The phase response shown in F’igure 2-32 is undersampled; that is, there is more than HO0 phase delay between frequency points If the A4 2 HO”, incorrect phase and delay information may result. Figure 2-32 shows an example of phase samples being with A+ less than MO0 and greater than MOO.

RESPONSE

\UNDER SAMPLED REGION (INCORRECT PHASE AND DELAY)

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Figure 2-32. Phase Samples

Undersampling may arise when measuring devices with long electrical length. ‘Ib correct this problem, the frequency span should be reduced, or the number of points increased until A4 is less than 180” per point. Electrical delay may also be used to compensate for this effect (as shown in the next example procedure).

Makinfl Measurements 2-39

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HP 8753E manual Phase Samples