Manuals / Motorola / Kitchen Appliance / Espresso Maker

Motorola MC68340 manual Processing States, Privilege States

Models: MC68340

1 441
Download 441 pages 2.45 Kb
Page 144
Image 144

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

5.1.7.1TABLE LOOKUP AND INTERPOLATE INSTRUCTIONS. To maximize throughput for real-time applications, reference data is often “particulated” and stored in memory for quick access. The storage of each data point would require an inordinate amount of memory. The table instruction requires only a sample of data points stored in the array, thus reducing memory requirements. Intermediate values are recovered with this instruction via linear interpolation. The results may be rounded by a round-to-nearest algorithm.

5.1.7.2LOW-POWER STOP INSTRUCTION. In applications where power consumption is a consideration, the CPU32 forces the device into a low-power standby mode when immediate processing is not required. The low-power stop mode is entered by executing the LPSTOP instruction. The processor will remain in this mode until a user-specified (or higher) interrupt level or reset occurs.

5.1.8 Processing States

The processor is always in one of four processing states: normal, exception, halted, or background. The normal processing state is that associated with instruction execution; the bus is used to fetch instructions and operands and to store results. The exception processing state is associated with interrupts, trap instructions, tracing, and other exception conditions. The exception may be internally generated explicitly by an instruction or by an unusual condition arising during the execution of an instruction. Externally, exception processing can be forced by an interrupt, a bus error, or a reset. The halted processing state is an indication of catastrophic hardware failure. For example, if during the exception processing of a bus error another bus error occurs, the processor assumes that the system is unusable and halts. The background processing state is initiated by breakpoints, execution of special instructions, or a double bus fault. Background processing allows interactive debugging of the system via a simple serial interface. Refer to 5.4 Processing States for details.

5.1.9 Privilege States

The processor operates at one of two levels of privilege—supervisor or user. The supervisor level has higher privileges than the user level. Not all instructions are permitted to execute in the lower privileged user level, but all instructions are available at the supervisor level. This scheme allows the supervisor to protect system resources from uncontrolled access. The processor uses the privilege level indicated by the S-bit in the SR to select either the user or supervisor privilege level and either the user stack pointer (USP) or SSP for stack operations.

MOTOROLAMC68340 USER’S MANUAL5- 7

For More Information On This Product,

Go to: www.freescale.com

Page 143 Page 145
Page 144
Image 144
Motorola MC68340 manual Processing States, Privilege States
Page 143 Page 145

MC68340 specifications

The Motorola MC68340 is a highly integrated microprocessor that was introduced in the early 1990s. It belongs to the 68000 family of microprocessors and is designed to cater to the demands of embedded systems, particularly in telecommunications and networking applications. This chip represents a significant evolution in microprocessor technology by combining a microprocessor core with additional peripherals on a single chip, making it an attractive solution for engineers looking to design compact and efficient systems.

One of the key features of the MC68340 is its 32-bit architecture, which allows for significant processing power and data handling capabilities. This architecture enables the processor to handle larger data sizes and perform more complex calculations compared to its 16-bit predecessors. The MC68340 operates at clock speeds typically ranging from 16 MHz to 25 MHz. Its dual instruction pipeline enhances throughput, allowing for simultaneous instruction fetches and executions, which significantly boosts performance.

A notable characteristic of the MC68340 is the inclusion of integrated peripherals, which help reduce the overall component count in a system. Key integrated components include a memory management unit (MMU), a direct memory access (DMA) controller, and various communication interfaces such as serial ports. The memory management capabilities enhance the processor's ability to manage memory resources efficiently, enabling it to support multitasking environments commonly found in modern computing.

In terms of connectivity, the MC68340 features connections for both synchronous and asynchronous serial communication, making it well-suited for networking tasks. The processor supports a range of bus standards, including address and data buses, which facilitate seamless interaction with peripheral devices.

Another important aspect of the MC68340 is its flexibility. The processor supports multiple operating modes, including multiple CPU configurations and compatibility with the Motorola 68000 family, allowing for easier integration into existing systems.

Moreover, the MC68340 boasts low power consumption compared to many of its contemporaries, making it an excellent choice for battery-operated applications, enhancing its appeal in sectors like telecommunications, industrial control, and automotive systems. Its combination of performance, integration, versatility, and efficiency has secured the MC68340 a reputable position in the annals of embedded systems technology, proving to be a valuable asset for developers and engineers alike.