Determining System Measurement Uncertainties, Index | HP 8753E


Example 4,851O 3-Term kequency List Cal Set F’iIe					A-5
Conclusion					A-6
The CITIfIIe Keyword Reference					A-7
B. Determining System Measurement Uncertainties					B-l
Sources of Measurement Errors
Sources	of	Systematic Errors			B-l
Sources	of	Random Errors			B-2
Sources of Drift Errors					B-2
Sources	of	Additional Measurement Errors			B-3
Measurement		Uncertainty Equations			B-3
Reflection Uncertainty Equations					B-3
Total Reflection Magnitude Uncertainty (Erm)					B-3
Reflection Phase Uncertainty (Erp)					B-4
Transmission Uncertainty Equations					B-5
Transmission Magnitude Uncertainty (Etm)					B-5
Transmission Phase Uncertainty (Etp)					B-6
DynamicAccuracy					B-6
Determining		Expected System		Performance	B-7
Procedures					B-7
Characteristic Values lhble					B-8
Measurement			Uncertainty	Worksheet (1 of 3)	B-9
Measurement			Uncertainty	Worksheet (2 of 3)	B-10
Measurement			Uncertainty	Worksheet (3 of 3)	B-11

Index

Image 28

HP 8753E manual Determining System Measurement Uncertainties, Index

Contents

User’s Guide HP Rut No -90367 Supersedes October Printed iu USA February @ Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1998 Certification Wmanty Maintenance Shipment for ServiceClean the cabinet, using a damp cloth only Assistance ‘Iktble O-1. Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service OfEces JspaJp Fb@me Safety Symbols Instrument Markings General Safety Considerations Compliance with German FTZ Emissions Requirements Compliance with German Noise RequirementsAcoustic Noise Emission/Geraeuschemission LpA70 dB Lpa70 dD User’s Guide Overview Network Analyzer Documentation Set Page Declaration of Conformity Contents Page Making Mixer Measurements LO to RF Isolation RF Feedthrough Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Optimizing Application and Operation Concepts Uncoupling StimuIus Values Between Primary Channels Contents-ll C0ti0ntr-8 TRL* Error Model Isolation Source match and load match TRL Calibration Procedure Requirements for TRL StandardsCalibrated Power Level Loss of Power Meter Calibration Data Locking onto a signal with a frequency modulation component Transforming CW Time Measurements Into the Frequency Domain Specifications and Measurement Uncertainties Error Messages Menu Maps Key DefinitionsCompatible Peripherals 11-l 11-2 11-3 11-4 11-5 11-6 11-7 11-8 11-9 Preset State and Memory Allocation CITIfUe Data Format and Keyword Reference Determining System Measurement Uncertainties Index Display Example of Searching for a Bandwidth Using MarkersResults Measurement Setup Diagram Shown on Analyzer Display Time Domain Transmission Example MeasurementGate Shape Measurement Contents-19 Range Resolution of a Siie Discontinuity Combined Effects of Amplitude and Phase ModulationReflection Measurement of Two Cables 128 Response 134 Diagram of Gain Compression ModulationRange of a Forward Transform Measurement Amplifier Parameters Bles Sufhx Character Definitions 12-5 Preset Conditions 1 12-8 Power-on Conditions versus Preset 12-11Results of Power Loss to Non-Volatile Memory 12-12 12-3 Where to Look for More Information HP 87533 Description and Options Control Analyzer DescriptionPerformance Accuracy Printin& Plotting, and Saving Front Panel Features Disk eject button HP 5753E Dessription and Options l-5 HP-IB Status indicators are also included in this block Analyzer Display Analyzer Display Single Channel, Cartesian Format Application and Operation Concepts See J%I@ in , Key Definitions From inactive channels 10 HP 8753E Description and Options Rear Panel Features and Connectors %.n. This fan provides forced-air cooling for the analyzer Pass TTLhigh Fail ITLlow Analyzer Options Available Service and Support Options Option lCP, Rack Mount Flange Kit With Handles Differences among the HP 8753 Network Analyzers Lhble l-l. Comparing the J3P 8753AIBKYD ‘able 1-2. Comparing the HP 8753D and HP 8753E Making Measurements Principles of Microwave Connector Care ‘lhble 2-l. Connector Care Quick Reference Setting the Frequency Range Basic Measurement Sequence and ExampleBasic Measurement Sequence Basic Measurement Example Setting the Source Power Lb change the power level to -5 dRm, pressSetting the Measurement ‘lb set the span to 30 MHz, press &gziJm Measure the device under test Using the Display Functions Example Dua.l Channel With Split Display On Lb View the Measurement Data and Memory Trace To Save a Data Trace to the Display MemoryI............s..........i ‘RI Ratio Measurements in Channel 1 To Divide Measurement Data by the Memory TraceAnalyzer performs a vector subtraction on the complex data To Title the Active Channel Display Example of a Display TitlePage Channel Display To Activate and Co&lgure the Auxilkry Channels Smith chart by pressing @GZ $#$Z~B&KX Characterizing a DuplexerDuplexer’s three ports are Transmit TX Procedure for Characterizing a Duplexer Required EquipmentPress= Port an unlit LED indicates no connection D. F%ess @G-T to activate channel 4, press $%$.‘ Duplexer Measurement Using Analyzer Display Markers To Use Continuous and Discrete Markers To Activate Display Markers ‘Ib switch off all of the markers, press ~~~Or ~~~~~7 Tb Move Marker Information off of the Grids PRnl Lb Use Delta a Markers RlllllllllllPress jj ~~~~~~~~ ‘~~~~, to m&e marker 1 a reference maker Lb Activate a Fixed Marker ‘Ib change the reference marker to marker 2, press Log Fiag 10 dfl, REF -50 d6 16 415 dB To move the reference position, press Or enter a value from the front panel keypad To access the polar markers, press ‘lb Couple and Uncouple Display MarkersTo Use Polar Format Markers For the display channels To Use Smith Chart Markers Sin 0, where M=magnitude~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ‘j3JU ‘lb Set Measurement Parameters Using Markers 17. Example of Impedance Smith Chart Markers Setting the Start Frequency Setting the Center Frequency Fl i t-11I 22. Example of Setting the Reference Value Using a Marker Value. .... ... y Setting the CW Frequency 23. Example of Setting the Electrical Delay Using a Marker ‘lb Search for a Specific Amplitude Searching for the Maximum Amplitude Searching for the Minimum Amplitude Searching for a ‘beget Amplitude Example of Searching for a Beget Amplitude Using a Marker~~~~~ ad Press ~~~~~~ MarkerFctn‘~~~~~~~ Bandpass or band reject shape on the measurement trace To Calculate the Statistics of the Measurement Data Figure Z-28. Example Statistics of Measurement Data Measuring the Magnitude Response Measuring Magnitude and Insertion Phase ResponseConnect your test device as shown in Figure Measuring Insertion Phase Response 30. Example Magnitude Response Measurement Results 32. Phase Samples Measuring Electrical Length and Phase Distortion Phase DistortionMeasuring Electrical Length Electrical Length 34. Linearly changing Phase Measuring Phase Distortion Deviation From Linear Phase Group Delay 36. Deviation From Linear Phase Example Measurement 37. Group Delay Example Measurement III 11 I 11 11 MHZ Setting Up the Measurement Parameters Lksting a Device with Limit Lines Creating Flat Limit Lines 41. Example Flat Limit Line Creating a Sloping Limit Line 42. Example Flat Limit Lines ~9~~~~~~ ~~@#g This example procedure, the following limits are set Creating Single Point Limits Editing Limit Segments Deleting Limit Segments Reviewing the Limit Line Segments Bnnning a Limit TkstActivating the Limit Test Offsetting Limit Lines Making Measurements Measuring Gain Compression Lb produce a normalized trace, perform the following steps @ @ to change the scale to 1 dB per division Lb place the marker eax.ct& on a measurement point, press Enter the start and stop power levels for the sweep ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~Press LMenu ~~~~~~~~~~ gaw,, $ ~~~ ~~~ Mif Rress cmJ j-1 ~~~~~~~~~.~~~ ~~~..~~~~,~~~ 48. Gain Compression Using Power Sweep Measuring Gain and Reverse Isolation Simultaneously Press *F p#~~~.p~~~~6~~~~’Tiess c~isplay ~~~~,~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ To channel 1 and channel 49. Gain and Reverse Isolation Connect the Device Under Test Measurements Using the Swept List ModeSet the following measurement parameters To set up the swept list measurement, press Observe the Characteristics of the FilterChoose the Measurement Parameters ~~~~~~~~~~ m Lxl ~~~~~~~~~ l-loJ IxlGp&g ~~~ KG&’ Calibrate and MeasurePress iJk&~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~h 53. Filter Measurement Using Swept List Mode Typical test setup Measurements Using the Tuned Receiver ModeTuned receiver mode in-depth description External Source Requirements Tkst Sequencing Creating a Sequence 55. ‘l&t Sequencing Help Instructions Running a Sequence Stopping a Sequence ‘Ib delete the selected command, press =J backspace key Inserting a CommandEditing a Sequence Modifying a Command Clearing a Sequence from Memory Naming Files Generated by a Sequence Changing the Sequence TitleYou stop at each character Lb complete the titling, press %@@ Storing a Sequence on a Disk Procedure and then follow the printing sequence Loading a Sequence from DiskPurging a Sequence from Disk Printing a Sequence Cascading Multiple Example Sequences To run both sequences, press Loop Counter Example Sequence Start of Sequence Trans FWD s21 B/RMKR Fctn To run the loop sequence, press Generating Files in a Loop Counter Example Sequence Limit Test Example Sequence Data file names generated by this sequence will bePlot llle names generated by this sequence will be ‘lb nm the sequence, press This will create a displayed list for sequence 1, as shown Recall FlEG Fundamental frequencies Measuring Swept Harmonics Option 002 OnlySet the start frequency to a value greater than 16 MHz 57 nd Harmonic Power Level in dBc Measuring a Device in the Time Domain Option 010 Only Transmission Response in Time DomainGating Connect the device as shown in Figure 59. Time Domain Transmission Example Measurement Gating in a Time Domain Transmission Example Measurement ‘able 2-2. Gate Characteristics Fiiure 2-61. Gate Shape Gating Effects in a Frequency Domain Example Measurement Reflection Response in Time Domain 64. Device Response in the Frequency Domain Front panel keypad after each key press 65. Device Response in the Time Domain Non-coaxial Measurements Where to Look for More Information Making Mixer Measurements Eliminating Unwanted Mixing and Leakage Signals Measurement ConsiderationsMinimizing Source and Load Mismatches Reducing the Effect of Spurious Responses Down Converter Port Connections Differences Between Internal and External R Channel Inputs Frequency Offset Mode OperationJfqyw B Channel External Connection Power Meter Calibration Conversion Loss Using the Frequency Offset Mode Page Network Analyzer Power Meter POW-N&OR ~~/...~ . . . . T.,, .. L? Jal~.i To view the measurement trace, press Conversion Loss Example Measurement High Dynamic Range Swept RF/IF Conversion Loss 10. Connections for Broad Band Power Meter Calibration 11. Connections for Eeceiver Calibration Filter External LO Source 13. Example of Swept if Conversion Loss Measurement Sequence 1 Setup Tuned Receiver ModeFixed if Mixer Measurements Press the following keys on the analyzer to create sequence ~~~~~,~~ ~ .~~~~~~~~~~~ Im ~~~~ CaUing the Next Measurement Sequence Done List Freq B Sequence 2 Setup Following sequence commands Measurement Completed 16. Example Fixed if Mixer Measurement Phase or Group Delay Measurements 17. Counections for a Group Delay Measurement To make a response error-correction, press Scale the data for best vertical resolution Amplitude and Phase Tracking Conversion Compression Using the Frequency Offset Mode Pg634e Make the connections as shown in Figure Mixer Under Test External LO Source Measurements setup diagram is shown in Figure ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~,~~ Example Swept Power Conversion Compression Measurement Isolation Example Measurements LO to RF Isolation Refer to , Optinking Measurement Results 26. Connections for a Mixer Isolation Measurement RF Feedthrough 27. Example Mixer ID to RF Isolation Measurement 28. Connections for a Response Calibration 30. Example Mixer RF Feedthrough Measurement Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Printinfl, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Printing or Plotting Your Measurement Results Conf@uring a Print Function ~.~.~.~.~.~..~.~ ....ii.........i..~~~ Defining a Print Function Black and white from a color printer To Reset the Printing Parameters to Default Values If Yim Are Using a Color PrinterPrinting One Measurement Per I i i Printing Multiple Measurements PerPage ~............../i If Yim Are Plotting to a Pen Plotter Then @ii. &g. Mti Plot function as follows ~,~,~ If You Are Plotting to a Disk Drive S K E J E C T T T O N L Choosing Display Elements Defining a Plot FunctionSelecting Auto-Feed Selecting Pen Numbers and Colors Corresponding Key Selecting Line Types Channel Choosing Scale Press ~&&&&& mtd the selection appears that you want Plotting One Measurement Per Page Using a Pen Plotter To Reset the Plotting Parameters to Default Values Plotting Multiple Measurements Per Page Using a Pen Plotter Plot Quadrants 8 Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Plotting a Measurement to Disk Automatic File Naming Convention for LIF Format To View Plot Files on a PC To Output the Plot Files Using AmiPro Using Freelance Outputting Plot Files from a PC to a Plotter Store the Hpgl initialization sequence Outputting Single Page Plots Using a Printer Store the exit Hpgl mode and form feed sequence Outputting Multiple Plots to a Single Page Using a Printer PLOTOO.RL PLUTOO.RU Plotting Multiple Measurements Per Page From Disk ‘lb Plot Multiple Measurements on a Full PL0TOOFPD To Plot Measurements in Page Quadrants 11. Plot Quadrants Titling the Displayed Measurement Aborting a Print or Plot Process Confqjuring the Analyzer to Produce a Time StampIf Ibu Want a Single Page of Values If You Want the Entire List of Values Solving Problems with Printing or Plotting Places Where Ybu Can Save Saving and Recalling Instrument StatesWhat You Can Save to the Analyzer’s Internal Memory What You Can Save to a Floppy Disk What You Can Save to a Computer Peripheral Access Saving an Instrument State Saving Measurement Results Deline Save ModificationFlexibility II Dnring Ad enter the &-ive where your &Sk is located See Ascii Data Formats. ’ Ascii Data Formats S2P Data Format Template for component data fiIes is as follows Comment line Re-Saving an Instrument State ‘lb Delete an Instrument State File Renaming a File ~~~~.~~~~~ If Yim Are Using an External Disk Drive Solving Problems with Saving or Recalling FilesFormatting a Disk Optimizing Measurement Results Connector Repeatability Interconnecting CablesTemperature Drift Increasing Measurement Accuracy Performance Verification Frequency DriftReference Plane and Port Extensions Conditions Where Error-Correction is Suggested Measurement Error-CorrectionTypes of Error-Correction Error-Correction Stimulus State When to Use Interpolated Error-Correction Calibration Standards ~~~~~~~~~~ Procedures for Error-Correcting Your Measurements Frequency Response Error-Corrections Response Error-Correction for Reflection Measurements Network Analyzer Response Error-Correction for Transmission Measurements 2J. $!B Receiver Calibration Standard Connections for Receiver Calibration Results chapter for procedures Frequency Response and Isolation Error-Corrections Pg612e Optimizing Measurement Results Ad enter at leaf, four times more One-Port Reflection Error-Correction Connect your device under test Open Short Loag Open Short Load For S Optimizing Measurement Results Full Two-Port Error-Correction For Reflection For Transmission For Isolation To pORT 2, ad use the ~~~~~~~~~., ~~~~~~~~~~ Page T&M* Error-Correction TRL Error-Correction TRMError-Correction Come& the lOad to Port 2 a& press ~~~~~.,~~~~~ Page ~~~~~ Or ~~~~ Modifying !L’RL Standards @ Lxl ~~~~~~~~~~~ Modifying TRM Standards Assign the Stadards to the Various TRM Classes Iabel the Classes Page Editing Frequency Segments Entering the Power Sensor Calibration DataPress ~,~~ and enter the segment number followed by xl Compensating for Directional Coupler Response Deleting Frequency Segments Using Sample-and-Sweep Correction Mode Sample-and-Sweep Mode for Power Meter Calibration Using Continuous Correction Mode KGE To Calibrate the Analyzer Receiver to Measure Absolute Power Calibrating for Noninsertable Devices 10. Noninsertable Device Adapter Removal 11. Adapters Needed 12. ‘lko-Port Cal Set Remove the Adapter 14. Cklibrated Measurement Verify the Results Example Program MAtched Adapters NON-INSERTABLE Dewce Modify the Cal Kit Thru Deilnition Cause of Measurement Problems Making Accurate Measurements of Electrically Long DevicesTo Improve Measurement Results Decreasing the Sweep Rate Decreasing the Time Delay Detecting if Delay To Use Swept List ModeIncreasing Sweep Speed Lb Set the Auto Sweep Time Mode Ib Decrease the Frequency SpanOption Option 006 ‘lb Reduce the Averaging Fktor Lb Widen the System Bandwidth‘Ib Reduce the Number of Measurement Points Lb Set the Sweep Type Lb View a Single Measurement ChannelSelect the sweep type Points are of interest To Activate Chop Sweep Mode To Use External Calibration‘lb Use Fast a-Port Calibration Lb activate the continuous mode, press ‘lb enter the number of sweeps, press To Increase the Test Port Input Power Increasing Dynamic RangeTo Reduce the Receiver Noise Floor Changing System Bandwidth Reducing Trace Noise Reducing Receiver CrosstalkTo Activate Averaging To Change System Bandwidth Reducing Recall Time ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~.. f#jy %&ig ~~$fj& , /.. P Understanding Spur Avoidance Where to Look for More Information Application and Operation Concepts HP 8753E System Operation Signal-separation devices Receiver DisplayBuilt-In Synthesized Source Built-In ‘I&t Set Receiver BlockMicroprocessor Required Peripheral Equipment Data Processing Flow Diagram Data Processing Processing Details Pre-Raw Data Arrays ~...... .A....u.........s....i Transform Option 010 Only Auxiliary Channels and Two-Port Calibration Active Channel KeysChannel 3 without pressing chanj twice Entry Block Keys Enabling Auxiliary ChannelsMultiple Channel Displays Uncoupling Stimulus Values Between Primary Channels Knob Units TerminatorStep Keys Modifyiug or Deleting Entries Stimulus Functions Defining Ranges with Stimulus Keys Stimulus Menu Power Menu Understanding the Power Ranges Power Range Transitions in the Automatic Mode Channel coupling Power Coupling OptionsTest port collpling Manual Sweep Time Mode Auto Sweep Time ModeSweep Time Minimum Sweep Time ‘12l.ble 6-1. Minimum Cycle Time in seconds Continuously and the trace is updated with each sweep Trigger Menu Source Attenuator Switch Protection Allowing Repetitive Switching of the AttenuatorFeature Specified number of sweeps is completed. Channel Stimulus Coupling ‘. . . . . . . .,‘....’ Sweep Type Menu Logarithmic Frequency Sweep Hz Stepped List Frequency Sweep HzSegment Menu Loss of calibration Stepped Edit Subsweep Menu Parameters can also be saved with an instrument state Power Ii ,.,,,, ....i,..... ...c .i i Power Sweep dBm CW Time Sweep SecondsSelecting Sweep Modes Calibration section Auxihary channel is enabled Response Functions Parameters Understanding S-Parameters S-parameter menu contains the following softkeys Deilnition Conversions, as these formats are not easily interpreted Log Magnitude Format ~......, .~ Format MenuAre available by means of which softkeys / .‘~ ~~~.,..~~~ Phase Format Group Delay Format Smith Chart Format 13. Group Delay Format 14. Standard and Inverse Smith Chart Formats Polar Format Linear Magnitude Format SWR Format Real Format Ima@naryFormat Group Delay Principles 19. Constant Group Delay 21. Rate of Phase Change Versus Frequency Application and Operation Concepts Electrical Delay Scale Reference MenuOr ~~~~~~~~~~ Assuming a relative permeability Display Menu Dual Channel Mode Single graticule see -23a 4 Application and Operation Concepts Four-Parameter Display Functions Customizing the DisplayChapter for more information on this condition Ble Provides a quick way to set up a four-parameter display Is sele&ed ~~~~6~~~~~ @ves you two choices for a Yellow, indicating that the keys in yellow apply to channel PRRI=IMETER Shortcut Keys Memory Math F’unctions Setting Display IntensityTwo trace math operations are implemented Setting Default Colors \/ii Numeric keypad, until the desired color appears Red 100Yellow 100 Green 100 Averaging Averaging MenuFollowing softkeys are located within the averaging menu Smoothing If Bandwidth Reduction 27. if Bandwidth Reduction Markers 28. Bbkers on Trace IMarker Menu Marker type Marker Function Menu Is displayed What Is Accuracy Enhancement? Measurement Calibration What Causes Measurement Errors? Directivity Source Match Isolation crosstalk Frequency Response Tracking Characterizing Microwave Systematic Errors One-Port Error Model 34. Effective Directivity EDF 36. Reflection Tracking Em 38. Measured Effective Directivity 40. Open Circuit ?Lkrmina.tion Device Measurement 42. Bhjor Sources of Error + !T + I Reverse S,2M 44. Load Match Em 45. Isolation Em 46. Full Two-Port Error Model 47. Full Two-Port Emor Model Equations Calibration Considerations Measurement ParametersDevice Measurements Omitting Isolation Calibration Calibration Standards Frequency Response of Calibration Standards Electrical Offset Open W Ql.7~J How Effective Is Accuracy Enhancement? 50. Response versus S 11 l-Port CMibration on Smith Chart Ensuring a Valid Calibration Correcting for Measurement ErrorsFollowing softkeys are located within the correction menu Interpolated Error-correction ~or-co~e&on is on or off Press I- j~~~~~~~~~~ Calibrate Menu Response CalibrationResponse and Isolation Calibration S11 and S22 One-Port Calibration TRL*/LRM* Two-Port Calibration Cal Kit Menu Restarting a CalibrationSelect Cal Kit Menu Procedure Modifying Calibration KitsDefinitions Following are definitions of terms Modify Calibration Kit Menu Detie Standard Menus TIhble 6-5. Standard DelInitions Application and Operation Concepts Described next Impedance different from system ZOCharacters ~~,~~~~~~~ Label Standard Menu ‘Ihble 6-6. Slamlard Class Assignments Calibration. For default calibration kits, this is the thru Calibration Verify performance Verification procedure may be usedCal kit menu. It will be saved with calibration sets TRL%RM* Calibration Why Use TRL Calibration?TRL lkrminology TRL* Error Model How !CRL*/LRM* Calibration Works IsoIation Same during the isolation calibration and the measurement Source match and load match Frequencies is often times physically impossible 54. Typical Measurement Set up Length No loss. Characteristic impedance ZO need not be knownRequirements Where = frequency l=lengthofline Let Fl = 1000 MHz Application and Operation Concepts Where Selections under this menuOr match &n&d ~~~~~~~~ .gQ or to the system Menu and ~~~~~~~~. with the defie timdad menu me ignored Is used to set the reference plane ~~~~~~~..~~~ Power Meter Calibration Calibrated Power LevelAssociated with power meter calibration Primary Applications Interpolation in Power Meter Calibration Loss of Power Meter Calibration DataPower Meter Calibration Modes of Operation 55. ‘I&t Setup for Continuous Sample Mode Power Sensor Calibration Factor List Network Analyzer Power Meter Power Sensor Number of Beadings Sweep Time Characteristic SpeedandAccuracy Corrected Alternate and Chop Sweep Modes 57. Alternate and Chop Sweeps Overlaid Matched Adapters Modify the Cal Kit Thru Definition Using the Instrument State Functions 58. Instrument State Function Block HP-IB Menu HP-IB Status Indicators System Controller Mode= talk mode = service request SRQ asserted by the analyzer ~.&.. .?....bLi.... ...l Using the Parallel Port Copy ModeGpio Mode Instrument ~~~~~..~~~~~ provides access to the instrument mode menu System MenuLimits Menu Ikmi% tiih Edit Limits Menu Offset Limits Menu External Source Mode Knowing the Instrument ModesPage CW=e Bange ‘lhble 6-8. External Source Capture RangesIf you press @KJ ~~~~~~~~~~ Pical Test Setup 60. Typical ‘l&t Setup for a Frequency Offset Measurement Application and Operation Concepts 61. Typical Harmonic Mode ‘I&t Setup To OFF to allow alternating sweeps Bhximum Fundamental Frequency Time Domain Operation Option Transform Menu General Theory Time Domain Bandpass 63. a Reflection Measurement of Two Cables Transmission Measurements Using Bandpass Mode ‘I&ble 6-10. Time Domain Reflection Formats Setting frequency range for time domain low pass Fault Location Measurements Using Low Pass Reflection Measurements In Time Domain Low Pass E M E N T E P R E S P O N S E P U L S E R E S P O N S E Transmission Measurements In Time Domain Low Pass PgBlQ6-c 69. Transmission Measurements Using Low Pass Impulse Mode Time Domain Concepts Masking 70. Masking Example Sidelobes 10 90% Where AF’ is the spacing between frequency data points Example= 100 x lo-’ seconds = 100 x lo-’ 6 x 3 x l$ m/s Resolution \I I 75. Sequence of Steps in Gating Operation ‘able 6-13. Gate Characteristics Transforming CW Time Measurements Into the Frequency Domain I i iiiii t Forward Transform Measurements 78. Combined Effects of Amplitude and Phase Modulation ~~~~~~ 80. Range of a Forward Transform Measurement Wst Sequencing Active entry command 1 per digit Type of Command Size in BytesZoF the ~~~~~~~~ Results for each input power level applied to the amplifier Sequencing Menu Parallel in ETS OUT Bits Commands require you to enter the destination sequence Sequencing Special Functions MenuSequence Decision Making Menu Decision Making Functions HP-GLConsiderations Entering HP-GL Commands Naming Files Generated by a Sequence Plot absolute HP-GL command PA Label HP-GL comman& Ia Amplifier Tksting Amplifier parameters Gain Compression 85. Diagram of Gain Compression Metering the power level Mixer Testing Difficulty selecting the correct signal to measureFrequency Offset Tuned Receiver Mixer Parameters That You Can Measure Accuracy Considerations Attenuation at Mixer Ports Filtering J j j i 92.Examples of Up Converters and Down Converters You a s&& either ~~~~~,~~~~~ or ~~~~,~~~~,~ 93. Down Converter Port Connections 94. Up Converter Port Connections Isolation Conversion LossLOFeedthru/LOtoRFLedage SWR / Return Loss Phase Measurements Conversion Compression Amplitude and Phase Tracking Phase Linearity and Group Delay Applicationmd OperationConcepts Reflected Signal Connection ConsiderationsAdapters Worst Case System DiBtiVity 28d.B 17dEI 14 dE3 Fixtures If You Want to Design Your Own Fixture General Measurement and Calibration Techniques Reference DocumentsFixtures and Non-Coaxial Measurements On-Wafer Measurements Specifkations and Measurement Uncertainties Dynamic Range HP 8753E Measurement Port Specifications HP 8763E 6OQ with 7-mm Test Ports Frequency Range HP 8763E SO@ with Type-N Test Ports HP8753E Wiih HP85032B Calibration Kit HP 8763E SO@W with 3.6~mm Test Ports HP8753E Wiih HP85033D Calibration Kit HP 8763E 76Q with Type-N Test Ports GHz to 3 GHz Applies at 26 f6 C t Typical Performance 15dB,30kHzto6OkHz HP 8763E 7612 with Type-F Test Ports Instrument Spectications ‘lhble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifications 1 ‘Ihble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifkations 2 ‘lhble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifications 3 ‘Ihble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifhtions 4 ‘Ihble 7-12. EP 8753E Instrument Speciikations 5 ‘Ihble 7-12. EIP 8753E Instrument Specifications 6 HP 8763E Network Analyzer General Characteristics Measurement Throughput Summary Front Panel Connectors Probe PowerRear Panel Connectors Remote Programming External Auxilhry Input AUX Input Video Output VGA OUT Line Power Display Pixel IntegrityParallel Port 232 Environmental Characteristics General Conditions Cabinet Dimensions WeightInternal Memory Page Menu Maps Page Menu Maps IrCOPY Page Format Menu LOG MAG DELA,’ Smith Chart Polar LIN MAG SWR MAX + RefIFWD MenuMaps SAVE/RECALL MEN + Save State Recall MenuYaps Page MenuMaps Pg657e Key Definitions Guide Tkrms and Conventions Analyzer Functions Set to the current adive -ker position, using the ~~~ Key Definitions At the St& of the averaging or following ~~~~~~~~~~ Ad for specifying the calibration s-d=& used. me ~~~ Key Dsfinitions Key Definitions Mo&fication.\ ~~~~~~~~lt~\brings up the printer color ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ the preset condition, both channels have Key Definitions 8-l 2 Key Definitions Sequence position Sequence 1 through 6. ~~~~~~~~ Key Definitions S21 ~~~~~~~ Key Definitions 8 Key Definitions Key Definitions 9-l With the &@&ElV &3 softkey, if it is to be used later Turns limit. .I lines on or off. lb define limits, use Key Definitions B-21 Switched on. Thirty lines of data are listed on each LxmStimulus menu Edit subsweep menu. Up to 30 frequency subsweeps Ldab AlO Wfset ILocal Let G .m4 LWX $%QXlXl% Sequence Filenaming #F$ F4MEt + ,START Stimulus settings Hold mode for one measurementCouples the marker stimulus values for the two display Allows the marker stimulus values to be controlled Moves the active marker to the minimum point on the trace Completes the selection in the Offset Load Menu Selects the calibration standard load as being offsetIs used to omit the isolation portion of the calibration Drn SB When editing a sequence, False Tg .&ZLlZGT appears when you Configures the analyzer for a plotter that has a parallel Is used to set the same power levels at each portWith the plotter Directs plots to the selected disk internal or external Allows you to set different power levels at each port Frequency and power loss value FRXif Hii tXWR Key Definitions Key Definitions RsE#kswa, Value KRSPti#SE Measures the reverse isolation of the calibration standard Gggs&fi ’F7 Key is disabled if ‘~~~~~~~ is set to ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ menu Key Definitions Kay Definitions To temate the smdwd definition Key Definitions Key Definitions Is used to specify the arbitrary impedance of the standard, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Men ~~~~~~~~ or ~~~~~~~~ is pressed, a Key Definitions B-61 ~~~~~~~~~~ above Key Definitions Cross Reference of Key Function to Programming Command Anab Menucal M4HEH DEFAULT,. i?RXllT f%KtVP ?lZAXJ.LT CXtLUH MARKF-AUV OFFlPon #iv Harmoff Lintdata Markmidd Ofls Titp Pric ‘fhble Cross Reference of Key Function to Programm ingbmmand Resd Labesbba Stop Limtsl Seatarg Trackoff Yellow Softkey Locations ‘Ittble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations Key Definitions Key Definitions ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ Able 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key Key Definitions Lhble 9-2. Softkey Lacations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key $84 Iey Definitions ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFFont-Panel Access Key Ble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Fanel Access Key ’hble 9-2. Softkey Locations ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Rmel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘able 9-2. Softkey Locations Able 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key 7hble 9-2. Softkey Locations ISoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations Error Messages Error Messages in Alphabetical Order Analog BUS Disabled IN6KHZ if BW Ascii Missing ‘VAR’ Statement Blockinputlengthehhor CANTSTORE/LOADSEQUENCE, Insufficientmemory Correction and Domain Reset Deadlock Diskis Writeprotected Duplicating to this Sequence not Allowed File not Found ~ ..~~~.. .. .., .,~~,~ IFBWKEYDISABLED, Editlistmodetbl Error Number You pressed an undefined softkey 9in progress. Start a new calibration Order to use the ~~~~,~~~ softkey function Error Number See error number Error Number See error number 57 Plot Aborted Error Number The parallel port printer is not accepting data PRINT/PLOTINPROGRESS, Abortwithlocal Probepowershut Down Selectedsequenceisenpty Slides Aborted Memoryreallocation Sweep, pres LMenu ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~, or ~~~~~~~~~ TOO Manynested SEQUENCES. SEQ Aborted WAITINGFORHP-IB Control Error Messages in Numerical Order Error Error Messages 1O-28 IN-zErl Device not on, not connect, wrong addrs No Memory Available for Sequencing List Mode OFF Invalid with LO Freq Error Number Analog BUS Disabled in 6 KHZ if BW Compatible Peripherals Calibration Kits Test Port Return Cables Verification KitAdapter Kits Power Limiters Transistor Test Fixtures System Cabinet System Testmobile HP-IB Cables Mass StorageInterface Cables Keyboards ‘Ihble 1 l-l. Keyboard ‘lkmplate DefinitionAnalyzer Function Keyboaxd Analyzer Function Kety Name Controller Sample SoftwareExternal Monitors Commended Color Monitors Connecting the Peripheral Device Peripheral Connections to the Analyzer Cotiguring the Analyzer for the Peripheral If the Peripheral is a Printer =.~~~~~.........~.......~ Until the correct function appears Print function as followsAppears Z...... iizz......ii.w.....A........w..i.i ‘.’ .~ Enter the HP-IB address of the power meter, followed by @ Enter the volume numberHP 436A HP 437B or 438A Press Local and select one of the following Configuring the Analyzer to Produce a Time Stamp Press $m$&& ad enter the au-rent year, fdlowed by Ixl HP-IB Programming Overview HP-IB Operation Device Types HP-IB Bus Structure Unaddress and revert to an idle state SRQ Service Request REN Remote EnableData lines carry device-dependent instructions or data EOI End or Identify Full-acceptor handshake Does not respond to parallel pollComplete device clear No extended listener capabilities HP-II3 Status Indicators = ‘IU mode = Service request SRQ asserted by the analyzer System-Controller Mode Next lower address Analyzer Command Syntax Code Naming Convention Valid Characters HP-II3 Debug Mode User GraphicsKHz Kilohertz US Microseconds MHz Megahertz GHz Gigahertz Preset State and Memory Allocation Types of Memory and Data Storage Non-Volatile Memory Preset State and Memory Allocation Storing Data to Disk ‘&ble 12-2. SuiIix Character Definitions Using Saved Calibration Sets Conserving Memory Preset State Register in which it is stored ‘Ihble 12-3. Preset Conditions 1 ‘lhble 12-3. Preset Conditions 2 Able 12-3. Preset Conditions 3 Default color values Taker/listenerAn instrument state are cleared Sequence 1 through 5 are erased HP-IB Addresses are set to the following defaults HP 8753E Power Meter Type is set to HP 438A/4379600 Xon-Xoff CITIfile Data Format CITIllle Keyword Reference This section will dehne the following terms Package Header Header part CITIFILEA.0190Data part 23491E-3,-1.39883E-3 00382E-3,-1.40022E-3 CITIfile Keyword #NA VERSIONHP8510B.05.00 Data Sl,l RI Example 4,861O S-Term Frequency List Cal Set F’ile Conclusion CITINe Keyword Reference Don’t change when the independent variable changes Is supported in revision A.O1.OOVariable Commonly used array names include the following Sources of Measurement Errors Determining System Measurement Uncertainties Sources of Random Errors Abl, Ab2 = dynamic accuracy = frequency Sources of Additional Measurement Errors Measurement Uncertainty Equations Reflection Phase Uncertainty Erp Transmission Uncertainty Equations Efnf = effective noise floor Transmission Phase Uncertainty Etp Dynamic Accuracy Procedures Determining Expected System Performance Characteristic Vdues ‘lhble Measurement Uncertainty Worksheet 1 Page Page Page Specifications GHz operation option75Q Impedance option Mm test ports Active Allowing repetitive switching Switch protection ~~~~~~ 4 Format, 419 auto sweep time modeEnabling Key To key cross reference, 9-54 compatible Connecting peripherals, 1 l-8 connections, 6 Adapters Mode Down converter portGroup delay measurement Conhguring Deviation from linear phase measurement Definition Calibration standards, 5-27 delayElectrical Delete display option, 1-13 deleting Linear magnitude, 6-36 log magnitude, 6-32 phase Display functions, 6-42 colorDTl responds to a group execute trigger Increasing Limitations, 7-l E2 W-state drivers, 11-19 edit ESD precautions Exammmg calibration constants, 5-27 example Signal flow in a mixerSwept if conversion loss measurement Fan location, l-11 Frequency domain concepts, 6-125-145 transform from CW time Area of display, l-10 arrays Menu, 6-32 giizj zkzzReceiver and source requirements, 6-122 receiver frequency Calibrate the analyzer receiver to measure absolute power Isolation, 5-14 error-correct for full two-portMeasure electrical length and phase distortion Define the print Set auto sweep time mode Set frequency span with markers, 2-29 set source powerDomain Print a sequence Print multiple measurements per Hpgl LIF Input ports menu InstAent state, 6-110-116 &iJ 6-51 It, 6-11 @J, 6-78 0, 6-11 @jiiJ, 6-42 entry, 6-9-lList values Low pass mode Magnitude and insertion phase response measurementSoftkey labels, l-10 softkeys LOG MKR, 2-25 Loop counter sequence Measurement frequencies, diagram, 3-10 measurement points Using swept list modeParameters set with markers, 2-26 sequence 75Q type-F test ports 75Q type-N test ports Accuracy Amplitude and phase tracking, 6-167 attenuation Tuned receiver mode Up conversionIavp @g$, 8-6 @iii,8 68-7 New features to the analyzer, l-2 ~~~~ CaI kit thru definition, 5-47 modifying SequenceMultiple sequence cascading Printing or plotting, 4-30 operation Points Datahow to reduce Parameters set with markers, 2-26 center frequencyPeripheral ~~~~.~~~ 4 Multiple measurements per Solving problems ‘amji$J& use Configuration, 4-4, 49, 11-9 modePolar or Smith format markers, 2-22 port 1 and port2, l-6 Printing or plotting list values or operating parameters Error-correction for one-port reflection measurements Modifying Trmm calibration standards Offsetting limit linesValues Resetting the printing parameters to default values Response error-correction for reflection measurements Setting center frequency with markers Using delta a markersUsing ~~~~~ to .&jvate a tied Viewing the measurement data and memory trace Procedures Relative velocity for time domain, 2-90 remote control Retention, 4-33 Re/Im MKR, 2-25, 2-26 relativeRunning Searching for values with markers, 2-32 bandwidth Service request asserted by the analyzer S @iG Spectral purity characteristics, 7-10 spurious signals Stop frequency Setting with markers StoppingSpecify Standarddehnitions Entering Testing with Iimit lines, 2-46 testmobile Test set Forward transform mode, 6-126 gating Test set switch, controlling the, 5-54 test using limitsActive channel display, 2-9 titling How to set Weight Widen system bandwidth, 5-52 windowing Time domainType-N calibration standard sex, 5-6 type-N test ports Understanding S-parameters, 6-29 units