Main
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WARRANTY
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Table of Contents
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Appendices
List of Figures
List of Tables
Safety
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Preface
How This Manual is Organized
Conventions
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Getting Started
GB1400 Pattern Generator and Error Detector
Features
Symmetrical, Low-Jitter Output Waveforms
Applications
PRBS Or User-Defined Test Patterns
Adjustable Inputs For Maximum Flexibility
Auto Search For Easy Setup
Powerful Analysis And Reporting Functions
Front Panel Or Automated Operation
Burst Mode
Ordering Information
Getting Started
GB Comparison Feature GB660/CSA907A
Tx and Rx GB1400
Tx and Rx GB700
Tx and Rx
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Initial Self-Check Procedure
Procedure
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Functional Overview
BERT Basics - GB1400
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2-4GB1400 User Manual
Controls, Indicators and Connectors
BIT
(2) (1)
OUTPUT
AC-LINE
Figure 2-5. Front Panel, GB1400 Analyzer (RX)
Figure 2-6. Rear Panel, GB1400 Analyzer (RX)
Display Formats
Generator (Tx) Display
1405000 PN23 2.00 V AMPL FREQ 0 ERR OFF -1.00 V OFFS
PN23 INV
Analyzer (RX) Display
1405000 5.0E-06 2410538 1.2 ns PN23 -0.05 V
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Outputs and Inputs
Generator OUTPUT Connectors Section
Generator CLOCK Section
Generator OUTPUT Section
Generator Rear Panel
Changing the Line Fuse
Analyzer INPUT Section
Analyzer MONITOR Section
Analyzer Rear Panel
Changing the Line Fuse
Connectors, Terminations, and Levels
Note 1: A 75-Ohm version of the GB1400 is an option.
Controls and Indicators
Power Switches
Unit Mounting
Unit Cooling
View Angle and Panel Lock Keys
GPIB Section Controls
Pattern Controls and Function Keys
Function (Soft) Keys (F1, F2, F3, and F4)
Generator ERROR INJECT Section
Analyzer INPUT Section
Analyzer Error History Section
Analyzer ERROR DETECTION Section
Analyzer SYNC Controls
Burst Mode Option
Burst Mode Usage
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PECL Option for GB1400 Tx
Tutorial
Basic BERT testing with the GB1400
Instrument Connections and Controls
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Note - Common Setup Problems
This Concludes the Tutorial.
Applications
Method For Very Fast Automatic Receiver Synchronization And Eye Width Measurement
Two Auto Search Synchronization Methods
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I. Auto Search Algorithm Fast Method
II. AUTO SEARCH Algorithm BER Method
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Consideration In Determining The Eye Data Width
Consideration In Determining The Data Eye Center
Delay Specifications
GB700/ GB1400 Optical Component Test
Fiber Optic Link Test Example
Fibre Channel Link Testing Parallel and High-speed Serial
2-48 GB1400 User Manual
Testing QPSK Modems, I & Q
Application Note
GB1400 User Manual 2-49
QPSK BER Testing using PRBS Data for 2-Channel I & Q
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Reference
Menu Overview
Functions Common to Generator (TX) and Analyzer (RX)
AC Power
Selecting 115 VAC or 230 VAC Operation
Selecting a Pattern
Pattern Definitions
Selecting the Active Pattern
Selecting PRBS Patterns
Selecting the Current Word Pattern
Selecting (RECALLing) a Saved Word Pattern
Word Patterns
Basics
Creating Word Patterns Using Front Panel Controls
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Creating Word Patterns Using Menus
Creating Word Patterns Under Remote Control
Saving Word Patterns (1-Mbit Memory Option)
Recalling Word Patterns (1-Mbit Memory Option)
Generator (TX) Functions
Clock Source and Frequency
External Clock Input
Clock Source
Step Size and Frequency
Saving a Frequency
Recalling a Frequency
Data and Clock Outputs
Reference
GB1400 User Manual 3-13
Figure 3-2. Generator Clock and Data Output Equivalent Circuits
Amplitude and Baseline Offset
Logically Inverting Output Data (D-INV)
Single-ended or Differential Operation
Pattern Sync and CLOCK/4 Outputs
Error Injection
Selecting an Error Inject Mode
ERROR INJECT Input
Analyzer (RX) Functions
Automatic Setup Functions (SYNC )
AUTO SEARCH With PRBS Patterns
AUTO SEARCH with "Non-PRBS" Patterns
How to DISABLE Automatic Pattern Resynchronization
Relationship between AUTO SEARCH and DISABLE
Synchronization (LOCK) Threshold
Clock, Data, and Reference Data Inputs
Input Data Delay
Input Termination
Input Decision Threshold
Logically Inverting Input Data
Singled-ended or Differential Operation
Selecting the Reference Data Mode
Monitor Outputs
Error Detection Set Up
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Display Mode: Totalize, Window, or Test
Clearing Results and Starting Tests
Totalize Process Set Up
Window Process Set Up
Test Process Set Up
Viewing Results
Printing Results (Reports)
Reference
3-38 GB1400 User Manual
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Result Definitions
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Error History Indicators
CLEAR Control
Audio (Beeper) Function
Analyzer Error Messages
Starting and Stopping Measurements
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Menus
Functions Performed Using the Menu System
Menu and Function "Pages"
F1 F2 F3 F4 MORE TEST WINDOW WORD
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General Rules for Using the Menu System
Menu Summaries
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Menu Function Definitions
Word Edit (EDIT)
WORD AT ddddd = bbbbbbbb
Word Length (LENGTH)
LEN:mmmmm BYTES + n BITS
Word Fill (FILL)
FILL WORD MEMORY WITH:hh
Word Order (ORDER)
WORD ORDER = ccc FIRST
Word Synchronization Threshold (SYNC)
WORD SYNC THRES LEVEL= d
Buffer
WORD MEM: 0 1M BUFFERS
AUTO
AUTO SEARCH MODE
Test Length (LENGTH)
TEST LENGTH = hh:mm:ss
Test Mode (MODE)
TEST MODE = ccccccc
Test Reports (REPORT)
REPORTS ON = ccccccccc
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Test Squelch (SQUEL)
ON ERROR SQUELCH = ccc
Test Print (PRINT)
F4 TO PRINT TEST RESULTS
Test View Previous (VIEW-PRE)
(result name)(count) (%)
Test View Current (VIEW-CUR)
(result name)(count) (%)
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Window Interval in Hrs:Min:Sec (SECOND)
WINDOW LEN = hh:mm:ss
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RS-232 End-of-Line Char. (EOL)
EOL = ccccc
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RS-232 Echo (ECHO)
RS232 ECHO ENABLE = ccc
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Time Option (DATE)
DATE = mmm dd yy
Time Option (TIME)
TIME = hh:mm:ss
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Specifications
GB1400 Generator (TX)
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GB1400 Analyzer
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BERT Primer
BERT Definition
BERT used to test physical layer
BERT Building Blocks
BERT Pattern Generation
PRBS Patterns
BERT Primer
PRBS Generation Circuits - A few sample diagrams
output
Other Tx Patterns
BERT Clock
Output Amplifiers
Data Coding, NRZ
BERT Receiver or "Error Analyzer" Components
Received Data Pattern Reference
Data Input Amplifier(s)
Error Comparator
BER Computation
Other BER Measurements
Confidence Level in BER Measurement
Confidence Requires Collecting Many Errors
Additional Reading
Stress Testing
Other BERT Features
Eye Width Measurement
Auto-Synch
Pattern Lock
Pattern Loading Software
Error Insertion
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BERT - first and last measurement tool for transmission device design acceptability
Bit error rate testing
How long is long enough?
Stressing the transmission system
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Stressing through pattern generation
A B C D
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Ensure Accuracy Of Bit-Error Rate Tests
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BERT Technical Articles
(b)
GB1400 User Manual B-23
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(b)
(c)
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+ Peak- Peak
Ideal pulse position
Jitter modulation
Superimposed pulses with jitter modulation
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A1 A2 f1 f2 f3 f4 Frequency
Amplitude UI peak-to-peak
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Measure Error Rates Quickly and Accurately
Example of Error Rate Measurement
Time in hours
BER Measurement Inaccuracy versus Test Time
Nn n
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Testing for an Upper Limit on Error Rate
Reduced Test Time by Stressing
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Example 1
BER
Attenuation (dB)
Example 2
Example 3
BER
Attenuation (dB)
Example 3 Example 4
Example 4
Summary
Poisson Error Process
p n rT
50
5
e
BER
Attenuation (dB)
(opt)
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Remote Commands
Overview
Symbols
Command Types: Set and Query
Command Line Format
Command Names (Headers)
Command Line Rules
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Remote Commands
Command Examples
The following are some typical GB1400 set and query command examples:
Command Summary Alphabetical
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Command Descriptions
Common and Proprietary GPIB Commands
*cls
*ese [n]
*ese?
*esr?
*idn?
*lrn?
*opc
*opc?
*rst
*sre [n]
*sre?
*stb?
*tst?
*wai
tse [v] (Analyzer Only)
tse? (Analyzer Only)
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Commands Shared by the Generator and Analyzer
Pattern and Word Commands
data_invert [on|off]
data_invert?
data_pattern [prbs | word | rdata]
data_pattern?
prbs_length [v]
prbs_length?
recall_word [m]
save_word [m]
word_bits [l], [b1 | b2]
word_bits?
word_length [l]
word_mem_len [m], [l]
word_mem_ord [m], [msb | lsb]
word_mem_ord?
word_mem_ord? [m]
word_memory [m], [l], [b1], [b2]
word_memory? [m]
word_order [msb | lsb]
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word_order?
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GPIB and RS-232 Commands
gpib_address [v]
gpib_address?
gpib_bus [off_bus || talk_listen ]
gpib_bus?
rs_echo [on|off]
rs_echo?
rs_pmt_lf [on|off]
rs_pmt_lf?
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Misc. Shared Commands
all_mem?
header [on || off]
header?
logo?
options?
view_angle [v]
view_angle?
Generator Commands
Clock Source and Frequency Setup Commands
clock_freq [v]
clock_freq?
clock_memory?
clock_memory [m], [f]
clock_memory? [m]
clock_source [int|ext]
clock_source?
clock_step [v]
clock_step?
clock_stp_up and clock_stp_dn
clock_stp_up [v] and clock_stp_dn [v]
recall_freq [m]
save_freq [m]
Output (Clock and Data) Setup Commands
amplitude [v]
amplitude?
clock_amp_up and clock_amp_dn
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data_off_up [v] and data_off_dn [v]
data_offset [v]
data_offset?
offset [v]
offset?
Error Injection Commands
error_rate [off|ext|rate_3|rate_4|rate_5|rate_6|rate_7]
error_rate?
error_single
Analyzer Commands
Results Retrieve Commands
clock_freq?
res_bits?
res_cur_rate?
res_dm?
res_dm_per?
res_efs?
res_efs_per?
res_elapsed?
res_errors?
res_es?
res_es_per?
res_los?
res_pha_es?
res_ses?
res_ses_per?
res_start?
res_stop?
res_sync?
res_tes?
res_tes_per?
res_tot_rate?
res_us?
res_us_per?
total_bits?
total_error?
total_rate?
total_time?
Input Setup Commands
clock_term [neg_2v | gnd | ac]
clock_term?
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data_del_up [v] and data_del_dn [v]
data_delay [v]
data_delay?
data_term [neg_2v | gnd | ac]
data_term?
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rdata_delay [v]
rdata_delay?
rdata_term [neg_2v | gnd | ac]
rdata_term?
rdata_thr_up and rdata_thr_dn
rdata_thr_up [v] and rdata_thr_dn [v]
rdata_thres [v]
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Error Detector and History Setup Commands
auto_search [auto | off | disab]
auto_search?
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disp_select [total || window || test]
disp_select?
error_reset
histry_bits?
histry_clear
histry_phase?
histry_power?
histry_stat?
histry_sync?
sync?
TEST Setup Commands
test_discard
test_length [t]
test_length?
test_mode [untimed|timed|repeat]
test_mode?
test_prev [current|previous]
test_prev?
test_print
test_report [eot|on_error|both|none]
test_report?
test_squelch [on|off]
test_squelch?
test_state [run|stop]
test_state?
test_thres [v]
test_thres?
WINDOW Setup Commands
win_bit_len [v]
win_bit_len?
win_bits?
win_error?
win_mode [bits|sec]
win_mode?
win_prev [current|previous]
win_prev?
win_rate?
win_report [on|off]
win_report?
win_sec_len [s]
win_sec_len?
win_time?
PRINT Setup Commands
print_enable [on||off]
print_enable?
print_port [ parallel || gpib || serial ]
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Audio Beeper Setup Commands
audio_rat_up and audio_rat_dn
audio_rat_up [v] and audio_rat_dn [v]
audio_rate [v]
audio_rate?
audio_vol [v]
audio_vol?
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Misc. Analyzer Commands
date ["yyyy-mm-dd"]
date?
time [s]
time?
1 MB Option Commands
Modified Commands
Replaced Commands
Commands specific to I MB Option
byte_block [a], [i], [b1], ..., [bn]
byte_block? [a]
byte_delete [a], [i]
byte_edit [a], [b1]
byte_edit? [a]
byte_fill [i], [b1], [b2], ..., [bn]
byte_insert [a], [i], [b1], ..., [bn]
byte_length [m], [n]
byte_length?
byte_mode [n]
byte_mode?
byte_sync [n] (Analyzer only)
byte_sync? (Analyzer only)
edit_begin [n]
edit_cntrl?
edit_end [n]
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Using GPIB, RS-232 Interfaces
Using the GPIB Interface
GPIB Interface Device Settings
Interface Functions
GPIB Connector Pin-Outs
Programming GPIB Remote Commands
GPIB Numeric Responses
GPIB Status Reporting
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GPIB Common Commands
IEEE-488.2 Programming Manual Requirements
Functional Elements
Using the RS-232 Interface Option
RS-232 Interface Device Settings
RS-232 Interface Hardware/ Handshaking Considerations
RS-232 Interface Testing
Programming RS-232C Remote Commands
RS-232C Error Messages
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Performance Verification
Functional Test
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Confirmation of Frequency Function
Confirmation of Selectable Data Patterns
Confirmation of Generator Output Data Level Change
Confirmation of Error Injection Rates
Confirmation of Selectable Analyzer Terminations
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Confirmation of Buttons and Indicators
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Default Settings
Returning to Factory Default Settings
How to Recall Factory Default Settings
Using Front Panel Controls
Via Remote Control
Generator (TX) Factory Default Settings
CLOCK
Data Pattern
CLOCK/ DATA Outputs
Remote Interfaces
Analyzer (RX) Factory Default Settings
Clock, Data, and Reference Data Inputs
Data Pattern
Auto Search/Pattern Synchronization
Error Beeper
Time and Date
Printer
Current BER
Test Parameters
Remote Intefaces
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Cleaning Instructions
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Pattern Editor Requirements and Features
What is MLPE?
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Theory of Operation
GB1400 Generator (TX)
Design Overview
PLL Clock Source PCB
Data Generator PCB
Data and Clock Output Amplifier PCB
GB1400 Analyzer (RX)
Design Overview
Input Amplifier PCB
Data Generator PCB
Error Counter PCB
Common to both GB1400 TX and GB1400 RX
CPU PCB
Front Panel PCB
GB1400 User Manual I-5
CPU BUS
GB1400 Tx
Theory of Operation
I-6GB1400 User Manual
DQ Q
Figure I-2. Block Diagram - GB1400 RX
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Glossary
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Index