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HP 8753E manual Response versus S 11 l-Port CMibration on Smith Chart

Models: 8753E

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Figure 6-50. Response versus S 11 l-Port CMibration on Smith Chart

F’igure 6-51 shows the response of a device in a log magnitude format, using a response calibration in Figure 6-51a and a full two-port calibration in Figure 6-51b.

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Figure 6-51. Response versus Full Two-Port Calibration

Application and Operation Concepts 6-77

Image 358

HP 8753E manual Response versus S 11 l-Port CMibration on Smith Chart

Contents

User’s Guide HP Rut No -90367 Supersedes October Printed iu USA February@ Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1998 Certification WmantyClean the cabinet, using a damp cloth only MaintenanceShipment for Service Assistance‘Iktble O-1. Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service OfEces JspaJp Fb@meSafety Symbols Instrument MarkingsGeneral Safety Considerations Acoustic Noise Emission/Geraeuschemission Compliance with German FTZ Emissions RequirementsCompliance with German Noise Requirements LpA70 dB Lpa70 dDUser’s Guide Overview Network Analyzer Documentation Set Page Declaration of Conformity Contents Page Making Mixer Measurements LO to RF Isolation RF Feedthrough Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement ResultsOptimizing Application and Operation Concepts Uncoupling StimuIus Values Between Primary Channels Contents-ll C0ti0ntr-8 Calibrated Power Level TRL* Error Model Isolation Source match and load matchTRL Calibration Procedure Requirements for TRL Standards Loss of Power Meter Calibration DataLocking onto a signal with a frequency modulation component Transforming CW Time Measurements Into the Frequency Domain Specifications and Measurement Uncertainties Compatible Peripherals Error MessagesMenu Maps Key Definitions 11-l 11-2 11-3 11-4 11-5 11-6 11-7 11-8 11-9Preset State and Memory Allocation CITIfUe Data Format and Keyword ReferenceDetermining System Measurement Uncertainties IndexDisplay Example of Searching for a Bandwidth Using MarkersResults Gate Shape Measurement Setup Diagram Shown on Analyzer DisplayTime Domain Transmission Example Measurement MeasurementContents-19 Reflection Measurement of Two Cables 128 Range Resolution of a Siie DiscontinuityCombined Effects of Amplitude and Phase Modulation Response 134Range of a Forward Transform Measurement Diagram of Gain CompressionModulation Amplifier ParametersBles Results of Power Loss to Non-Volatile Memory 12-12 Sufhx Character Definitions 12-5 Preset Conditions 1 12-8Power-on Conditions versus Preset 12-11 12-3Where to Look for More Information HP 87533 Description and OptionsControl Analyzer DescriptionPerformance Accuracy Printin& Plotting, and SavingFront Panel Features Disk eject buttonHP 5753E Dessription and Options l-5 HP-IB Status indicators are also included in this block Analyzer Display Analyzer Display Single Channel, Cartesian FormatApplication and Operation Concepts See J%I@ in , Key Definitions From inactive channels10 HP 8753E Description and Options Rear Panel Features and Connectors %.n. This fan provides forced-air cooling for the analyzerPass TTLhigh Fail ITLlowAnalyzer Options Available Service and Support Options Option lCP, Rack Mount Flange Kit With HandlesDifferences among the HP 8753 Network Analyzers Lhble l-l. Comparing the J3P 8753AIBKYD‘able 1-2. Comparing the HP 8753D and HP 8753E Making Measurements Principles of Microwave Connector Care ‘lhble 2-l. Connector Care Quick ReferenceBasic Measurement Sequence Setting the Frequency RangeBasic Measurement Sequence and Example Basic Measurement ExampleSetting the Measurement Setting the Source PowerLb change the power level to -5 dRm, press ‘lb set the span to 30 MHz, press &gziJmMeasure the device under test Using the Display Functions Example Dua.l Channel With Split Display OnLb View the Measurement Data and Memory Trace To Save a Data Trace to the Display MemoryI............s..........i ‘RI Ratio Measurements in Channel 1 To Divide Measurement Data by the Memory TraceAnalyzer performs a vector subtraction on the complex data To Title the Active Channel Display Example of a Display TitlePage Channel Display To Activate and Co&lgure the Auxilkry Channels Duplexer’s three ports are Smith chart by pressing @GZ $#$Z~B&KXCharacterizing a Duplexer Transmit TXPress= Procedure for Characterizing a DuplexerRequired Equipment Port an unlit LED indicates no connectionD. F%ess @G-T to activate channel 4, press $%$.‘ Duplexer Measurement Using Analyzer Display Markers To Use Continuous and Discrete MarkersTo Activate Display Markers ‘Ib switch off all of the markers, press ~~~Or ~~~~~7 Tb Move Marker Information off of the Grids PRnlLb Use Delta a Markers RlllllllllllPress jj ~~~~~~~~ ‘~~~~, to m&e marker 1 a reference maker Lb Activate a Fixed Marker ‘Ib change the reference marker to marker 2, pressLog Fiag 10 dfl, REF -50 d6 16 415 dB To move the reference position, press Or enter a value from the front panel keypadTo Use Polar Format Markers To access the polar markers, press‘lb Couple and Uncouple Display Markers For the display channels~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ To Use Smith Chart MarkersSin 0, where M=magnitude ‘j3JU‘lb Set Measurement Parameters Using Markers 17. Example of Impedance Smith Chart MarkersSetting the Start Frequency Setting the Center Frequency Fl i t-11I 22. Example of Setting the Reference Value Using a Marker Value. .... ... ySetting the CW Frequency 23. Example of Setting the Electrical Delay Using a Marker‘lb Search for a Specific Amplitude Searching for the Maximum AmplitudeSearching for the Minimum Amplitude Searching for a ‘beget Amplitude Example of Searching for a Beget Amplitude Using a Marker~~~~~ ad Press ~~~~~~ MarkerFctn‘~~~~~~~ Bandpass or band reject shape on the measurement traceTo Calculate the Statistics of the Measurement Data Figure Z-28. Example Statistics of Measurement DataMeasuring the Magnitude Response Measuring Magnitude and Insertion Phase ResponseConnect your test device as shown in Figure Measuring Insertion Phase Response 30. Example Magnitude Response Measurement Results32. Phase Samples Measuring Electrical Length Measuring Electrical Length and Phase DistortionPhase Distortion Electrical Length34. Linearly changing Phase Measuring Phase Distortion Deviation From Linear PhaseGroup Delay 36. Deviation From Linear Phase Example Measurement37. Group Delay Example Measurement III 11 I 11 11 MHZ Setting Up the Measurement Parameters Lksting a Device with Limit LinesCreating Flat Limit Lines 41. Example Flat Limit Line Creating a Sloping Limit Line 42. Example Flat Limit Lines~9~~~~~~ ~~@#gThis example procedure, the following limits are set Creating Single Point LimitsEditing Limit Segments Deleting Limit SegmentsReviewing the Limit Line Segments Bnnning a Limit TkstActivating the Limit Test Offsetting Limit Lines Making MeasurementsMeasuring Gain Compression Lb produce a normalized trace, perform the following steps@ @ to change the scale to 1 dB per division Lb place the marker eax.ct& on a measurement point, pressPress LMenu ~~~~~~~~~~ gaw,, $ Enter the start and stop power levels for the sweep~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ Mif Rress cmJ j-1 ~~~~~~~~~.~~~ ~~~..~~~~,~~~48. Gain Compression Using Power Sweep Tiess c~isplay ~~~~,~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ Measuring Gain and Reverse Isolation SimultaneouslyPress *F p#~~~.p~~~~6~~~~’ To channel 1 and channel49. Gain and Reverse Isolation Connect the Device Under Test Measurements Using the Swept List ModeSet the following measurement parameters To set up the swept list measurement, press Observe the Characteristics of the FilterChoose the Measurement Parameters ~~~~~~~~~~ m Lxl ~~~~~~~~~ l-loJ IxlGp&g ~~~ KG&’ Calibrate and MeasurePress iJk&~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~h 53. Filter Measurement Using Swept List Mode Typical test setup Measurements Using the Tuned Receiver ModeTuned receiver mode in-depth description External Source Requirements Tkst Sequencing Creating a Sequence 55. ‘l&t Sequencing Help InstructionsRunning a Sequence Stopping a Sequence‘Ib delete the selected command, press =J backspace key Inserting a CommandEditing a Sequence Modifying a Command Clearing a Sequence from MemoryYou stop at each character Naming Files Generated by a SequenceChanging the Sequence Title Lb complete the titling, press %@@Storing a Sequence on a Disk Purging a Sequence from Disk Procedure and then follow the printing sequenceLoading a Sequence from Disk Printing a SequenceCascading Multiple Example Sequences To run both sequences, pressMKR Fctn Loop Counter Example SequenceStart of Sequence Trans FWD s21 B/R To run the loop sequence, pressGenerating Files in a Loop Counter Example Sequence Plot llle names generated by this sequence will be Limit Test Example SequenceData file names generated by this sequence will be ‘lb nm the sequence, pressThis will create a displayed list for sequence 1, as shown Recall FlEGFundamental frequencies Measuring Swept Harmonics Option 002 OnlySet the start frequency to a value greater than 16 MHz 57 nd Harmonic Power Level in dBc Gating Measuring a Device in the Time Domain Option 010 OnlyTransmission Response in Time Domain Connect the device as shown in Figure59. Time Domain Transmission Example Measurement Gating in a Time Domain Transmission Example Measurement ‘able 2-2. Gate Characteristics Fiiure 2-61. Gate ShapeGating Effects in a Frequency Domain Example Measurement Reflection Response in Time Domain 64. Device Response in the Frequency Domain Front panel keypad after each key press 65. Device Response in the Time DomainNon-coaxial Measurements Where to Look for More Information Making Mixer MeasurementsMinimizing Source and Load Mismatches Eliminating Unwanted Mixing and Leakage SignalsMeasurement Considerations Reducing the Effect of Spurious ResponsesDown Converter Port Connections Differences Between Internal and External R Channel Inputs Frequency Offset Mode OperationJfqyw B Channel External Connection Power Meter Calibration Conversion Loss Using the Frequency Offset Mode Page Network Analyzer Power Meter POW-N&OR ~~/...~ . . . . T.,, .. L? Jal~.i To view the measurement trace, pressConversion Loss Example Measurement High Dynamic Range Swept RF/IF Conversion Loss 10. Connections for Broad Band Power Meter Calibration 11. Connections for Eeceiver Calibration Filter External LO Source 13. Example of Swept if Conversion Loss Measurement Sequence 1 Setup Tuned Receiver ModeFixed if Mixer Measurements Press the following keys on the analyzer to create sequence ~~~~~,~~~ .~~~~~~~~~~~ Im ~~~~CaUing the Next Measurement Sequence Done List Freq BSequence 2 Setup Following sequence commands Measurement Completed16. Example Fixed if Mixer Measurement Phase or Group Delay Measurements 17. Counections for a Group Delay Measurement To make a response error-correction, press Scale the data for best vertical resolutionAmplitude and Phase Tracking Conversion Compression Using the Frequency Offset Mode Pg634e Make the connections as shown in FigureMixer Under Test External LO Source Measurements setup diagram is shown in Figure ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~,~~Example Swept Power Conversion Compression Measurement Isolation Example Measurements LO to RF IsolationRefer to , Optinking Measurement Results 26. Connections for a Mixer Isolation MeasurementRF Feedthrough 27. Example Mixer ID to RF Isolation Measurement28. Connections for a Response Calibration 30. Example Mixer RF Feedthrough Measurement Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Printinfl, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Printing or Plotting Your Measurement Results Conf@uring a Print Function~.~.~.~.~.~..~.~ ....ii.........i..~~~ Defining a Print Function Black and white from a color printerTo Reset the Printing Parameters to Default Values If Yim Are Using a Color PrinterPrinting One Measurement Per I i i Printing Multiple Measurements PerPage ~............../i If Yim Are Plotting to a Pen Plotter Then @ii. &g. Mti Plot function as follows ~,~,~If You Are Plotting to a Disk Drive S K E J E C T T T O N LChoosing Display Elements Defining a Plot FunctionSelecting Auto-Feed Selecting Pen Numbers and Colors Corresponding KeySelecting Line Types ChannelChoosing Scale Press ~&&&&& mtd the selection appears that you wantPlotting One Measurement Per Page Using a Pen Plotter To Reset the Plotting Parameters to Default ValuesPlotting Multiple Measurements Per Page Using a Pen Plotter Plot Quadrants8 Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Plotting a Measurement to Disk Automatic File Naming Convention for LIF FormatTo View Plot Files on a PC To Output the Plot FilesUsing AmiPro Using Freelance Outputting Plot Files from a PC to a PlotterStore the Hpgl initialization sequence Outputting Single Page Plots Using a Printer Store the exit Hpgl mode and form feed sequenceOutputting Multiple Plots to a Single Page Using a Printer PLOTOO.RL PLUTOO.RUPlotting Multiple Measurements Per Page From Disk ‘lb Plot Multiple Measurements on a FullPL0TOOFPD To Plot Measurements in Page Quadrants 11. Plot QuadrantsTitling the Displayed Measurement Aborting a Print or Plot Process Confqjuring the Analyzer to Produce a Time StampIf Ibu Want a Single Page of Values If You Want the Entire List of Values Solving Problems with Printing or Plotting What You Can Save to the Analyzer’s Internal Memory Places Where Ybu Can SaveSaving and Recalling Instrument States What You Can Save to a Floppy DiskWhat You Can Save to a Computer Peripheral Access Saving an Instrument StateSaving Measurement Results Deline Save ModificationFlexibility II DnringAd enter the &-ive where your &Sk is located See Ascii Data Formats. ’ Ascii Data Formats S2P Data FormatTemplate for component data fiIes is as follows Comment line Re-Saving an Instrument State ‘lb Delete an Instrument State FileRenaming a File ~~~~.~~~~~If Yim Are Using an External Disk Drive Solving Problems with Saving or Recalling FilesFormatting a Disk Optimizing Measurement Results Temperature Drift Connector RepeatabilityInterconnecting Cables Increasing Measurement AccuracyPerformance Verification Frequency DriftReference Plane and Port Extensions Conditions Where Error-Correction is Suggested Measurement Error-CorrectionTypes of Error-Correction Error-Correction Stimulus State When to Use Interpolated Error-Correction Calibration Standards~~~~~~~~~~ Procedures for Error-Correcting Your Measurements Frequency Response Error-Corrections Response Error-Correction for Reflection MeasurementsNetwork Analyzer Response Error-Correction for Transmission Measurements 2J. $!BReceiver Calibration Standard Connections for Receiver CalibrationResults chapter for procedures Frequency Response and Isolation Error-Corrections Pg612e Optimizing Measurement Results Ad enter at leaf, four times more One-Port Reflection Error-Correction Connect your device under testOpen Short Loag Open Short Load For S Optimizing Measurement Results Full Two-Port Error-Correction For Reflection For Transmission For IsolationTo pORT 2, ad use the ~~~~~~~~~., ~~~~~~~~~~ Page T&M* Error-Correction TRL Error-CorrectionTRMError-Correction Come& the lOad to Port 2 a& press ~~~~~.,~~~~~ Page ~~~~~ Or ~~~~ Modifying !L’RL Standards @ Lxl ~~~~~~~~~~~ Modifying TRM Standards Assign the Stadards to the Various TRM Classes Iabel the Classes Page Editing Frequency Segments Entering the Power Sensor Calibration DataPress ~,~~ and enter the segment number followed by xl Compensating for Directional Coupler Response Deleting Frequency SegmentsUsing Sample-and-Sweep Correction Mode Sample-and-Sweep Mode for Power Meter CalibrationUsing Continuous Correction Mode KGETo Calibrate the Analyzer Receiver to Measure Absolute Power Calibrating for Noninsertable Devices 10. Noninsertable DeviceAdapter Removal 11. Adapters Needed12. ‘lko-Port Cal Set Remove the Adapter 14. Cklibrated Measurement Verify the Results Example Program MAtched Adapters NON-INSERTABLE DewceModify the Cal Kit Thru Deilnition To Improve Measurement Results Cause of Measurement ProblemsMaking Accurate Measurements of Electrically Long Devices Decreasing the Sweep RateDecreasing the Time Delay Detecting if Delay To Use Swept List ModeIncreasing Sweep Speed Option Lb Set the Auto Sweep Time ModeIb Decrease the Frequency Span Option 006‘lb Reduce the Averaging Fktor Lb Widen the System Bandwidth‘Ib Reduce the Number of Measurement Points Select the sweep type Lb Set the Sweep TypeLb View a Single Measurement Channel Points are of interest‘lb Use Fast a-Port Calibration To Activate Chop Sweep ModeTo Use External Calibration Lb activate the continuous mode, press‘lb enter the number of sweeps, press To Reduce the Receiver Noise Floor To Increase the Test Port Input PowerIncreasing Dynamic Range Changing System BandwidthTo Activate Averaging Reducing Trace NoiseReducing Receiver Crosstalk To Change System BandwidthReducing Recall Time ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~.. f#jy %&ig ~~$fj& , /.. PUnderstanding Spur Avoidance Where to Look for More Information Application and Operation ConceptsHP 8753E System Operation Signal-separation devices Receiver DisplayBuilt-In Synthesized Source Microprocessor Built-In ‘I&t SetReceiver Block Required Peripheral EquipmentData Processing Flow Diagram Data ProcessingProcessing Details Pre-Raw Data Arrays ~...... .A....u.........s....iTransform Option 010 Only Auxiliary Channels and Two-Port Calibration Active Channel KeysChannel 3 without pressing chanj twice Multiple Channel Displays Entry Block KeysEnabling Auxiliary Channels Uncoupling Stimulus Values Between Primary ChannelsKnob Units TerminatorStep Keys Modifyiug or Deleting Entries Stimulus Functions Defining Ranges with Stimulus KeysStimulus Menu Power Menu Understanding the Power RangesPower Range Transitions in the Automatic Mode Channel coupling Power Coupling OptionsTest port collpling Sweep Time Manual Sweep Time ModeAuto Sweep Time Mode Minimum Sweep Time‘12l.ble 6-1. Minimum Cycle Time in seconds Continuously and the trace is updated with each sweep Trigger MenuFeature Source Attenuator Switch ProtectionAllowing Repetitive Switching of the Attenuator Specified number of sweeps is completed.Channel Stimulus Coupling ‘. . . . . . . .,‘....’ Sweep Type Menu Segment Menu Logarithmic Frequency Sweep HzStepped List Frequency Sweep Hz Loss of calibrationStepped Edit Subsweep Menu Parameters can also be saved with an instrument statePower Ii ,.,,,, ....i,..... ...c .i i Selecting Sweep Modes Power Sweep dBmCW Time Sweep Seconds Calibration sectionAuxihary channel is enabled Response FunctionsParameters Understanding S-ParametersS-parameter menu contains the following softkeys DeilnitionConversions, as these formats are not easily interpreted Log Magnitude Format ~......, .~ Format MenuAre available by means of which softkeys / .‘~ ~~~.,..~~~ Phase Format Group Delay FormatSmith Chart Format 13. Group Delay Format14. Standard and Inverse Smith Chart Formats Polar FormatLinear Magnitude Format SWR FormatReal Format Ima@naryFormatGroup Delay Principles 19. Constant Group Delay21. Rate of Phase Change Versus Frequency Application and Operation Concepts Or ~~~~~~~~~~ Electrical DelayScale Reference Menu Assuming a relative permeabilityDisplay Menu Dual Channel Mode Single graticule see -23a4 Application and Operation Concepts Chapter for more information on this condition Four-Parameter Display FunctionsCustomizing the Display BleProvides a quick way to set up a four-parameter display Is sele&ed ~~~~6~~~~~ @ves you two choices for aYellow, indicating that the keys in yellow apply to channel PRRI=IMETER Shortcut KeysMemory Math F’unctions Setting Display IntensityTwo trace math operations are implemented Setting Default Colors \/iiYellow 100 Numeric keypad, until the desired color appearsRed 100 Green 100Averaging Averaging MenuFollowing softkeys are located within the averaging menu Smoothing If Bandwidth Reduction27. if Bandwidth Reduction Markers 28. Bbkers on TraceIMarker Menu Marker typeMarker Function Menu Is displayedWhat Is Accuracy Enhancement? Measurement CalibrationWhat Causes Measurement Errors? DirectivitySource Match Isolation crosstalk Frequency Response TrackingCharacterizing Microwave Systematic Errors One-Port Error Model34. Effective Directivity EDF 36. Reflection Tracking Em 38. Measured Effective Directivity 40. Open Circuit ?Lkrmina.tion Device Measurement 42. Bhjor Sources of Error + !T + I Reverse S,2M44. Load Match Em 45. Isolation Em 46. Full Two-Port Error Model 47. Full Two-Port Emor Model Equations Device Measurements Calibration ConsiderationsMeasurement Parameters Omitting Isolation CalibrationCalibration Standards Frequency Response of Calibration StandardsElectrical Offset Open W Ql.7~J How Effective Is Accuracy Enhancement? 50. Response versus S 11 l-Port CMibration on Smith Chart Ensuring a Valid Calibration Correcting for Measurement ErrorsFollowing softkeys are located within the correction menu Interpolated Error-correction ~or-co~e&on is on or off Press I- j~~~~~~~~~~Response and Isolation Calibration Calibrate MenuResponse Calibration S11 and S22 One-Port CalibrationTRL*/LRM* Two-Port Calibration Cal Kit Menu Restarting a CalibrationSelect Cal Kit Menu Definitions ProcedureModifying Calibration Kits Following are definitions of termsModify Calibration Kit Menu Detie Standard Menus TIhble 6-5. Standard DelInitionsApplication and Operation Concepts Described next Impedance different from system ZOCharacters ~~,~~~~~~~ Label Standard Menu‘Ihble 6-6. Slamlard Class Assignments Calibration. For default calibration kits, this is the thru CalibrationVerify performance Verification procedure may be usedCal kit menu. It will be saved with calibration sets TRL%RM* Calibration Why Use TRL Calibration?TRL lkrminology TRL* Error Model How !CRL*/LRM* Calibration WorksIsoIation Same during the isolation calibration and the measurementSource match and load match Frequencies is often times physically impossible54. Typical Measurement Set up Length No loss. Characteristic impedance ZO need not be knownRequirements Where = frequency l=lengthofline Let Fl = 1000 MHzApplication and Operation Concepts Or match &n&d ~~~~~~~~ .gQ or to the system WhereSelections under this menu Menu and ~~~~~~~~. with the defie timdad menu me ignoredIs used to set the reference plane ~~~~~~~..~~~ Associated with power meter calibration Power Meter CalibrationCalibrated Power Level Primary ApplicationsInterpolation in Power Meter Calibration Loss of Power Meter Calibration DataPower Meter Calibration Modes of Operation 55. ‘I&t Setup for Continuous Sample Mode Power Sensor Calibration Factor List Network Analyzer Power Meter Power SensorNumber of Beadings Sweep Time Characteristic SpeedandAccuracyCorrected Alternate and Chop Sweep Modes 57. Alternate and Chop Sweeps OverlaidMatched Adapters Modify the Cal Kit Thru DefinitionUsing the Instrument State Functions 58. Instrument State Function BlockHP-IB Menu = talk mode = service request SRQ asserted by the analyzer HP-IB Status IndicatorsSystem Controller Mode ~.&.. .?....bLi.... ...lGpio Mode Using the Parallel PortCopy Mode InstrumentLimits Menu ~~~~~..~~~~~ provides access to the instrument mode menuSystem Menu Ikmi% tiihEdit Limits Menu Offset Limits Menu External Source Mode Knowing the Instrument ModesPage CW=e Bange ‘lhble 6-8. External Source Capture RangesIf you press @KJ ~~~~~~~~~~ Pical Test Setup 60. Typical ‘l&t Setup for a Frequency Offset Measurement Application and Operation Concepts 61. Typical Harmonic Mode ‘I&t Setup To OFF to allow alternating sweeps Bhximum Fundamental FrequencyTime Domain Operation Option Transform MenuGeneral Theory Time Domain Bandpass 63. a Reflection Measurement of Two Cables Transmission Measurements Using Bandpass Mode ‘I&ble 6-10. Time Domain Reflection FormatsSetting frequency range for time domain low pass Fault Location Measurements Using Low Pass Reflection Measurements In Time Domain Low PassE M E N T E P R E S P O N S E P U L S E R E S P O N S E Transmission Measurements In Time Domain Low Pass PgBlQ6-c 69. Transmission Measurements Using Low Pass Impulse Mode Time Domain Concepts Masking70. Masking Example Sidelobes 10 90%= 100 x lo-’ seconds Where AF’ is the spacing between frequency data pointsExample = 100 x lo-’ 6 x 3 x l$ m/sResolution \I I 75. Sequence of Steps in Gating Operation ‘able 6-13. Gate Characteristics Transforming CW Time Measurements Into the Frequency DomainI i iiiii t Forward Transform Measurements78. Combined Effects of Amplitude and Phase Modulation ~~~~~~80. Range of a Forward Transform Measurement Wst Sequencing Active entry command 1 per digit Type of Command Size in BytesZoF the ~~~~~~~~ Results for each input power level applied to the amplifier Sequencing MenuParallel in ETS OUT Bits Sequence Decision Making Menu Commands require you to enter the destination sequenceSequencing Special Functions Menu Decision Making FunctionsHP-GLConsiderations Entering HP-GL Commands Naming Files Generated by a SequencePlot absolute HP-GL command PA Label HP-GL comman& IaAmplifier Tksting Amplifier parametersGain Compression 85. Diagram of Gain Compression Metering the power level Frequency Offset Mixer TestingDifficulty selecting the correct signal to measure Tuned ReceiverMixer Parameters That You Can Measure Accuracy ConsiderationsAttenuation at Mixer Ports Filtering J j j i92.Examples of Up Converters and Down Converters You a s&& either ~~~~~,~~~~~ or ~~~~,~~~~,~ 93. Down Converter Port Connections94. Up Converter Port Connections Isolation Conversion LossLOFeedthru/LOtoRFLedage SWR / Return Loss Phase Measurements Conversion CompressionAmplitude and Phase Tracking Phase Linearity and Group DelayApplicationmd OperationConcepts Adapters Reflected SignalConnection Considerations Worst Case System DiBtiVity 28d.B 17dEI 14 dE3Fixtures If You Want to Design Your Own FixtureGeneral Measurement and Calibration Techniques Reference DocumentsFixtures and Non-Coaxial Measurements On-Wafer Measurements Specifkations and Measurement Uncertainties Dynamic RangeHP 8753E Measurement Port Specifications HP 8763E 6OQ with 7-mm Test PortsFrequency Range HP 8763E SO@ with Type-N Test Ports HP8753E Wiih HP85032B Calibration KitHP 8763E SO@W with 3.6~mm Test Ports HP8753E Wiih HP85033D Calibration KitHP 8763E 76Q with Type-N Test Ports GHz to 3 GHzApplies at 26 f6 C t Typical Performance 15dB,30kHzto6OkHz HP 8763E 7612 with Type-F Test Ports Instrument Spectications ‘lhble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifications 1 ‘Ihble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifkations 2 ‘lhble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifications 3 ‘Ihble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifhtions 4 ‘Ihble 7-12. EP 8753E Instrument Speciikations 5 ‘Ihble 7-12. EIP 8753E Instrument Specifications 6 HP 8763E Network Analyzer General Characteristics Measurement Throughput SummaryRear Panel Connectors Front Panel ConnectorsProbe Power Remote ProgrammingExternal Auxilhry Input AUX Input Video Output VGA OUTParallel Port Line PowerDisplay Pixel Integrity 232Environmental Characteristics General ConditionsCabinet Dimensions WeightInternal Memory Page Menu Maps Page Menu Maps IrCOPY Page Format Menu LOG MAG DELA,’ Smith Chart Polar LIN MAG SWR MAX + RefIFWD MenuMaps SAVE/RECALL MEN + Save State Recall MenuYaps Page MenuMaps Pg657e Key Definitions Guide Tkrms and Conventions Analyzer FunctionsSet to the current adive -ker position, using the ~~~ Key Definitions At the St& of the averaging or following ~~~~~~~~~~ Ad for specifying the calibration s-d=& used. me ~~~ Key Dsfinitions Key Definitions Mo&fication.\ ~~~~~~~~lt~\brings up the printer color ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ the preset condition, both channels have Key Definitions 8-l 2 Key Definitions Sequence position Sequence 1 through 6. ~~~~~~~~ Key Definitions S21 ~~~~~~~ Key Definitions 8 Key Definitions Key Definitions 9-l With the &@&ElV &3 softkey, if it is to be used later Turns limit. .I lines on or off. lb define limits, useKey Definitions B-21 Stimulus menu Switched on. Thirty lines of data are listed on eachLxm Edit subsweep menu. Up to 30 frequency subsweepsLdab AlO Wfset ILocal Let G .m4LWX $%QXlXl% Sequence Filenaming #F$ F4MEt + ,START Couples the marker stimulus values for the two display Stimulus settingsHold mode for one measurement Allows the marker stimulus values to be controlledMoves the active marker to the minimum point on the trace Completes the selection in the Offset Load Menu Selects the calibration standard load as being offsetIs used to omit the isolation portion of the calibration Drn SB When editing a sequence, False Tg .&ZLlZGT appears when you With the plotter Configures the analyzer for a plotter that has a parallelIs used to set the same power levels at each port Directs plots to the selected disk internal or externalAllows you to set different power levels at each port Frequency and power loss valueFRXif Hii tXWR Key Definitions Key Definitions RsE#kswa, Value KRSPti#SE Measures the reverse isolation of the calibration standardGggs&fi ’F7 Key is disabled if ‘~~~~~~~ is set to ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ menu Key Definitions Kay Definitions To temate the smdwd definition Key Definitions Key Definitions Is used to specify the arbitrary impedance of the standard, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Men ~~~~~~~~ or ~~~~~~~~ is pressed, a Key Definitions B-61 ~~~~~~~~~~ above Key Definitions Cross Reference of Key Function to Programming Command Anab Menucal M4HEH DEFAULT,. i?RXllT f%KtVP ?lZAXJ.LT CXtLUHMARKF-AUV OFFlPon #iv Harmoff Lintdata Markmidd Ofls Titp Pric ‘fhble Cross Reference of Key Function to Programm ingbmmand Resd Labesbba Stop Limtsl Seatarg Trackoff Yellow Softkey Locations ‘Ittble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations Key Definitions Key Definitions ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ Able 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key Key Definitions Lhble 9-2. Softkey Lacations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key $84 Iey Definitions ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFFont-Panel Access Key Ble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Fanel Access Key ’hble 9-2. Softkey Locations ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Rmel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘able 9-2. Softkey Locations Able 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key 7hble 9-2. Softkey Locations ISoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations Error Messages Error Messages in Alphabetical Order Analog BUS Disabled IN6KHZ if BW Ascii Missing ‘VAR’ Statement Blockinputlengthehhor CANTSTORE/LOADSEQUENCE, Insufficientmemory Correction and Domain Reset Deadlock Diskis Writeprotected Duplicating to this Sequence not Allowed File not Found ~ ..~~~.. .. .., .,~~,~ IFBWKEYDISABLED, Editlistmodetbl Error Number You pressed an undefined softkey 9in progress. Start a new calibration Order to use the ~~~~,~~~ softkey function Error Number See error number Error Number See error number 57 Plot Aborted Error Number The parallel port printer is not accepting data PRINT/PLOTINPROGRESS, Abortwithlocal Probepowershut Down Selectedsequenceisenpty Slides Aborted Memoryreallocation Sweep, pres LMenu ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~, or ~~~~~~~~~ TOO Manynested SEQUENCES. SEQ Aborted WAITINGFORHP-IB Control Error Messages in Numerical Order Error Error Messages 1O-28IN-zErl Device not on, not connect, wrong addrsNo Memory Available for Sequencing List Mode OFF Invalid with LO Freq Error Number Analog BUS Disabled in 6 KHZ if BWCompatible Peripherals Calibration KitsTest Port Return Cables Verification KitAdapter Kits Power Limiters Transistor Test FixturesSystem Cabinet System TestmobileHP-IB Cables Mass StorageInterface Cables Analyzer Function Keyboards‘Ihble 1 l-l. Keyboard ‘lkmplate Definition Keyboaxd Analyzer Function Kety NameExternal Monitors ControllerSample Software Commended Color MonitorsConnecting the Peripheral Device Peripheral Connections to the AnalyzerCotiguring the Analyzer for the Peripheral If the Peripheral is a Printer=.~~~~~.........~.......~ Until the correct function appears Print function as followsAppears Z...... iizz......ii.w.....A........w..i.i ‘.’ .~HP 436A HP 437B or 438A Enter the HP-IB address of the power meter, followed by @Enter the volume number Press Local and select one of the followingConfiguring the Analyzer to Produce a Time Stamp Press $m$&& ad enter the au-rent year, fdlowed by IxlHP-IB Programming Overview HP-IB Operation Device TypesHP-IB Bus Structure Unaddress and revert to an idle stateData lines carry device-dependent instructions or data SRQ Service RequestREN Remote Enable EOI End or IdentifyComplete device clear Full-acceptor handshakeDoes not respond to parallel poll No extended listener capabilitiesHP-II3 Status Indicators = ‘IU mode = Service request SRQ asserted by the analyzerSystem-Controller Mode Next lower addressAnalyzer Command Syntax Code Naming ConventionValid Characters KHz Kilohertz US Microseconds MHz Megahertz HP-II3 Debug ModeUser Graphics GHz GigahertzPreset State and Memory Allocation Types of Memory and Data StorageNon-Volatile Memory Preset State and Memory Allocation Storing Data to Disk ‘&ble 12-2. SuiIix Character Definitions Using Saved Calibration Sets Conserving MemoryPreset State Register in which it is stored‘Ihble 12-3. Preset Conditions 1 ‘lhble 12-3. Preset Conditions 2 Able 12-3. Preset Conditions 3 An instrument state are cleared Default color valuesTaker/listener Sequence 1 through 5 are erased9600 HP-IB Addresses are set to the following defaults HP 8753EPower Meter Type is set to HP 438A/437 Xon-XoffCITIfile Data Format CITIllle Keyword ReferenceData part This section will dehne the following terms Package HeaderHeader part CITIFILEA.0190 23491E-3,-1.39883E-3 00382E-3,-1.40022E-3CITIfile Keyword #NA VERSIONHP8510B.05.00 Data Sl,l RIExample 4,861O S-Term Frequency List Cal Set F’ile Conclusion CITINe Keyword Reference Variable Don’t change when the independent variable changesIs supported in revision A.O1.OO Commonly used array names include the followingSources of Measurement Errors Determining System Measurement UncertaintiesSources of Random Errors Abl, Ab2 = dynamic accuracy = frequencySources of Additional Measurement Errors Measurement Uncertainty EquationsReflection Phase Uncertainty Erp Transmission Uncertainty Equations Efnf = effective noise floorTransmission Phase Uncertainty Etp Dynamic AccuracyProcedures Determining Expected System PerformanceCharacteristic Vdues ‘lhble Measurement Uncertainty Worksheet 1 Page Page Page 75Q Impedance option Mm test ports SpecificationsGHz operation option ActiveEnabling Allowing repetitive switching Switch protection ~~~~~~ 4Format, 419 auto sweep time mode KeyTo key cross reference, 9-54 compatible Group delay measurement Connecting peripherals, 1 l-8 connections, 6 AdaptersMode Down converter port ConhguringDeviation from linear phase measurement Definition Calibration standards, 5-27 delayElectrical Delete display option, 1-13 deleting DTl responds to a group execute trigger Linear magnitude, 6-36 log magnitude, 6-32 phaseDisplay functions, 6-42 color Increasing Limitations, 7-l E2 W-state drivers, 11-19 editSwept if conversion loss measurement ESD precautions Exammmg calibration constants, 5-27 exampleSignal flow in a mixer Fan location, l-11Frequency domain concepts, 6-125-145 transform from CW time Area of display, l-10 arrays Menu, 6-32 giizj zkzzReceiver and source requirements, 6-122 receiver frequency Measure electrical length and phase distortion Calibrate the analyzer receiver to measure absolute powerIsolation, 5-14 error-correct for full two-port Define the printDomain Set auto sweep time modeSet frequency span with markers, 2-29 set source power Print a sequence Print multiple measurements perHpgl LIF Input ports menuInstAent state, 6-110-116 &iJ 6-51 It, 6-11 @J, 6-78 0, 6-11 @jiiJ, 6-42 entry, 6-9-lList values Softkey labels, l-10 softkeys Low pass modeMagnitude and insertion phase response measurement LOG MKR, 2-25 Loop counter sequenceParameters set with markers, 2-26 sequence Measurement frequencies, diagram, 3-10 measurement pointsUsing swept list mode 75Q type-F test ports 75Q type-N test portsIavp Accuracy Amplitude and phase tracking, 6-167 attenuationTuned receiver mode Up conversion @g$, 8-6 @iii,8 68-7Multiple sequence cascading New features to the analyzer, l-2 ~~~~CaI kit thru definition, 5-47 modifying Sequence Printing or plotting, 4-30 operationPeripheral Points Datahow to reduceParameters set with markers, 2-26 center frequency ~~~~.~~~ 4Polar or Smith format markers, 2-22 port 1 and port2, l-6 Multiple measurements per Solving problems ‘amji$J& useConfiguration, 4-4, 49, 11-9 mode Printing or plotting list values or operating parametersValues Resetting the printing parameters to default values Error-correction for one-port reflection measurementsModifying Trmm calibration standards Offsetting limit lines Response error-correction for reflection measurementsUsing ~~~~~ to .&jvate a tied Setting center frequency with markersUsing delta a markers Viewing the measurement data and memory trace ProceduresRunning Relative velocity for time domain, 2-90 remote controlRetention, 4-33 Re/Im MKR, 2-25, 2-26 relative Searching for values with markers, 2-32 bandwidthService request asserted by the analyzer S @iGSpecify Spectral purity characteristics, 7-10 spurious signalsStop frequency Setting with markers Stopping Standarddehnitions EnteringTesting with Iimit lines, 2-46 testmobile Test setForward transform mode, 6-126 gating Test set switch, controlling the, 5-54 test using limitsActive channel display, 2-9 titling Type-N calibration standard sex, 5-6 type-N test ports How to setWeight Widen system bandwidth, 5-52 windowing Time domain Understanding S-parameters, 6-29 units