Higher-level protocols, such as SPX and NCP, are used for additional error recovery services. Sequenced Packet Exchange, SPX, a transport layer protocol (layer 4 of the OSI Model) used in Novell Netware networks. The SPX layer sits on top of the IPX layer (layer 3) and provides connection-oriented services between two nodes on the network. SPX is used primarily by client/server applications. Whereas the IPX protocol is similar to IP, SPX is similar to TCP. Together, therefore, IPX-SPX provides connection services similar to TCP/IP.

ISA

A type of internal computer bus that allows the addition of card-based components like modems and network adapters. ISA has been replaced by PCI and is not very common anymore.

ISDN

A type of broadband Internet connection that provides digital service from the customer's premises to the dial-up telephone network. ISDN uses standard POTS copper wiring to deliver voice, data or video.

ISO Network Model

A network model developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) that consists of seven different levels, or layers. By standardizing these layers, and the interfaces in between, different portions of a given protocol can be modified or changed as technologies advance or systems require- ments are altered. The seven layers are:

Application, Layer 7

Presentation, Layer 6

Session, Layer 5

Transport, Layer 4

Network, Layer 3

Data Link, Layer 2

Physical, Layer 1

The IEEE 802.11 Standard encompasses the physical layer (PHY) and the lower portion of the data link layer. The lower portion of the data link layer is often referred to as the Medium Access Controller (MAC) sublayer.

ISS

A special software application that allows all PCs on a network access to the Internet simultaneously through a single connection and Internet Service Provider (ISP) account.

Key Management

Ensuring that encryption keys are current and synchronized between clients and Access Points. Key management can be performed manually or automatically using 802.1X.

L2TP

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, a PPP protocol extension enabling providers to operate Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).

LAN

A system of connecting PCs and other devices within close physical proximity for sharing resources such as an Internet connections, printers, files and drives. When Wi-Fi is used to connect the devices, the system is known as a wireless LAN or WLAN.

5/26/05 OL-7426-03

Page 261
Image 261
Cisco Systems OL-7426-03 quick start Isa, Isdn, Iss, L2TP, Lan