Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

SECTION 3

BUS OPERATION

This section provides a functional description of the bus, the signals that control it, and the bus cycles provided for data transfer operations. It also describes the error and halt conditions, bus arbitration, and reset operation. Operation of the external bus is the same whether the MC68340 or an external device is the bus master; the names and descriptions of bus cycles are from the viewpoint of the bus master. For exact timing specifications, refer to Section 11 Electrical Characteristics.

The MC68340 architecture supports byte, word, and long-word operands allowing access to 8- and 16-bit data ports through the use of asynchronous cycles controlled by the SIZ1/SIZ0 outputs and DSACK1/DSACK0 inputs. The MC68340 requires word and long- word operands to be located in memory on word boundaries. The only type of transfer that can be performed to an odd address is a single-byte transfer, referred to as an odd-byte transfer. For an 8-bit port, multiple bus cycles may be required for an operand transfer due to either misalignment or a word or long-word operand.

3.1 BUS TRANSFER SIGNALS

The bus transfers information between the MC68340 and external memory or a peripheral device. External devices can accept or provide 8 bits or 16 bits in parallel and must follow the handshake protocol described in this section. The maximum number of bits accepted or provided during a bus transfer is defined as the port width. The MC68340 contains an address bus that specifies the address for the transfer and a data bus that transfers the data. Control signals indicate the beginning and type of the cycle as well as the address space and size of the transfer. The selected device then controls the length of the cycle with the signal(s) used to terminate the cycle. Strobe signals, one for the address bus and another for the data bus, indicate the validity of the address and provide timing information for the data. Both asynchronous and synchronous operation is possible for any port width. In asynchronous operation, the bus and control input signals are internally synchronized to the MC68340 clock, introducing a delay. This delay is the time required for the MC68340 to sample an input signal, synchronize the input to the internal clocks, and determine whether it is high or low. In synchronous mode, the bus and control input signals must be timed to setup and hold times. Since no synchronization is needed, bus cycles can be completed in three clock cycles in this mode. Additionally, using the fast-termination option of the chip select signals, two-clock operation is possible.

Furthermore, for all inputs, the MC68340 latches the level of the input during a sample window around the falling edge of the clock signal. This window is illustrated in Figure 3-1, where tsu and th are the input setup and hold times, respectively. To ensure that an input signal is recognized on a specific falling edge of the clock, that input must be stable during

MOTOROLAMC68340 USER’S MANUAL3- 1

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Motorola MC68340 manual Section BUS Operation, BUS Transfer Signals
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MC68340 specifications

The Motorola MC68340 is a highly integrated microprocessor that was introduced in the early 1990s. It belongs to the 68000 family of microprocessors and is designed to cater to the demands of embedded systems, particularly in telecommunications and networking applications. This chip represents a significant evolution in microprocessor technology by combining a microprocessor core with additional peripherals on a single chip, making it an attractive solution for engineers looking to design compact and efficient systems.

One of the key features of the MC68340 is its 32-bit architecture, which allows for significant processing power and data handling capabilities. This architecture enables the processor to handle larger data sizes and perform more complex calculations compared to its 16-bit predecessors. The MC68340 operates at clock speeds typically ranging from 16 MHz to 25 MHz. Its dual instruction pipeline enhances throughput, allowing for simultaneous instruction fetches and executions, which significantly boosts performance.

A notable characteristic of the MC68340 is the inclusion of integrated peripherals, which help reduce the overall component count in a system. Key integrated components include a memory management unit (MMU), a direct memory access (DMA) controller, and various communication interfaces such as serial ports. The memory management capabilities enhance the processor's ability to manage memory resources efficiently, enabling it to support multitasking environments commonly found in modern computing.

In terms of connectivity, the MC68340 features connections for both synchronous and asynchronous serial communication, making it well-suited for networking tasks. The processor supports a range of bus standards, including address and data buses, which facilitate seamless interaction with peripheral devices.

Another important aspect of the MC68340 is its flexibility. The processor supports multiple operating modes, including multiple CPU configurations and compatibility with the Motorola 68000 family, allowing for easier integration into existing systems.

Moreover, the MC68340 boasts low power consumption compared to many of its contemporaries, making it an excellent choice for battery-operated applications, enhancing its appeal in sectors like telecommunications, industrial control, and automotive systems. Its combination of performance, integration, versatility, and efficiency has secured the MC68340 a reputable position in the annals of embedded systems technology, proving to be a valuable asset for developers and engineers alike.
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