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HP 8753E manual Reflection Response in Time Domain

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Reflection Response in Time Domain

The time domain response of a reflection measurement is often compared with the time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements. Like the TDR, the analyzer measures the size of the reflections versus time (or distance). Unlike the TDR, the time domain capability of the analyzer allows you to choose the frequency range over which you would like to make the measurement.

1.lb choose the measurement parameters, press:

2.Perform an SII l-port correction on PORT 1. Refer to Chapter 5, “Optimizing Measurement Results,” for a detailed procedure.

3.Connect your device under test as shown in Figure 2-63.

CABLESPg69e

Figure 2-63. Device Connections for Reflection Time Domain Example Measurement

2-66 Making Measurements

Image 139

HP 8753E manual Reflection Response in Time Domain

Contents

HP Rut No -90367 Supersedes October Printed iu USA February User’s Guide@ Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1998 Wmanty CertificationAssistance MaintenanceShipment for Service Clean the cabinet, using a damp cloth onlyJspaJp Fb@me ‘Iktble O-1. Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service OfEcesInstrument Markings Safety SymbolsGeneral Safety Considerations LpA70 dB Lpa70 dD Compliance with German FTZ Emissions RequirementsCompliance with German Noise Requirements Acoustic Noise Emission/GeraeuschemissionUser’s Guide Overview Network Analyzer Documentation Set Page Declaration of Conformity Contents Page Making Mixer Measurements Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results LO to RF Isolation RF FeedthroughOptimizing Application and Operation Concepts Uncoupling StimuIus Values Between Primary Channels Contents-ll C0ti0ntr-8 Loss of Power Meter Calibration Data TRL* Error Model Isolation Source match and load matchTRL Calibration Procedure Requirements for TRL Standards Calibrated Power LevelLocking onto a signal with a frequency modulation component Transforming CW Time Measurements Into the Frequency Domain Specifications and Measurement Uncertainties 11-l 11-2 11-3 11-4 11-5 11-6 11-7 11-8 11-9 Error MessagesMenu Maps Key Definitions Compatible PeripheralsCITIfUe Data Format and Keyword Reference Preset State and Memory AllocationIndex Determining System Measurement UncertaintiesDisplay Example of Searching for a Bandwidth Using MarkersResults Measurement Measurement Setup Diagram Shown on Analyzer DisplayTime Domain Transmission Example Measurement Gate ShapeContents-19 Response 134 Range Resolution of a Siie DiscontinuityCombined Effects of Amplitude and Phase Modulation Reflection Measurement of Two Cables 128Amplifier Parameters Diagram of Gain CompressionModulation Range of a Forward Transform MeasurementBles 12-3 Sufhx Character Definitions 12-5 Preset Conditions 1 12-8Power-on Conditions versus Preset 12-11 Results of Power Loss to Non-Volatile Memory 12-12HP 87533 Description and Options Where to Look for More InformationControl Analyzer DescriptionPerformance Printin& Plotting, and Saving AccuracyDisk eject button Front Panel FeaturesHP 5753E Dessription and Options l-5 HP-IB Status indicators are also included in this block Analyzer Display Single Channel, Cartesian Format Analyzer DisplayApplication and Operation Concepts From inactive channels See J%I@ in , Key Definitions10 HP 8753E Description and Options %.n. This fan provides forced-air cooling for the analyzer Rear Panel Features and ConnectorsFail ITLlow Pass TTLhighAnalyzer Options Available Option lCP, Rack Mount Flange Kit With Handles Service and Support OptionsLhble l-l. Comparing the J3P 8753AIBKYD Differences among the HP 8753 Network Analyzers‘able 1-2. Comparing the HP 8753D and HP 8753E Making Measurements ‘lhble 2-l. Connector Care Quick Reference Principles of Microwave Connector CareBasic Measurement Example Setting the Frequency RangeBasic Measurement Sequence and Example Basic Measurement Sequence‘lb set the span to 30 MHz, press &gziJm Setting the Source PowerLb change the power level to -5 dRm, press Setting the MeasurementMeasure the device under test Example Dua.l Channel With Split Display On Using the Display FunctionsLb View the Measurement Data and Memory Trace To Save a Data Trace to the Display MemoryI............s..........i ‘RI Ratio Measurements in Channel 1 To Divide Measurement Data by the Memory TraceAnalyzer performs a vector subtraction on the complex data Example of a Display Title To Title the Active Channel DisplayPage Channel Display To Activate and Co&lgure the Auxilkry Channels Transmit TX Smith chart by pressing @GZ $#$Z~B&KXCharacterizing a Duplexer Duplexer’s three ports arePort an unlit LED indicates no connection Procedure for Characterizing a DuplexerRequired Equipment Press=D. F%ess @G-T to activate channel 4, press $%$.‘ Duplexer Measurement To Use Continuous and Discrete Markers Using Analyzer Display MarkersTo Activate Display Markers ‘Ib switch off all of the markers, press ~~~Or ~~~~~7 PRnl Tb Move Marker Information off of the GridsLb Use Delta a Markers RlllllllllllPress jj ~~~~~~~~ ‘~~~~, to m&e marker 1 a reference maker ‘Ib change the reference marker to marker 2, press Lb Activate a Fixed MarkerLog Fiag 10 dfl, REF -50 d6 16 415 dB Or enter a value from the front panel keypad To move the reference position, pressFor the display channels To access the polar markers, press‘lb Couple and Uncouple Display Markers To Use Polar Format Markers‘j3JU To Use Smith Chart MarkersSin 0, where M=magnitude ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~17. Example of Impedance Smith Chart Markers ‘lb Set Measurement Parameters Using MarkersSetting the Start Frequency Setting the Center Frequency Fl i t-11I Value. .... ... y 22. Example of Setting the Reference Value Using a Marker23. Example of Setting the Electrical Delay Using a Marker Setting the CW FrequencySearching for the Maximum Amplitude ‘lb Search for a Specific AmplitudeSearching for the Minimum Amplitude Searching for a ‘beget Amplitude Example of Searching for a Beget Amplitude Using a Marker~~~~~ ad Bandpass or band reject shape on the measurement trace Press ~~~~~~ MarkerFctn‘~~~~~~~Figure Z-28. Example Statistics of Measurement Data To Calculate the Statistics of the Measurement DataMeasuring the Magnitude Response Measuring Magnitude and Insertion Phase ResponseConnect your test device as shown in Figure 30. Example Magnitude Response Measurement Results Measuring Insertion Phase Response32. Phase Samples Electrical Length Measuring Electrical Length and Phase DistortionPhase Distortion Measuring Electrical Length34. Linearly changing Phase Deviation From Linear Phase Measuring Phase Distortion36. Deviation From Linear Phase Example Measurement Group Delay37. Group Delay Example Measurement III 11 I 11 11 MHZ Lksting a Device with Limit Lines Setting Up the Measurement ParametersCreating Flat Limit Lines 41. Example Flat Limit Line 42. Example Flat Limit Lines Creating a Sloping Limit Line~~@#g ~9~~~~~~Creating Single Point Limits This example procedure, the following limits are setDeleting Limit Segments Editing Limit SegmentsReviewing the Limit Line Segments Bnnning a Limit TkstActivating the Limit Test Making Measurements Offsetting Limit LinesLb produce a normalized trace, perform the following steps Measuring Gain CompressionLb place the marker eax.ct& on a measurement point, press @ @ to change the scale to 1 dB per division~~~ ~~~ Mif Rress cmJ j-1 ~~~~~~~~~.~~~ ~~~..~~~~,~~~ Enter the start and stop power levels for the sweep~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ Press LMenu ~~~~~~~~~~ gaw,, $48. Gain Compression Using Power Sweep To channel 1 and channel Measuring Gain and Reverse Isolation SimultaneouslyPress *F p#~~~.p~~~~6~~~~’ Tiess c~isplay ~~~~,~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~49. Gain and Reverse Isolation Connect the Device Under Test Measurements Using the Swept List ModeSet the following measurement parameters To set up the swept list measurement, press Observe the Characteristics of the FilterChoose the Measurement Parameters ~~~~~~~~~~ m Lxl ~~~~~~~~~ l-loJ IxlGp&g ~~~ KG&’ Calibrate and MeasurePress iJk&~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~h 53. Filter Measurement Using Swept List Mode Typical test setup Measurements Using the Tuned Receiver ModeTuned receiver mode in-depth description External Source Requirements Tkst Sequencing 55. ‘l&t Sequencing Help Instructions Creating a SequenceStopping a Sequence Running a Sequence‘Ib delete the selected command, press =J backspace key Inserting a CommandEditing a Sequence Clearing a Sequence from Memory Modifying a CommandLb complete the titling, press %@@ Naming Files Generated by a SequenceChanging the Sequence Title You stop at each characterStoring a Sequence on a Disk Printing a Sequence Procedure and then follow the printing sequenceLoading a Sequence from Disk Purging a Sequence from DiskTo run both sequences, press Cascading Multiple Example SequencesTo run the loop sequence, press Loop Counter Example SequenceStart of Sequence Trans FWD s21 B/R MKR FctnGenerating Files in a Loop Counter Example Sequence ‘lb nm the sequence, press Limit Test Example SequenceData file names generated by this sequence will be Plot llle names generated by this sequence will beRecall FlEG This will create a displayed list for sequence 1, as shownFundamental frequencies Measuring Swept Harmonics Option 002 OnlySet the start frequency to a value greater than 16 MHz 57 nd Harmonic Power Level in dBc Connect the device as shown in Figure Measuring a Device in the Time Domain Option 010 OnlyTransmission Response in Time Domain Gating59. Time Domain Transmission Example Measurement Gating in a Time Domain Transmission Example Measurement Fiiure 2-61. Gate Shape ‘able 2-2. Gate CharacteristicsGating Effects in a Frequency Domain Example Measurement Reflection Response in Time Domain 64. Device Response in the Frequency Domain 65. Device Response in the Time Domain Front panel keypad after each key pressNon-coaxial Measurements Making Mixer Measurements Where to Look for More InformationReducing the Effect of Spurious Responses Eliminating Unwanted Mixing and Leakage SignalsMeasurement Considerations Minimizing Source and Load MismatchesDown Converter Port Connections Differences Between Internal and External R Channel Inputs Frequency Offset Mode OperationJfqyw B Channel External Connection Power Meter Calibration Conversion Loss Using the Frequency Offset Mode Page Network Analyzer Power Meter POW-N&OR To view the measurement trace, press ~~/...~ . . . . T.,, .. L? Jal~.iConversion Loss Example Measurement High Dynamic Range Swept RF/IF Conversion Loss 10. Connections for Broad Band Power Meter Calibration 11. Connections for Eeceiver Calibration Filter External LO Source 13. Example of Swept if Conversion Loss Measurement Sequence 1 Setup Tuned Receiver ModeFixed if Mixer Measurements ~~~~~,~~ Press the following keys on the analyzer to create sequenceIm ~~~~ ~ .~~~~~~~~~~~Done List Freq B CaUing the Next Measurement SequenceSequence 2 Setup Measurement Completed Following sequence commands16. Example Fixed if Mixer Measurement Phase or Group Delay Measurements 17. Counections for a Group Delay Measurement Scale the data for best vertical resolution To make a response error-correction, pressAmplitude and Phase Tracking Conversion Compression Using the Frequency Offset Mode Make the connections as shown in Figure Pg634eMixer Under Test External LO Source ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~,~~ Measurements setup diagram is shown in FigureExample Swept Power Conversion Compression Measurement LO to RF Isolation Isolation Example Measurements26. Connections for a Mixer Isolation Measurement Refer to , Optinking Measurement Results27. Example Mixer ID to RF Isolation Measurement RF Feedthrough28. Connections for a Response Calibration 30. Example Mixer RF Feedthrough Measurement Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Printinfl, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Conf@uring a Print Function Printing or Plotting Your Measurement Results~.~.~.~.~.~..~.~ ....ii.........i..~~~ Black and white from a color printer Defining a Print FunctionTo Reset the Printing Parameters to Default Values If Yim Are Using a Color PrinterPrinting One Measurement Per Printing Multiple Measurements Per I i iPage ~............../i Plot function as follows ~,~,~ If Yim Are Plotting to a Pen Plotter Then @ii. &g. MtiS K E J E C T T T O N L If You Are Plotting to a Disk DriveChoosing Display Elements Defining a Plot FunctionSelecting Auto-Feed Corresponding Key Selecting Pen Numbers and ColorsChannel Selecting Line TypesPress ~&&&&& mtd the selection appears that you want Choosing ScaleTo Reset the Plotting Parameters to Default Values Plotting One Measurement Per Page Using a Pen PlotterPlot Quadrants Plotting Multiple Measurements Per Page Using a Pen Plotter8 Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Automatic File Naming Convention for LIF Format Plotting a Measurement to DiskTo Output the Plot Files To View Plot Files on a PCUsing AmiPro Outputting Plot Files from a PC to a Plotter Using FreelanceStore the Hpgl initialization sequence Store the exit Hpgl mode and form feed sequence Outputting Single Page Plots Using a PrinterPLOTOO.RL PLUTOO.RU Outputting Multiple Plots to a Single Page Using a Printer‘lb Plot Multiple Measurements on a Full Plotting Multiple Measurements Per Page From DiskPL0TOOFPD 11. Plot Quadrants To Plot Measurements in Page QuadrantsTitling the Displayed Measurement Aborting a Print or Plot Process Confqjuring the Analyzer to Produce a Time StampIf Ibu Want a Single Page of Values If You Want the Entire List of Values Solving Problems with Printing or Plotting What You Can Save to a Floppy Disk Places Where Ybu Can SaveSaving and Recalling Instrument States What You Can Save to the Analyzer’s Internal MemoryWhat You Can Save to a Computer Saving an Instrument State Peripheral AccessDeline Save ModificationFlexibility II Dnring Saving Measurement ResultsAd enter the &-ive where your &Sk is located See Ascii Data Formats. ’ S2P Data Format Ascii Data FormatsTemplate for component data fiIes is as follows Comment line ‘lb Delete an Instrument State File Re-Saving an Instrument State~~~~.~~~~~ Renaming a FileIf Yim Are Using an External Disk Drive Solving Problems with Saving or Recalling FilesFormatting a Disk Optimizing Measurement Results Increasing Measurement Accuracy Connector RepeatabilityInterconnecting Cables Temperature DriftPerformance Verification Frequency DriftReference Plane and Port Extensions Conditions Where Error-Correction is Suggested Measurement Error-CorrectionTypes of Error-Correction Error-Correction Stimulus State Calibration Standards When to Use Interpolated Error-Correction~~~~~~~~~~ Procedures for Error-Correcting Your Measurements Response Error-Correction for Reflection Measurements Frequency Response Error-CorrectionsNetwork Analyzer 2J. $!B Response Error-Correction for Transmission MeasurementsStandard Connections for Receiver Calibration Receiver CalibrationResults chapter for procedures Frequency Response and Isolation Error-Corrections Pg612e Optimizing Measurement Results Ad enter at leaf, four times more Connect your device under test One-Port Reflection Error-CorrectionOpen Short Loag Open Short Load For S Optimizing Measurement Results For Reflection For Transmission For Isolation Full Two-Port Error-CorrectionTo pORT 2, ad use the ~~~~~~~~~., ~~~~~~~~~~ Page TRL Error-Correction T&M* Error-CorrectionTRMError-Correction Come& the lOad to Port 2 a& press ~~~~~.,~~~~~ Page ~~~~~ Or ~~~~ Modifying !L’RL Standards @ Lxl ~~~~~~~~~~~ Modifying TRM Standards Assign the Stadards to the Various TRM Classes Iabel the Classes Page Editing Frequency Segments Entering the Power Sensor Calibration DataPress ~,~~ and enter the segment number followed by xl Deleting Frequency Segments Compensating for Directional Coupler ResponseSample-and-Sweep Mode for Power Meter Calibration Using Sample-and-Sweep Correction ModeKGE Using Continuous Correction ModeTo Calibrate the Analyzer Receiver to Measure Absolute Power 10. Noninsertable Device Calibrating for Noninsertable Devices11. Adapters Needed Adapter Removal12. ‘lko-Port Cal Set Remove the Adapter 14. Cklibrated Measurement Verify the Results Example Program NON-INSERTABLE Dewce MAtched AdaptersModify the Cal Kit Thru Deilnition Decreasing the Sweep Rate Cause of Measurement ProblemsMaking Accurate Measurements of Electrically Long Devices To Improve Measurement ResultsDecreasing the Time Delay Detecting if Delay To Use Swept List ModeIncreasing Sweep Speed Option 006 Lb Set the Auto Sweep Time ModeIb Decrease the Frequency Span Option‘lb Reduce the Averaging Fktor Lb Widen the System Bandwidth‘Ib Reduce the Number of Measurement Points Points are of interest Lb Set the Sweep TypeLb View a Single Measurement Channel Select the sweep typeLb activate the continuous mode, press To Activate Chop Sweep ModeTo Use External Calibration ‘lb Use Fast a-Port Calibration‘lb enter the number of sweeps, press Changing System Bandwidth To Increase the Test Port Input PowerIncreasing Dynamic Range To Reduce the Receiver Noise FloorTo Change System Bandwidth Reducing Trace NoiseReducing Receiver Crosstalk To Activate Averaging~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~.. f#jy %&ig ~~$fj& , /.. P Reducing Recall TimeUnderstanding Spur Avoidance Application and Operation Concepts Where to Look for More InformationHP 8753E System Operation Signal-separation devices Receiver DisplayBuilt-In Synthesized Source Required Peripheral Equipment Built-In ‘I&t SetReceiver Block MicroprocessorData Processing Data Processing Flow DiagramProcessing Details ~...... .A....u.........s....i Pre-Raw Data ArraysTransform Option 010 Only Auxiliary Channels and Two-Port Calibration Active Channel KeysChannel 3 without pressing chanj twice Uncoupling Stimulus Values Between Primary Channels Entry Block KeysEnabling Auxiliary Channels Multiple Channel DisplaysKnob Units TerminatorStep Keys Modifyiug or Deleting Entries Defining Ranges with Stimulus Keys Stimulus FunctionsStimulus Menu Understanding the Power Ranges Power MenuPower Range Transitions in the Automatic Mode Channel coupling Power Coupling OptionsTest port collpling Minimum Sweep Time Manual Sweep Time ModeAuto Sweep Time Mode Sweep Time‘12l.ble 6-1. Minimum Cycle Time in seconds Trigger Menu Continuously and the trace is updated with each sweepSpecified number of sweeps is completed. Source Attenuator Switch ProtectionAllowing Repetitive Switching of the Attenuator FeatureChannel Stimulus Coupling ‘. . . . . . . .,‘....’ Sweep Type Menu Loss of calibration Logarithmic Frequency Sweep HzStepped List Frequency Sweep Hz Segment MenuParameters can also be saved with an instrument state Stepped Edit Subsweep MenuPower Ii ,.,,,, ....i,..... ...c .i i Calibration section Power Sweep dBmCW Time Sweep Seconds Selecting Sweep ModesResponse Functions Auxihary channel is enabledUnderstanding S-Parameters ParametersDeilnition S-parameter menu contains the following softkeysConversions, as these formats are not easily interpreted Log Magnitude Format ~......, .~ Format MenuAre available by means of which softkeys / .‘~ ~~~.,..~~~ Group Delay Format Phase Format13. Group Delay Format Smith Chart FormatPolar Format 14. Standard and Inverse Smith Chart FormatsSWR Format Linear Magnitude FormatIma@naryFormat Real Format19. Constant Group Delay Group Delay Principles21. Rate of Phase Change Versus Frequency Application and Operation Concepts Assuming a relative permeability Electrical DelayScale Reference Menu Or ~~~~~~~~~~Display Menu Single graticule see -23a Dual Channel Mode4 Application and Operation Concepts Ble Four-Parameter Display FunctionsCustomizing the Display Chapter for more information on this conditionIs sele&ed ~~~~6~~~~~ @ves you two choices for a Provides a quick way to set up a four-parameter displayPRRI=IMETER Shortcut Keys Yellow, indicating that the keys in yellow apply to channelMemory Math F’unctions Setting Display IntensityTwo trace math operations are implemented \/ii Setting Default ColorsGreen 100 Numeric keypad, until the desired color appearsRed 100 Yellow 100Averaging Averaging MenuFollowing softkeys are located within the averaging menu If Bandwidth Reduction Smoothing27. if Bandwidth Reduction 28. Bbkers on Trace MarkersMarker type IMarker MenuIs displayed Marker Function MenuMeasurement Calibration What Is Accuracy Enhancement?Directivity What Causes Measurement Errors?Source Match Frequency Response Tracking Isolation crosstalkOne-Port Error Model Characterizing Microwave Systematic Errors34. Effective Directivity EDF 36. Reflection Tracking Em 38. Measured Effective Directivity 40. Open Circuit ?Lkrmina.tion Device Measurement + !T + I Reverse S,2M 42. Bhjor Sources of Error44. Load Match Em 45. Isolation Em 46. Full Two-Port Error Model 47. Full Two-Port Emor Model Equations Omitting Isolation Calibration Calibration ConsiderationsMeasurement Parameters Device MeasurementsFrequency Response of Calibration Standards Calibration StandardsElectrical Offset Open W Ql.7~J How Effective Is Accuracy Enhancement? 50. Response versus S 11 l-Port CMibration on Smith Chart Ensuring a Valid Calibration Correcting for Measurement ErrorsFollowing softkeys are located within the correction menu ~or-co~e&on is on or off Press I- j~~~~~~~~~~ Interpolated Error-correctionS11 and S22 One-Port Calibration Calibrate MenuResponse Calibration Response and Isolation CalibrationTRL*/LRM* Two-Port Calibration Cal Kit Menu Restarting a CalibrationSelect Cal Kit Menu Following are definitions of terms ProcedureModifying Calibration Kits DefinitionsModify Calibration Kit Menu TIhble 6-5. Standard DelInitions Detie Standard MenusApplication and Operation Concepts Described next Impedance different from system ZOCharacters Label Standard Menu ~~,~~~~~~~‘Ihble 6-6. Slamlard Class Assignments Calibration Calibration. For default calibration kits, this is the thruVerify performance Verification procedure may be usedCal kit menu. It will be saved with calibration sets TRL%RM* Calibration Why Use TRL Calibration?TRL lkrminology How !CRL*/LRM* Calibration Works TRL* Error ModelSame during the isolation calibration and the measurement IsoIationFrequencies is often times physically impossible Source match and load match54. Typical Measurement Set up Length No loss. Characteristic impedance ZO need not be knownRequirements Let Fl = 1000 MHz Where = frequency l=lengthoflineApplication and Operation Concepts Menu and ~~~~~~~~. with the defie timdad menu me ignored WhereSelections under this menu Or match &n&d ~~~~~~~~ .gQ or to the systemIs used to set the reference plane ~~~~~~~..~~~ Primary Applications Power Meter CalibrationCalibrated Power Level Associated with power meter calibrationInterpolation in Power Meter Calibration Loss of Power Meter Calibration DataPower Meter Calibration Modes of Operation 55. ‘I&t Setup for Continuous Sample Mode Network Analyzer Power Meter Power Sensor Power Sensor Calibration Factor ListSpeedandAccuracy Number of Beadings Sweep Time CharacteristicCorrected 57. Alternate and Chop Sweeps Overlaid Alternate and Chop Sweep ModesModify the Cal Kit Thru Definition Matched Adapters58. Instrument State Function Block Using the Instrument State FunctionsHP-IB Menu ~.&.. .?....bLi.... ...l HP-IB Status IndicatorsSystem Controller Mode = talk mode = service request SRQ asserted by the analyzerInstrument Using the Parallel PortCopy Mode Gpio ModeIkmi% tiih ~~~~~..~~~~~ provides access to the instrument mode menuSystem Menu Limits MenuEdit Limits Menu Offset Limits Menu Knowing the Instrument Modes External Source ModePage CW=e Bange ‘lhble 6-8. External Source Capture RangesIf you press @KJ ~~~~~~~~~~ Pical Test Setup 60. Typical ‘l&t Setup for a Frequency Offset Measurement Application and Operation Concepts 61. Typical Harmonic Mode ‘I&t Setup Bhximum Fundamental Frequency To OFF to allow alternating sweepsTransform Menu Time Domain Operation OptionGeneral Theory Time Domain Bandpass 63. a Reflection Measurement of Two Cables ‘I&ble 6-10. Time Domain Reflection Formats Transmission Measurements Using Bandpass ModeSetting frequency range for time domain low pass Reflection Measurements In Time Domain Low Pass Fault Location Measurements Using Low PassE M E N T E P R E S P O N S E P U L S E R E S P O N S E Transmission Measurements In Time Domain Low Pass PgBlQ6-c Time Domain Concepts Masking 69. Transmission Measurements Using Low Pass Impulse Mode70. Masking Example 10 90% Sidelobes= 100 x lo-’ 6 x 3 x l$ m/s Where AF’ is the spacing between frequency data pointsExample = 100 x lo-’ secondsResolution \I I 75. Sequence of Steps in Gating Operation Transforming CW Time Measurements Into the Frequency Domain ‘able 6-13. Gate CharacteristicsForward Transform Measurements I i iiiii t~~~~~~ 78. Combined Effects of Amplitude and Phase Modulation80. Range of a Forward Transform Measurement Wst Sequencing Active entry command 1 per digit Type of Command Size in BytesZoF the ~~~~~~~~ Sequencing Menu Results for each input power level applied to the amplifierParallel in ETS OUT Bits Decision Making Functions Commands require you to enter the destination sequenceSequencing Special Functions Menu Sequence Decision Making MenuNaming Files Generated by a Sequence HP-GLConsiderations Entering HP-GL CommandsLabel HP-GL comman& Ia Plot absolute HP-GL command PAAmplifier parameters Amplifier TkstingGain Compression 85. Diagram of Gain Compression Metering the power level Tuned Receiver Mixer TestingDifficulty selecting the correct signal to measure Frequency OffsetAccuracy Considerations Mixer Parameters That You Can MeasureAttenuation at Mixer Ports J j j i Filtering92.Examples of Up Converters and Down Converters 93. Down Converter Port Connections You a s&& either ~~~~~,~~~~~ or ~~~~,~~~~,~94. Up Converter Port Connections Isolation Conversion LossLOFeedthru/LOtoRFLedage SWR / Return Loss Conversion Compression Phase MeasurementsPhase Linearity and Group Delay Amplitude and Phase TrackingApplicationmd OperationConcepts Worst Case System DiBtiVity 28d.B 17dEI 14 dE3 Reflected SignalConnection Considerations AdaptersIf You Want to Design Your Own Fixture FixturesGeneral Measurement and Calibration Techniques Reference DocumentsFixtures and Non-Coaxial Measurements On-Wafer Measurements Dynamic Range Specifkations and Measurement UncertaintiesHP 8763E 6OQ with 7-mm Test Ports HP 8753E Measurement Port SpecificationsFrequency Range HP8753E Wiih HP85032B Calibration Kit HP 8763E SO@ with Type-N Test PortsHP8753E Wiih HP85033D Calibration Kit HP 8763E SO@W with 3.6~mm Test PortsGHz to 3 GHz HP 8763E 76Q with Type-N Test PortsApplies at 26 f6 C t Typical Performance 15dB,30kHzto6OkHz HP 8763E 7612 with Type-F Test Ports Instrument Spectications ‘lhble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifications 1 ‘Ihble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifkations 2 ‘lhble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifications 3 ‘Ihble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifhtions 4 ‘Ihble 7-12. EP 8753E Instrument Speciikations 5 ‘Ihble 7-12. EIP 8753E Instrument Specifications 6 Measurement Throughput Summary HP 8763E Network Analyzer General CharacteristicsRemote Programming Front Panel ConnectorsProbe Power Rear Panel ConnectorsVideo Output VGA OUT External Auxilhry Input AUX Input232 Line PowerDisplay Pixel Integrity Parallel PortGeneral Conditions Environmental CharacteristicsCabinet Dimensions WeightInternal Memory Page Menu Maps Page Menu Maps IrCOPY Page Format Menu LOG MAG DELA,’ Smith Chart Polar LIN MAG SWR MAX + RefIFWD MenuMaps SAVE/RECALL MEN + Save State Recall MenuYaps Page MenuMaps Pg657e Key Definitions Analyzer Functions Guide Tkrms and ConventionsSet to the current adive -ker position, using the ~~~ Key Definitions At the St& of the averaging or following ~~~~~~~~~~ Ad for specifying the calibration s-d=& used. me ~~~ Key Dsfinitions Key Definitions Mo&fication.\ ~~~~~~~~lt~\brings up the printer color ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ the preset condition, both channels have Key Definitions 8-l 2 Key Definitions Sequence position Sequence 1 through 6. ~~~~~~~~ Key Definitions S21 ~~~~~~~ Key Definitions 8 Key Definitions Key Definitions 9-l Turns limit. .I lines on or off. lb define limits, use With the &@&ElV &3 softkey, if it is to be used laterKey Definitions B-21 Edit subsweep menu. Up to 30 frequency subsweeps Switched on. Thirty lines of data are listed on eachLxm Stimulus menuLet G .m4 Ldab AlO Wfset ILocalLWX $%QXlXl% Sequence Filenaming #F$ F4MEt + ,START Allows the marker stimulus values to be controlled Stimulus settingsHold mode for one measurement Couples the marker stimulus values for the two displayMoves the active marker to the minimum point on the trace Completes the selection in the Offset Load Menu Selects the calibration standard load as being offsetIs used to omit the isolation portion of the calibration Drn SB When editing a sequence, False Tg .&ZLlZGT appears when you Directs plots to the selected disk internal or external Configures the analyzer for a plotter that has a parallelIs used to set the same power levels at each port With the plotterFrequency and power loss value Allows you to set different power levels at each portFRXif Hii tXWR Key Definitions Key Definitions RsE#kswa, Value Measures the reverse isolation of the calibration standard KRSPti#SEGggs&fi ’F7 Key is disabled if ‘~~~~~~~ is set to ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ menu Key Definitions Kay Definitions To temate the smdwd definition Key Definitions Key Definitions Is used to specify the arbitrary impedance of the standard, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Men ~~~~~~~~ or ~~~~~~~~ is pressed, a Key Definitions B-61 ~~~~~~~~~~ above Key Definitions Cross Reference of Key Function to Programming Command Anab Menucal M4HEH ?lZAXJ.LT CXtLUH DEFAULT,. i?RXllT f%KtVPMARKF-AUV OFFlPon #iv Harmoff Lintdata Markmidd Ofls Titp Pric ‘fhble Cross Reference of Key Function to Programm ingbmmand Resd Labesbba Stop Limtsl Seatarg Trackoff Yellow Softkey Locations ‘Ittble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations Key Definitions Key Definitions ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ Able 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key Key Definitions Lhble 9-2. Softkey Lacations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key $84 Iey Definitions ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFFont-Panel Access Key Ble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Fanel Access Key ’hble 9-2. Softkey Locations ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Rmel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘able 9-2. Softkey Locations Able 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key 7hble 9-2. Softkey Locations ISoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations Error Messages Error Messages in Alphabetical Order Analog BUS Disabled IN6KHZ if BW Ascii Missing ‘VAR’ Statement Blockinputlengthehhor CANTSTORE/LOADSEQUENCE, Insufficientmemory Correction and Domain Reset Deadlock Diskis Writeprotected Duplicating to this Sequence not Allowed File not Found ~ ..~~~.. .. .., .,~~,~ IFBWKEYDISABLED, Editlistmodetbl Error Number You pressed an undefined softkey 9in progress. Start a new calibration Order to use the ~~~~,~~~ softkey function Error Number See error number Error Number See error number 57 Plot Aborted Error Number The parallel port printer is not accepting data PRINT/PLOTINPROGRESS, Abortwithlocal Probepowershut Down Selectedsequenceisenpty Slides Aborted Memoryreallocation Sweep, pres LMenu ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~, or ~~~~~~~~~ TOO Manynested SEQUENCES. SEQ Aborted WAITINGFORHP-IB Control Error Messages in Numerical Order Error Messages 1O-28 ErrorDevice not on, not connect, wrong addrs IN-zErlNo Memory Available for Sequencing List Mode OFF Invalid with LO Freq Analog BUS Disabled in 6 KHZ if BW Error NumberCalibration Kits Compatible PeripheralsTest Port Return Cables Verification KitAdapter Kits Transistor Test Fixtures Power LimitersSystem Testmobile System CabinetHP-IB Cables Mass StorageInterface Cables Keyboaxd Analyzer Function Kety Name Keyboards‘Ihble 1 l-l. Keyboard ‘lkmplate Definition Analyzer FunctionCommended Color Monitors ControllerSample Software External MonitorsPeripheral Connections to the Analyzer Connecting the Peripheral DeviceIf the Peripheral is a Printer Cotiguring the Analyzer for the Peripheral=.~~~~~.........~.......~ Until the correct function appears Print function as followsAppears ‘.’ .~ Z...... iizz......ii.w.....A........w..i.iPress Local and select one of the following Enter the HP-IB address of the power meter, followed by @Enter the volume number HP 436A HP 437B or 438APress $m$&& ad enter the au-rent year, fdlowed by Ixl Configuring the Analyzer to Produce a Time StampHP-IB Programming Overview Device Types HP-IB OperationUnaddress and revert to an idle state HP-IB Bus StructureEOI End or Identify SRQ Service RequestREN Remote Enable Data lines carry device-dependent instructions or dataNo extended listener capabilities Full-acceptor handshakeDoes not respond to parallel poll Complete device clear= ‘IU mode = Service request SRQ asserted by the analyzer HP-II3 Status IndicatorsNext lower address System-Controller ModeCode Naming Convention Analyzer Command SyntaxValid Characters GHz Gigahertz HP-II3 Debug ModeUser Graphics KHz Kilohertz US Microseconds MHz MegahertzTypes of Memory and Data Storage Preset State and Memory AllocationNon-Volatile Memory Preset State and Memory Allocation Storing Data to Disk ‘&ble 12-2. SuiIix Character Definitions Conserving Memory Using Saved Calibration SetsRegister in which it is stored Preset State‘Ihble 12-3. Preset Conditions 1 ‘lhble 12-3. Preset Conditions 2 Able 12-3. Preset Conditions 3 Sequence 1 through 5 are erased Default color valuesTaker/listener An instrument state are clearedXon-Xoff HP-IB Addresses are set to the following defaults HP 8753EPower Meter Type is set to HP 438A/437 9600CITIllle Keyword Reference CITIfile Data Format23491E-3,-1.39883E-3 00382E-3,-1.40022E-3 This section will dehne the following terms Package HeaderHeader part CITIFILEA.0190 Data partCITIfile Keyword Data Sl,l RI #NA VERSIONHP8510B.05.00Example 4,861O S-Term Frequency List Cal Set F’ile Conclusion CITINe Keyword Reference Commonly used array names include the following Don’t change when the independent variable changesIs supported in revision A.O1.OO VariableDetermining System Measurement Uncertainties Sources of Measurement ErrorsAbl, Ab2 = dynamic accuracy = frequency Sources of Random ErrorsMeasurement Uncertainty Equations Sources of Additional Measurement ErrorsReflection Phase Uncertainty Erp Efnf = effective noise floor Transmission Uncertainty EquationsDynamic Accuracy Transmission Phase Uncertainty EtpDetermining Expected System Performance ProceduresCharacteristic Vdues ‘lhble Measurement Uncertainty Worksheet 1 Page Page Page Active SpecificationsGHz operation option 75Q Impedance option Mm test portsKey Allowing repetitive switching Switch protection ~~~~~~ 4Format, 419 auto sweep time mode EnablingTo key cross reference, 9-54 compatible Conhguring Connecting peripherals, 1 l-8 connections, 6 AdaptersMode Down converter port Group delay measurementDeviation from linear phase measurement Definition Calibration standards, 5-27 delayElectrical Delete display option, 1-13 deleting Increasing Limitations, 7-l E2 W-state drivers, 11-19 edit Linear magnitude, 6-36 log magnitude, 6-32 phaseDisplay functions, 6-42 color DTl responds to a group execute triggerFan location, l-11 ESD precautions Exammmg calibration constants, 5-27 exampleSignal flow in a mixer Swept if conversion loss measurementFrequency domain concepts, 6-125-145 transform from CW time Area of display, l-10 arrays Menu, 6-32 giizj zkzzReceiver and source requirements, 6-122 receiver frequency Define the print Calibrate the analyzer receiver to measure absolute powerIsolation, 5-14 error-correct for full two-port Measure electrical length and phase distortionPrint a sequence Print multiple measurements per Set auto sweep time modeSet frequency span with markers, 2-29 set source power DomainLIF Input ports menu HpglInstAent state, 6-110-116 &iJ 6-51 It, 6-11 @J, 6-78 0, 6-11 @jiiJ, 6-42 entry, 6-9-lList values LOG MKR, 2-25 Loop counter sequence Low pass modeMagnitude and insertion phase response measurement Softkey labels, l-10 softkeys75Q type-F test ports 75Q type-N test ports Measurement frequencies, diagram, 3-10 measurement pointsUsing swept list mode Parameters set with markers, 2-26 sequence@g$, 8-6 @iii,8 68-7 Accuracy Amplitude and phase tracking, 6-167 attenuationTuned receiver mode Up conversion IavpPrinting or plotting, 4-30 operation New features to the analyzer, l-2 ~~~~CaI kit thru definition, 5-47 modifying Sequence Multiple sequence cascading~~~~.~~~ 4 Points Datahow to reduceParameters set with markers, 2-26 center frequency PeripheralPrinting or plotting list values or operating parameters Multiple measurements per Solving problems ‘amji$J& useConfiguration, 4-4, 49, 11-9 mode Polar or Smith format markers, 2-22 port 1 and port2, l-6Response error-correction for reflection measurements Error-correction for one-port reflection measurementsModifying Trmm calibration standards Offsetting limit lines Values Resetting the printing parameters to default valuesViewing the measurement data and memory trace Procedures Setting center frequency with markersUsing delta a markers Using ~~~~~ to .&jvate a tiedSearching for values with markers, 2-32 bandwidth Relative velocity for time domain, 2-90 remote controlRetention, 4-33 Re/Im MKR, 2-25, 2-26 relative Running@iG Service request asserted by the analyzer SStandarddehnitions Entering Spectral purity characteristics, 7-10 spurious signalsStop frequency Setting with markers Stopping SpecifyTest set Testing with Iimit lines, 2-46 testmobileForward transform mode, 6-126 gating Test set switch, controlling the, 5-54 test using limitsActive channel display, 2-9 titling Understanding S-parameters, 6-29 units How to setWeight Widen system bandwidth, 5-52 windowing Time domain Type-N calibration standard sex, 5-6 type-N test ports