FrequencyOverview Data and Clock OutputsGenerator Clock and Data Output Equivalent Circuits Amplitude and Baseline Offset Output Setup Rules vs. Termination ImpedanceLogically Inverting Output Data D-INV Pattern Sync and CLOCK/4 Outputs Procedure for Single-ended Operation TX onlyProcedure for Differential Operation TX only Single-ended or Differential OperationSelecting an Error Inject Mode Error InjectionData Inhibit Logic Error Inject InputProcedure to Control Error Injection Mode Auto Search Key Automatic Setup Functions SyncDisable Key Analyzer RX FunctionsAuto Search With Prbs Patterns Actions Taken by Analyzer when Synchronization is LostAuto Search with Non-PRBS Patterns How to Disable Automatic Pattern ResynchronizationRelationship between Auto Search and Disable Synchronization Threshold Procedure to Set Sync ThresholdSynchronization Lock Threshold Input Parameters Clock, Data, and Reference Data InputsControls Input Data DelayHow F2 and F3 Determine Which Input Can be Set Up Procedure to Add DelayInput Terminations for CLOCK, DATA, and REF Data Procedure for Selecting Input TerminationInput Termination Input Threshold Range as a Function of Termination Input Decision ThresholdLogically Inverting Input Data Singled-ended or Differential Operation Selecting the Reference Data ModeProcedure for Selecting the Reference Data Mode Monitor Outputs Output SetupBER Error Detection Set UpHow Window Results Are Measured How Totalize Results are MeasuredWindow Measurement Process How Test Results Are MeasuredTest Measurement Process How to Tell Which Display Mode is Active Display Mode Totalize, Window, or TestTotalize Process Set Up Procedure to Select a Results Display ModeProcedure Window Process Set UpTest Process Set Up All Other Results Test Process only BER and Bit ErrorsProcedure to View Desired BER and Bit Error Results Viewing ResultsPrinting Results Reports Basic Report Setup ProcedureExample Analyzer Setup Report Analyzer Setup ReportExample End-of-Test Report Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Test ReportsEnd-of-Test Reports Example End-of-Window Report Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Window ReportsEnd-of-Window Reports Procedure to Generate an On-Demand Test Summary Report On-Error ReportsExample On-Error Report Procedure to Enable On-Error ReportsAll Other Results Test Intervals Only Result DefinitionsBER = TE / TB ES = TSE US Panel. These indicators will latch on when the indicated Error History IndicatorsAnalyzer performance history indicators are Located in the Error History section of the frontAudio Beeper Function Analyzer Error MessagesProcedure To Set Up the Audio Alert Function Clear ControlStarting and Stopping Measurements Procedure for Starting the Test Measurement ProcessProcedure for Stopping the Test Process Starting New Totalize and Window Measurement Intervals Menu and Function Pages Functions Performed Using the Menu SystemExample Procedure Illustrating Menus and Functions MenusMore Length Mode Report F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = Untimed F1ESC F4SET Reports on = EOT/ERROR General Rules for Using the Menu System 10. Menu Descriptions Menu Summaries11. Analyzer Menu System Overview Word 12. Generator Menu System OverviewMenu Function Definitions Format F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SETWord AT ddddd = bbbbbbbb Word Edit EditWord Length F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET LENmmmmm Bytes + n BitsWord Length Length Word Fill Fill Fill Word Memory WITHhhWord Order F1ESC F4SET Word Order = ccc FirstWord Order Order Word Sync Word Sync Thres LEVEL= dWord Synchronization Threshold Sync Buffer BufferFast BER AutoTest Length F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Test Length = hhmmssTest Length Length Test Mode F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = cccccccTest Mode Mode Test Report F1ESC F4SET Reports on = cccccccccTest Reports Report Test Thres F1ESC F4SET Error Threshold = eeeeeTest Threshold Thres Test Squel On Error Squelch = cccTest Squelch Squel Test Print Test Print PrintTest VIEW-PRE F1ESC F4SET result namecount %Test View Previous VIEW-PRE Test VIEW-CUR Test View Current VIEW-CURWindow Mode F1ESC F4SET Window Mode = cccccccWindow Mode Mode Window Bits FormatF1ESC F4SET Window LEN = 1.0eEE Bits Window Interval in Bits BitsWindow Second F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Window LEN = hhmmssWindow Interval in HrsMinSec Second Window Report END of Window Print = cccWindow Reports Report Baud Baud = ddddRS-232 Baud Rate Baud Parity F1ESC F4SET Parity = ccccRS-232 Parity Parity Size Size = dRS-232 Data Bits Size EOL F1ESC F4SET EOL = cccccRS-232 End-of-Line Char. EOL XON/XOFF F1ESC F4SET XON/XOFF Enable = cccRS-232 Xon/Xoff XON/XOFF Echo F1ESC F4SET RS232 Echo Enable = cccRS-232 Echo Echo F1ESC F4SET Terminator = cccccc Util Option Utility Option OptionUtil VER Utility Version VERDate F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Date = mmm dd yyTime Option Date Time F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Time = hhmmssTime Option Time Reference Appendices SMA GB1400 Generator TXInternal Clock Source External Clock SourceData Output True and Complement Data PatternsNRZ-L Rear Panel Auxiliary Outputs Phase A, Phase B, Clock/2Error Injection Clock Output True and ComplementMechanical AC-Power RequirementsRS-232 and Gpib Interfaces Data Input GB1400 AnalyzerClock Input Reference Data Input Synchronization AUXBER MeasurementsPrinter Interface Specifications Bert Primer/ Technical Articles Bert Building Blocks Bert DefinitionBert used to test physical layer Prbs Patterns Bert Pattern GenerationPrbs Doutput Prbs Generation Circuits a few sample diagramsOther Tx Patterns Data Coding, NRZ Bert Receiver or Error Analyzer ComponentsBert Clock Output AmplifiersBER Computation Error ComparatorReceived Data Pattern Reference Data Input AmplifiersAdditional Reading Confidence Requires Collecting Many ErrorsStress Testing Confidence Level in BER MeasurementAuto-Synch Other Bert FeaturesEye Width Measurement Pattern Loading Software Error InsertionPattern Lock Jitter Generation Bit error rate testing How long is long enough? BER Ideal pulse Stressing through pattern generation Bert Technical Articles Bert Technical Articles Bert Technical Articles Ensure Accuracy Of Bit-Error Rate Tests Page Bert Supplying Data PatternsNoise-Margin Stressing Μ F Avergage = Average = Page Data Patterns Stored Data patterns for clock recovery stressingExamining Jitter + Peak2f BΦ θif B Jitter Tolerance Amplitude UI peak-to-peak FrequencyBert Affects Accuracy Abstract Example of Error Rate Measurement= n / T BER Measurement Inaccuracy versus Test TimeInaccuracy 95% = 2 σ / n ≈ 2/ n Reduced Test Time by Stressing Testing for an Upper Limit on Error RateSNR = 20 log S / N rms Attenuation dB BER ExampleExample BER Summary Pn = rT n e−rT . n Poisson Error ProcessBER Biography Type of Commands Starts on Remote CommandsOverview DATATHRES? DatathresCommand Line Terminator Command Line RulesSetting Arguments Outside of Legal Ranges Command Examples Command Summary Alphabetical Bytesync n Analyzer only Bytesync? Remote Commands Rescurrate? Tse? Ese n ClsIdn? Ese?Esr? Opc? Lrn?Opc Sre n RstStb? Sre?Tse? Analyzer Only Tst?Wai Tse v Analyzer OnlyTsr? Analyzer Only Datapattern prbs word rdata Datainvert onoffDatainvert? Prbslength? Datapattern?Prbslength Wordbits l, b1 b2 Recallword mSaveword m Wordmemlen m, l Wordbits?Wordlength l Wordmemord? m Wordmemord m, msb lsbWordmemord? Wordmemory? m Wordmemory m, l, b1, b2Example Wordorder lsb Wordorder msb lsbPage Memory allocation for Word Memory storage Wordorder?Wordmemory? Gpibbus offbus talklisten GpibaddressGpibaddress? Rspmtlf onoff Gpibbus?Rsecho onoff Rsecho?Rspmtlf on Rspmtlf?Rsprompt s Rsxonxoff onoffRsxonxoff? Wordmemory 0, 16, #HAA, #HBB Wordmemory 1, 8, #HF0 Allmem?Logo? Header on offHeader? Viewangle Options?Viewangle Viewangle?Clockmemory? ClockfreqClockfreq? Clocksource? Clockmemory m, fClockmemory? m Clocksource intextClockstpup v and clockstpdn ClockstepClockstep? Clockstpup and clockstpdnSavefreq m Recallfreq mClockampup and clockampdn AmplitudeAmplitude? Clockoffup and clockoffdn Clockampup v and clockampdnClockampl Clockampl?Dataampup and dataampdn Clockoffup v and clockoffdnClockoffset Clockoffset?Dataoffup and dataoffdn Dataampup v and dataampdnDataampl Dataampl?Dataoffset? Dataoffup v and dataoffdnDataoffset Offset? OffsetErrorsingle Errorrate offextrate3rate4rate5rate6rate7Errorrate? Analyzer Commands Rescurrate? Resbits?Resefs? Resdm?Resdmper? Reselapsed? Reserrors?Resefsper? Reslos? Reses?Resesper? Ressesper? Resphaes?Resses? Ressync? Resstart?Resstop? Restotrate? Restes?Restesper? Totalbits? Resus?Resusper? Totaltime? Totalerror?Totalrate? Clockterm? Clockterm neg2v gnd acDatadelup and datadeldn Datadelup v and datadeldn DatadelayDatadelay? Dataterm? Dataterm neg2v gnd acDatathres Datathrup and datathrdnDatathrup v and datathrdn Rdatadelup v and rdatadeldn Datathres?Rdatadelup and rdatadeldn Rdataterm? RdatadelayRdatadelay? Rdataterm neg2v gnd acRdatathres Rdatathrup and rdatathrdnRdatathrup v and rdatathrdn Rdatathres? Autosearch? Autosearch auto off disabAutomode? Automode ber, fastAutosample? Autosample nAutowidth? Autothresh nAutothresh? Dispselect? ErrorresetDispselect total window test Histryclear Histrybits?Histrystat? Histryphase?Histrypower? Histryphase onSync? Histrysync?Testlength? TestdiscardTestlength t Testprev currentprevious Testmode untimedtimedrepeatTestmode? Testprint Testreport eotonerrorbothnoneTestprev? Testsquelch? Testreport?Testsquelch onoff Teststate? Teststate runstopTestthres? TestthresWinbits? Winerror?Winbitlen Winbitlen?Winprev? Winmode bitssecWinmode? Winprev currentpreviousWinreport? Winrate?Winreport onoff Wintime? Winseclen sWinseclen? Printport parallel gpib serial Printenable onoffPrintenable? Printport Parallel Printport?Printstring s Audiorate Audioratup and audioratdnAudioratup v and audioratdn Audiovol? Audiorate?Audiovol Audiovolup v and audiovoldn Audiovolup and audiovoldnDate? Date yyyy-mm-ddTime? Time sMB Option Commands Byteblock a, i, b1, ..., bn Byteblock? a Bytedelete a Byteedit? a Byteedit a, b1Byteinsert a, i, b1, ..., bn Bytefill i, b1, b2, ..., bnBytelength? Bytelength m, nBytemode? Bytemode nLevel Ratio errors/bitsBytesync n Analyzer only Bytesync? Analyzer onlyEditbegin n Editend n Editcntrl?102 Gpib Interface Device Settings Using the Gpib InterfaceInterface Functions Gpib Connector Pin-OutsProgramming Gpib Remote Commands Status Byte Gpib Numeric ResponsesGpib Status Reporting Standard Event Status Register Service Request EnableService Request SRQ Test Status Event Register Analyzer only Standard Event Status Enable RegisterTest Status Event Enable Register Analyzer only IEEE-488.2 Programming Manual Requirements Gpib Common CommandsAdditional SRQ Gpib Commands Rx only Power-on settingsSelf Test Query Specific Command ImplementationsOverlapped vs. Sequential Commands Functional ElementsRS-232 Interface Device Settings Using the RS-232 Interface OptionRS-232 Interface Hardware/ Handshaking Considerations RS-232 Interface TestingProgramming RS-232C Remote Commands RS-232C Error Messages Using GPIB, RS-232 Customer Acceptance Test For GB1400 Generator & Analyzer Performance Verification Functional Test Setup for Functional Test of Standard Instrument Confirmation of Frequency Function Confirmation of Generator Output Data Level Change Confirmation of Error Injection Rates Confirmation of Selectable Analyzer Terminations Performance Verification Confirmation of Buttons and Indicators Panel Lock On OFF Addr Via Remote Control Returning to Factory Default SettingsHow to Recall Factory Default Settings Using Front Panel ControlsCLOCK/ Data Outputs Generator TX Factory Default SettingsData Pattern Misc Remote InterfacesEOI/LF CR/LFAuto Search/Pattern Synchronization Analyzer RX Factory Default SettingsError Beeper Test Parameters Time and DatePrinter Current BERMisc Cleaning the Interior Cleaning the ExteriorCleaning the CRT Cleaning Instructions Before You Begin Pattern Editor Requirements and FeaturesWhat is MLPE? Minimum Requirements List of FeaturesList of Files on this Disk If you are using an alternate shell, such as Norton DesktopRS-232 Cabling Page Page Read Before Opening Sealed Wrapper Pattern Editing Software Pattern Editing Software Pattern Editing Software Data Generator PCB Design OverviewPLL Clock Source PCB Data and Clock Output Amplifier PCB Input Amplifier PCB GB1400 Analyzer RXFront Panel PCB Error Counter PCBCommon to both GB1400 TX and GB1400 RX GB1400 Tx Figure I-2. Block Diagram GB1400 RX Glossary/ Index Attenuation Bit ErrorAddress Analog-to-Digital ConverterChannel Error DetectionBit Rate ByteRS-232C Residual error rateMulti-Channel Cable NoiseGlossary-4 Appendices Auto SearchFigures Index-3 Tables