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Getting started

Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives

The Purpose of Motor Speed Control for Industry

Hitachi inverters provide speed control for 3-phase AC induction motors. You connect AC power to the inverter, and connect the inverter to the motor. Many applications benefit from a motor with variable speed, in several ways:

Energy savings – HVAC

Need to coordinate speed with an adjacent process – textile and printing presses

Need to control acceleration and deceleration (torque)

Sensitive loads – elevators, food processing, pharmaceuticals

What is an Inverter

The term inverter and variable-frequency drive are related and somewhat interchangeable. An electronic motor drive for an AC motor can control the motor’s speed by varying the frequency of the power sent to the motor.

An inverter, in general, is a device that converts DC power to AC power. The figure below shows how the variable-frequency drive employs an internal inverter. The drive first converts incoming AC power to DC through a rectifier bridge, creating an internal DC bus voltage. Then the inverter circuit converts the DC back to AC again to power the motor. The special inverter can vary its output frequency and voltage according to the desired motor speed.

Power

 

Variable-frequency Drive

Motor

Input

 

 

 

Converter

Internal

Inverter

 

 

 

L1

Rectifier

DC Bus

 

 

 

 

 

L2

 

 

 

U/T1

L3

 

 

 

V/T2

 

 

 

W/T3

 

 

 

 

The simplified drawing of the inverter shows three double-through switches. In Hitachi inverters, the switches are actually IGBTs (insulated gate bipolar transistors). Using a commutation algorithm, the microprocessor in the drive switches the IGBTs on and off at a very high speed to create the desired output waveforms. The inductance of the motor windings helps smooth out the pulses.

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Hitachi X200 Series 12, Introduction to Variable-Frequency Drives, Purpose of Motor Speed Control for Industry