Multi-Channel Cable, Noise, RS-232C | Tektronix 071-0590-00 instruction

Glossary

Multi-Channel Cable

An optical cable having more than one fiber.

Noise

Unwanted signals that combine with and hence distort the signal intended for transmission and reception.

Residual error rate

The error rate remaining after attempts at correction are made.

RS-232C

A physical layer interface standard for the interconnection of equipment.

Rx, Receiver

An abbreviation for Receiver

A detector and electronic circuitry to change optical signals to electrical signals.

Tx, Transmitter

An abbreviation for Transmitter

A driver and source used to change electrical signals to optical signals.

GB1400 User Manual

glossary-3

Image 371

Tektronix 071-0590-00 user manual Multi-Channel Cable, Noise, Residual error rate, RS-232C, Rx, Receiver, Tx, Transmitter

Contents

This document supports firmware version 2.2 and above Page Warranty TEK-WIDE How to Reach Customer Service Table of Contents Tutorial Table of Contents Menus Theory of Operation Glossary Glossary-1 Index Index-1 Gpib List of Figures List of Tables Safety Static Sensitive Device Notice SMA ConnectorsBehavior of Outputs Turning Power On or Off Do Not Remove Instrument Covers Conventions How This Manual is Organized Related Manuals Xvi Getting Started Features GB1400 Pattern Generator and Error Detector Sample Applications Symmetrical, Low-Jitter Output WaveformsApplications Prbs Or User-Defined Test Patterns Burst Mode Adjustable Inputs For Maximum FlexibilityAuto Search For Easy Setup Powerful Analysis And Reporting Functions GB1400R Ordering InformationGigaBERT GB1400 GB1400T GB Comparison GB660/CSA907A GB700 GB1400 Feature Tx and Rx GB1400 with Burst Option GB1400 Instrument Configurations Standard and Burst Option Procedure Initial Self-Check ProcedurePage Operating Basics Functional Overview Example, Bert Application Bert Basics GB1400 Clock Data Front Panel, GB1400 Generator Tx Controls, Indicators and Connectors Front Panel, GB1400 Analyzer RX Frequency kHz Pattern Output Display Formats1405000 PN23 Generator Tx Display Analyzer RX Display Frequency kHz Error Rate TotalizeDelay/ Memory 1405000 0E-06 2410538 PN23Page = clock bar = not clock Generator Output Connectors SectionOutputs and Inputs Generator Clock Section Generator Output Section Changing the Line Fuse Generator Rear Panel Analyzer Input Section Analyzer Monitor Section Analyzer Rear Panel Connectors, Terminations, and Levels DATA/DATA BAR View Angle and Panel Lock Keys Controls and IndicatorsPower Switches Reset to Factory Default Gpib Section Controls Pattern Controls and Function Keys Analyzer Inputs Function Soft Keys F1, F2, F3, and F4 Generator Error Inject Section Affected Input Allowable Control Sync Loss Analyzer Error History Section Analyzer Sync Controls Analyzer Error Detection Section Burst Mode Option Specifications for Burst Mode Burst Mode Usage Data Value Transmitter Burst Mode Option ECL Levels Pecl Levels Display SettingPecl Option for GB1400 Tx Equipment Required Basic Bert testing with the GB1400Key Feature of Tutorial Objective of Tutorial Instrument Connections and Controls Setup units with default settings Connect the Generator to the Analyzer Setup Generator for PRBS-23 Mode Setup Analyzer for AUTO-SEARCH Operation Turn off Auto Search and change Generator Outputs Change the Prbs pattern type Key several times to setup the analyzer for totalize You are starting to detect the data signal Data signal not detected. SelectedYour data signal Error Rate display shows no Data or a 50% Error Rate This Concludes the Tutorial Two Auto Search Synchronization Methods Applications Phase Application Note Auto Search Synchronization Auto Search will find the Data V-THRESHOLD voltage Auto Search will find the Data DelayAuto Search Algorithm Fast Method Auto Search will then attempt to find the Data Pattern II. Auto Search Algorithm BER MethodAuto Search will find the Data Pattern and Polarity Auto Search will determine the Data Delay Page Consideration In Determining The Data Eye Center Delay SpecificationsConsideration In Determining The Eye Data Width Fiber Optic Link Test Example GB700/ GB1400 Optical Component Test Fibre Channel Link Testing Parallel and High-speed Serial Qpsk Testing Qpsk Modems, I & Q Channel Bert Qpsk BER Testing using Prbs Data for 2-Channel I & Q Application Example Reference Selecting 115 VAC or 230 VAC Operation Turning Instrument Power ON/OFFMenu Overview Functions Common to Generator TX and Analyzer RX Pattern Definitions Recalling the Default SetupSelecting a Pattern Locking the Front Panel Prbs 2n-1 Test Patterns Selecting the Active PatternSelecting Prbs Patterns Selecting the Current Word Pattern Word Selecting RECALLing a Saved Word Pattern Standard Instruments Creating Word Patterns Using Front Panel ControlsWord Patterns Basics Instruments Equipped with 1-Mbit Option Order Creating Word Patterns Using MenusLength Fill Creating Word Patterns Under Remote Control Recalling Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory Option Saving Word Patterns 1-Mbit Memory Option Clock Source Generator TX FunctionsClock Source and Frequency External Clock Input Recalling a Frequency Saving a Frequency Overview Data and Clock Outputs Generator Clock and Data Output Equivalent Circuits Amplitude and Baseline Offset Output Setup Rules vs. Termination Impedance Logically Inverting Output Data D-INV Pattern Sync and CLOCK/4 Outputs Procedure for Single-ended Operation TX onlyProcedure for Differential Operation TX only Single-ended or Differential Operation Selecting an Error Inject Mode Error Injection Data Inhibit Logic Error Inject InputProcedure to Control Error Injection Mode Auto Search Key Automatic Setup Functions SyncDisable Key Analyzer RX Functions Auto Search With Prbs Patterns Actions Taken by Analyzer when Synchronization is Lost Auto Search with Non-PRBS Patterns How to Disable Automatic Pattern ResynchronizationRelationship between Auto Search and Disable Synchronization Threshold Procedure to Set Sync ThresholdSynchronization Lock Threshold Input Parameters Clock, Data, and Reference Data Inputs Controls Input Data DelayHow F2 and F3 Determine Which Input Can be Set Up Procedure to Add Delay Input Terminations for CLOCK, DATA, and REF Data Procedure for Selecting Input TerminationInput Termination Input Threshold Range as a Function of Termination Input Decision ThresholdLogically Inverting Input Data Singled-ended or Differential Operation Selecting the Reference Data ModeProcedure for Selecting the Reference Data Mode Monitor Outputs Output Setup BER Error Detection Set Up How Window Results Are Measured How Totalize Results are Measured Window Measurement Process How Test Results Are Measured Test Measurement Process How to Tell Which Display Mode is Active Display Mode Totalize, Window, or TestTotalize Process Set Up Procedure to Select a Results Display Mode Procedure Window Process Set Up Test Process Set Up All Other Results Test Process only BER and Bit ErrorsProcedure to View Desired BER and Bit Error Results Viewing Results Printing Results Reports Basic Report Setup Procedure Example Analyzer Setup Report Analyzer Setup Report Example End-of-Test Report Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Test ReportsEnd-of-Test Reports Example End-of-Window Report Procedure to Enable or Disable End-of-Window ReportsEnd-of-Window Reports Procedure to Generate an On-Demand Test Summary Report On-Error ReportsExample On-Error Report Procedure to Enable On-Error Reports All Other Results Test Intervals Only Result DefinitionsBER = TE / TB ES = TSE US Panel. These indicators will latch on when the indicated Error History IndicatorsAnalyzer performance history indicators are Located in the Error History section of the front Audio Beeper Function Analyzer Error MessagesProcedure To Set Up the Audio Alert Function Clear Control Starting and Stopping Measurements Procedure for Starting the Test Measurement ProcessProcedure for Stopping the Test Process Starting New Totalize and Window Measurement Intervals Menu and Function Pages Functions Performed Using the Menu SystemExample Procedure Illustrating Menus and Functions Menus More Length Mode Report F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = Untimed F1ESC F4SET Reports on = EOT/ERROR General Rules for Using the Menu System 10. Menu Descriptions Menu Summaries 11. Analyzer Menu System Overview Word 12. Generator Menu System Overview Menu Function Definitions Format F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SETWord AT ddddd = bbbbbbbb Word Edit Edit Word Length F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET LENmmmmm Bytes + n BitsWord Length Length Word Fill Fill Fill Word Memory WITHhh Word Order F1ESC F4SET Word Order = ccc FirstWord Order Order Word Sync Word Sync Thres LEVEL= dWord Synchronization Threshold Sync Buffer Buffer Fast BER Auto Test Length F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Test Length = hhmmssTest Length Length Test Mode F1ESC F4SET Test Mode = cccccccTest Mode Mode Test Report F1ESC F4SET Reports on = cccccccccTest Reports Report Test Thres F1ESC F4SET Error Threshold = eeeeeTest Threshold Thres Test Squel On Error Squelch = cccTest Squelch Squel Test Print Test Print Print Test VIEW-PRE F1ESC F4SET result namecount %Test View Previous VIEW-PRE Test VIEW-CUR Test View Current VIEW-CUR Window Mode F1ESC F4SET Window Mode = cccccccWindow Mode Mode Window Bits FormatF1ESC F4SET Window LEN = 1.0eEE Bits Window Interval in Bits Bits Window Second F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Window LEN = hhmmssWindow Interval in HrsMinSec Second Window Report END of Window Print = cccWindow Reports Report Baud Baud = ddddRS-232 Baud Rate Baud Parity F1ESC F4SET Parity = ccccRS-232 Parity Parity Size Size = dRS-232 Data Bits Size EOL F1ESC F4SET EOL = cccccRS-232 End-of-Line Char. EOL XON/XOFF F1ESC F4SET XON/XOFF Enable = cccRS-232 Xon/Xoff XON/XOFF Echo F1ESC F4SET RS232 Echo Enable = cccRS-232 Echo Echo F1ESC F4SET Terminator = cccccc Util Option Utility Option Option Util VER Utility Version VER Date F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Date = mmm dd yyTime Option Date Time F1ESC F2- -F3 F4SET Time = hhmmssTime Option Time Reference Appendices SMA GB1400 Generator TXInternal Clock Source External Clock Source Data Output True and Complement Data Patterns NRZ-L Rear Panel Auxiliary Outputs Phase A, Phase B, Clock/2Error Injection Clock Output True and Complement Mechanical AC-Power RequirementsRS-232 and Gpib Interfaces Data Input GB1400 AnalyzerClock Input Reference Data Input Synchronization AUX BER Measurements Printer Interface Specifications Bert Primer/ Technical Articles Bert Building Blocks Bert DefinitionBert used to test physical layer Prbs Patterns Bert Pattern Generation Prbs Doutput Prbs Generation Circuits a few sample diagrams Other Tx Patterns Data Coding, NRZ Bert Receiver or Error Analyzer ComponentsBert Clock Output Amplifiers BER Computation Error ComparatorReceived Data Pattern Reference Data Input Amplifiers Additional Reading Confidence Requires Collecting Many ErrorsStress Testing Confidence Level in BER Measurement Auto-Synch Other Bert FeaturesEye Width Measurement Pattern Loading Software Error InsertionPattern Lock Jitter Generation Bit error rate testing How long is long enough? BER Ideal pulse Stressing through pattern generation Bert Technical Articles Bert Technical Articles Bert Technical Articles Ensure Accuracy Of Bit-Error Rate Tests Page Bert Supplying Data Patterns Noise-Margin Stressing Μ F Avergage = Average = Page Data Patterns Stored Data patterns for clock recovery stressing Examining Jitter + Peak 2f BΦ θif B Jitter Tolerance Amplitude UI peak-to-peak Frequency Bert Affects Accuracy Abstract Example of Error Rate Measurement = n / T BER Measurement Inaccuracy versus Test Time Inaccuracy 95% = 2 σ / n ≈ 2/ n Reduced Test Time by Stressing Testing for an Upper Limit on Error Rate SNR = 20 log S / N rms Attenuation dB BER Example Example BER Summary Pn = rT n e−rT . n Poisson Error Process BER Biography Type of Commands Starts on Remote Commands Overview DATATHRES? Datathres Command Line Terminator Command Line Rules Setting Arguments Outside of Legal Ranges Command Examples Command Summary Alphabetical Bytesync n Analyzer only Bytesync? Remote Commands Rescurrate? Tse? Ese n Cls Idn? Ese?Esr? Opc? Lrn?Opc Sre n Rst Stb? Sre? Tse? Analyzer Only Tst?Wai Tse v Analyzer Only Tsr? Analyzer Only Datapattern prbs word rdata Datainvert onoffDatainvert? Prbslength? Datapattern?Prbslength Wordbits l, b1 b2 Recallword mSaveword m Wordmemlen m, l Wordbits?Wordlength l Wordmemord? m Wordmemord m, msb lsbWordmemord? Wordmemory? m Wordmemory m, l, b1, b2 Example Wordorder lsb Wordorder msb lsbPage Memory allocation for Word Memory storage Wordorder? Wordmemory? Gpibbus offbus talklisten GpibaddressGpibaddress? Rspmtlf onoff Gpibbus?Rsecho onoff Rsecho? Rspmtlf on Rspmtlf?Rsprompt s Rsxonxoff onoff Rsxonxoff? Wordmemory 0, 16, #HAA, #HBB Wordmemory 1, 8, #HF0 Allmem? Logo? Header on offHeader? Viewangle Options?Viewangle Viewangle? Clockmemory? ClockfreqClockfreq? Clocksource? Clockmemory m, fClockmemory? m Clocksource intext Clockstpup v and clockstpdn ClockstepClockstep? Clockstpup and clockstpdn Savefreq m Recallfreq m Clockampup and clockampdn AmplitudeAmplitude? Clockoffup and clockoffdn Clockampup v and clockampdnClockampl Clockampl? Dataampup and dataampdn Clockoffup v and clockoffdnClockoffset Clockoffset? Dataoffup and dataoffdn Dataampup v and dataampdnDataampl Dataampl? Dataoffset? Dataoffup v and dataoffdnDataoffset Offset? Offset Errorsingle Errorrate offextrate3rate4rate5rate6rate7Errorrate? Analyzer Commands Rescurrate? Resbits? Resefs? Resdm?Resdmper? Reselapsed? Reserrors?Resefsper? Reslos? Reses?Resesper? Ressesper? Resphaes?Resses? Ressync? Resstart?Resstop? Restotrate? Restes?Restesper? Totalbits? Resus?Resusper? Totaltime? Totalerror?Totalrate? Clockterm? Clockterm neg2v gnd ac Datadelup and datadeldn Datadelup v and datadeldn DatadelayDatadelay? Dataterm? Dataterm neg2v gnd ac Datathres Datathrup and datathrdnDatathrup v and datathrdn Rdatadelup v and rdatadeldn Datathres?Rdatadelup and rdatadeldn Rdataterm? RdatadelayRdatadelay? Rdataterm neg2v gnd ac Rdatathres Rdatathrup and rdatathrdnRdatathrup v and rdatathrdn Rdatathres? Autosearch? Autosearch auto off disab Automode? Automode ber, fast Autosample? Autosample n Autowidth? Autothresh nAutothresh? Dispselect? ErrorresetDispselect total window test Histryclear Histrybits? Histrystat? Histryphase?Histrypower? Histryphase on Sync? Histrysync? Testlength? TestdiscardTestlength t Testprev currentprevious Testmode untimedtimedrepeatTestmode? Testprint Testreport eotonerrorbothnoneTestprev? Testsquelch? Testreport?Testsquelch onoff Teststate? Teststate runstop Testthres? Testthres Winbits? Winerror?Winbitlen Winbitlen? Winprev? Winmode bitssecWinmode? Winprev currentprevious Winreport? Winrate?Winreport onoff Wintime? Winseclen sWinseclen? Printport parallel gpib serial Printenable onoffPrintenable? Printport Parallel Printport?Printstring s Audiorate Audioratup and audioratdnAudioratup v and audioratdn Audiovol? Audiorate?Audiovol Audiovolup v and audiovoldn Audiovolup and audiovoldn Date? Date yyyy-mm-dd Time? Time s MB Option Commands Byteblock a, i, b1, ..., bn Byteblock? a Bytedelete a Byteedit? a Byteedit a, b1 Byteinsert a, i, b1, ..., bn Bytefill i, b1, b2, ..., bn Bytelength? Bytelength m, n Bytemode? Bytemode n Level Ratio errors/bitsBytesync n Analyzer only Bytesync? Analyzer only Editbegin n Editend n Editcntrl? 102 Gpib Interface Device Settings Using the Gpib Interface Interface Functions Gpib Connector Pin-OutsProgramming Gpib Remote Commands Status Byte Gpib Numeric ResponsesGpib Status Reporting Standard Event Status Register Service Request EnableService Request SRQ Test Status Event Register Analyzer only Standard Event Status Enable RegisterTest Status Event Enable Register Analyzer only IEEE-488.2 Programming Manual Requirements Gpib Common CommandsAdditional SRQ Gpib Commands Rx only Power-on settings Self Test Query Specific Command ImplementationsOverlapped vs. Sequential Commands Functional Elements RS-232 Interface Device Settings Using the RS-232 Interface Option RS-232 Interface Hardware/ Handshaking Considerations RS-232 Interface Testing Programming RS-232C Remote Commands RS-232C Error Messages Using GPIB, RS-232 Customer Acceptance Test For GB1400 Generator & Analyzer Performance Verification Functional Test Setup for Functional Test of Standard Instrument Confirmation of Frequency Function Confirmation of Generator Output Data Level Change Confirmation of Error Injection Rates Confirmation of Selectable Analyzer Terminations Performance Verification Confirmation of Buttons and Indicators Panel Lock On OFF Addr Via Remote Control Returning to Factory Default SettingsHow to Recall Factory Default Settings Using Front Panel Controls CLOCK/ Data Outputs Generator TX Factory Default SettingsData Pattern Misc Remote InterfacesEOI/LF CR/LF Auto Search/Pattern Synchronization Analyzer RX Factory Default SettingsError Beeper Test Parameters Time and DatePrinter Current BER Misc Cleaning the Interior Cleaning the ExteriorCleaning the CRT Cleaning Instructions Before You Begin Pattern Editor Requirements and FeaturesWhat is MLPE? Minimum Requirements List of Features List of Files on this Disk If you are using an alternate shell, such as Norton Desktop RS-232 Cabling Page Page Read Before Opening Sealed Wrapper Pattern Editing Software Pattern Editing Software Pattern Editing Software Data Generator PCB Design OverviewPLL Clock Source PCB Data and Clock Output Amplifier PCB Input Amplifier PCB GB1400 Analyzer RX Front Panel PCB Error Counter PCBCommon to both GB1400 TX and GB1400 RX GB1400 Tx Figure I-2. Block Diagram GB1400 RX Glossary/ Index Attenuation Bit ErrorAddress Analog-to-Digital Converter Channel Error DetectionBit Rate Byte RS-232C Residual error rateMulti-Channel Cable Noise Glossary-4 Appendices Auto Search Figures Index-3 Tables