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HP 8753E manual Making Measurements

Models: 8753E

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Making Measurements

This Chapter contains the following example procedures for making measurements or using particular functions:

nBasic measurement sequence and example

0 Setting frequency range

0 Setting source power

w Analyzer display functions

nFour-Parameter Display Mode w Analyzer marker functions

nMagnitude and insertion phase response

nElectrical length and phase distortion

qDeviation from linear phase

qGroup delay

nLimit testing

nGain compression

w Gain and reverse isolation

nMeasurements using the swept list mode

nTuned Receiver Mode

nTest sequencing

nMeasuring Swept Harmonics

nTime domain

0 Transmission response

qReflection response

nNon-coaxial measurements

Where to Look for More Information

Additional information about many of the topics discussed in this Chapter is located in the following areas:

nChapter 4, “Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results,” contains instructions for saving to disk or the analyzer internal memory, and printing and plotting displayed measurements.

nChapter 5, “Optimizing Measurement Results,” describes techniques and functions for achieving the best measurement results

nChapter 6, “Application and Operation Concepts, n contains explanatory-style information about many applications and analyzer operation.

w Chapter 9, “Key Definitions,” describes all the front panel keys and softkeys.

nChapter 11, “Compatible Peripherals,” lists measurement and system accessories, and other applicable equipment compatible with the analyzer.

Making Measurements 2-l

Image 52

HP 8753E manual Making Measurements

Contents

User’s Guide HP Rut No -90367 Supersedes October Printed iu USA February@ Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1998 Certification WmantyMaintenance Shipment for ServiceClean the cabinet, using a damp cloth only Assistance‘Iktble O-1. Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service OfEces JspaJp Fb@meSafety Symbols Instrument MarkingsGeneral Safety Considerations Compliance with German FTZ Emissions Requirements Compliance with German Noise RequirementsAcoustic Noise Emission/Geraeuschemission LpA70 dB Lpa70 dDUser’s Guide Overview Network Analyzer Documentation Set Page Declaration of Conformity Contents Page Making Mixer Measurements LO to RF Isolation RF Feedthrough Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement ResultsOptimizing Application and Operation Concepts Uncoupling StimuIus Values Between Primary Channels Contents-ll C0ti0ntr-8 TRL* Error Model Isolation Source match and load match TRL Calibration Procedure Requirements for TRL StandardsCalibrated Power Level Loss of Power Meter Calibration DataLocking onto a signal with a frequency modulation component Transforming CW Time Measurements Into the Frequency Domain Specifications and Measurement Uncertainties Error Messages Menu Maps Key DefinitionsCompatible Peripherals 11-l 11-2 11-3 11-4 11-5 11-6 11-7 11-8 11-9Preset State and Memory Allocation CITIfUe Data Format and Keyword ReferenceDetermining System Measurement Uncertainties IndexDisplay Example of Searching for a Bandwidth Using MarkersResults Measurement Setup Diagram Shown on Analyzer Display Time Domain Transmission Example MeasurementGate Shape MeasurementContents-19 Range Resolution of a Siie Discontinuity Combined Effects of Amplitude and Phase ModulationReflection Measurement of Two Cables 128 Response 134Diagram of Gain Compression ModulationRange of a Forward Transform Measurement Amplifier ParametersBles Sufhx Character Definitions 12-5 Preset Conditions 1 12-8 Power-on Conditions versus Preset 12-11Results of Power Loss to Non-Volatile Memory 12-12 12-3Where to Look for More Information HP 87533 Description and OptionsControl Analyzer DescriptionPerformance Accuracy Printin& Plotting, and SavingFront Panel Features Disk eject buttonHP 5753E Dessription and Options l-5 HP-IB Status indicators are also included in this block Analyzer Display Analyzer Display Single Channel, Cartesian FormatApplication and Operation Concepts See J%I@ in , Key Definitions From inactive channels10 HP 8753E Description and Options Rear Panel Features and Connectors %.n. This fan provides forced-air cooling for the analyzerPass TTLhigh Fail ITLlowAnalyzer Options Available Service and Support Options Option lCP, Rack Mount Flange Kit With HandlesDifferences among the HP 8753 Network Analyzers Lhble l-l. Comparing the J3P 8753AIBKYD‘able 1-2. Comparing the HP 8753D and HP 8753E Making Measurements Principles of Microwave Connector Care ‘lhble 2-l. Connector Care Quick ReferenceSetting the Frequency Range Basic Measurement Sequence and ExampleBasic Measurement Sequence Basic Measurement ExampleSetting the Source Power Lb change the power level to -5 dRm, pressSetting the Measurement ‘lb set the span to 30 MHz, press &gziJmMeasure the device under test Using the Display Functions Example Dua.l Channel With Split Display OnLb View the Measurement Data and Memory Trace To Save a Data Trace to the Display MemoryI............s..........i ‘RI Ratio Measurements in Channel 1 To Divide Measurement Data by the Memory TraceAnalyzer performs a vector subtraction on the complex data To Title the Active Channel Display Example of a Display TitlePage Channel Display To Activate and Co&lgure the Auxilkry Channels Smith chart by pressing @GZ $#$Z~B&KX Characterizing a DuplexerDuplexer’s three ports are Transmit TXProcedure for Characterizing a Duplexer Required EquipmentPress= Port an unlit LED indicates no connectionD. F%ess @G-T to activate channel 4, press $%$.‘ Duplexer Measurement Using Analyzer Display Markers To Use Continuous and Discrete MarkersTo Activate Display Markers ‘Ib switch off all of the markers, press ~~~Or ~~~~~7 Tb Move Marker Information off of the Grids PRnlLb Use Delta a Markers RlllllllllllPress jj ~~~~~~~~ ‘~~~~, to m&e marker 1 a reference maker Lb Activate a Fixed Marker ‘Ib change the reference marker to marker 2, pressLog Fiag 10 dfl, REF -50 d6 16 415 dB To move the reference position, press Or enter a value from the front panel keypadTo access the polar markers, press ‘lb Couple and Uncouple Display MarkersTo Use Polar Format Markers For the display channelsTo Use Smith Chart Markers Sin 0, where M=magnitude~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ‘j3JU‘lb Set Measurement Parameters Using Markers 17. Example of Impedance Smith Chart MarkersSetting the Start Frequency Setting the Center Frequency Fl i t-11I 22. Example of Setting the Reference Value Using a Marker Value. .... ... ySetting the CW Frequency 23. Example of Setting the Electrical Delay Using a Marker‘lb Search for a Specific Amplitude Searching for the Maximum AmplitudeSearching for the Minimum Amplitude Searching for a ‘beget Amplitude Example of Searching for a Beget Amplitude Using a Marker~~~~~ ad Press ~~~~~~ MarkerFctn‘~~~~~~~ Bandpass or band reject shape on the measurement traceTo Calculate the Statistics of the Measurement Data Figure Z-28. Example Statistics of Measurement DataMeasuring the Magnitude Response Measuring Magnitude and Insertion Phase ResponseConnect your test device as shown in Figure Measuring Insertion Phase Response 30. Example Magnitude Response Measurement Results32. Phase Samples Measuring Electrical Length and Phase Distortion Phase DistortionMeasuring Electrical Length Electrical Length34. Linearly changing Phase Measuring Phase Distortion Deviation From Linear PhaseGroup Delay 36. Deviation From Linear Phase Example Measurement37. Group Delay Example Measurement III 11 I 11 11 MHZ Setting Up the Measurement Parameters Lksting a Device with Limit LinesCreating Flat Limit Lines 41. Example Flat Limit Line Creating a Sloping Limit Line 42. Example Flat Limit Lines~9~~~~~~ ~~@#gThis example procedure, the following limits are set Creating Single Point LimitsEditing Limit Segments Deleting Limit SegmentsReviewing the Limit Line Segments Bnnning a Limit TkstActivating the Limit Test Offsetting Limit Lines Making MeasurementsMeasuring Gain Compression Lb produce a normalized trace, perform the following steps@ @ to change the scale to 1 dB per division Lb place the marker eax.ct& on a measurement point, pressEnter the start and stop power levels for the sweep ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~Press LMenu ~~~~~~~~~~ gaw,, $ ~~~ ~~~ Mif Rress cmJ j-1 ~~~~~~~~~.~~~ ~~~..~~~~,~~~48. Gain Compression Using Power Sweep Measuring Gain and Reverse Isolation Simultaneously Press *F p#~~~.p~~~~6~~~~’Tiess c~isplay ~~~~,~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ To channel 1 and channel49. Gain and Reverse Isolation Connect the Device Under Test Measurements Using the Swept List ModeSet the following measurement parameters To set up the swept list measurement, press Observe the Characteristics of the FilterChoose the Measurement Parameters ~~~~~~~~~~ m Lxl ~~~~~~~~~ l-loJ IxlGp&g ~~~ KG&’ Calibrate and MeasurePress iJk&~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~h 53. Filter Measurement Using Swept List Mode Typical test setup Measurements Using the Tuned Receiver ModeTuned receiver mode in-depth description External Source Requirements Tkst Sequencing Creating a Sequence 55. ‘l&t Sequencing Help InstructionsRunning a Sequence Stopping a Sequence‘Ib delete the selected command, press =J backspace key Inserting a CommandEditing a Sequence Modifying a Command Clearing a Sequence from MemoryNaming Files Generated by a Sequence Changing the Sequence TitleYou stop at each character Lb complete the titling, press %@@Storing a Sequence on a Disk Procedure and then follow the printing sequence Loading a Sequence from DiskPurging a Sequence from Disk Printing a SequenceCascading Multiple Example Sequences To run both sequences, pressLoop Counter Example Sequence Start of Sequence Trans FWD s21 B/RMKR Fctn To run the loop sequence, pressGenerating Files in a Loop Counter Example Sequence Limit Test Example Sequence Data file names generated by this sequence will bePlot llle names generated by this sequence will be ‘lb nm the sequence, pressThis will create a displayed list for sequence 1, as shown Recall FlEGFundamental frequencies Measuring Swept Harmonics Option 002 OnlySet the start frequency to a value greater than 16 MHz 57 nd Harmonic Power Level in dBc Measuring a Device in the Time Domain Option 010 Only Transmission Response in Time DomainGating Connect the device as shown in Figure59. Time Domain Transmission Example Measurement Gating in a Time Domain Transmission Example Measurement ‘able 2-2. Gate Characteristics Fiiure 2-61. Gate ShapeGating Effects in a Frequency Domain Example Measurement Reflection Response in Time Domain 64. Device Response in the Frequency Domain Front panel keypad after each key press 65. Device Response in the Time DomainNon-coaxial Measurements Where to Look for More Information Making Mixer MeasurementsEliminating Unwanted Mixing and Leakage Signals Measurement ConsiderationsMinimizing Source and Load Mismatches Reducing the Effect of Spurious ResponsesDown Converter Port Connections Differences Between Internal and External R Channel Inputs Frequency Offset Mode OperationJfqyw B Channel External Connection Power Meter Calibration Conversion Loss Using the Frequency Offset Mode Page Network Analyzer Power Meter POW-N&OR ~~/...~ . . . . T.,, .. L? Jal~.i To view the measurement trace, pressConversion Loss Example Measurement High Dynamic Range Swept RF/IF Conversion Loss 10. Connections for Broad Band Power Meter Calibration 11. Connections for Eeceiver Calibration Filter External LO Source 13. Example of Swept if Conversion Loss Measurement Sequence 1 Setup Tuned Receiver ModeFixed if Mixer Measurements Press the following keys on the analyzer to create sequence ~~~~~,~~~ .~~~~~~~~~~~ Im ~~~~CaUing the Next Measurement Sequence Done List Freq BSequence 2 Setup Following sequence commands Measurement Completed16. Example Fixed if Mixer Measurement Phase or Group Delay Measurements 17. Counections for a Group Delay Measurement To make a response error-correction, press Scale the data for best vertical resolutionAmplitude and Phase Tracking Conversion Compression Using the Frequency Offset Mode Pg634e Make the connections as shown in FigureMixer Under Test External LO Source Measurements setup diagram is shown in Figure ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~,~~Example Swept Power Conversion Compression Measurement Isolation Example Measurements LO to RF IsolationRefer to , Optinking Measurement Results 26. Connections for a Mixer Isolation MeasurementRF Feedthrough 27. Example Mixer ID to RF Isolation Measurement28. Connections for a Response Calibration 30. Example Mixer RF Feedthrough Measurement Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Printinfl, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Printing or Plotting Your Measurement Results Conf@uring a Print Function~.~.~.~.~.~..~.~ ....ii.........i..~~~ Defining a Print Function Black and white from a color printerTo Reset the Printing Parameters to Default Values If Yim Are Using a Color PrinterPrinting One Measurement Per I i i Printing Multiple Measurements PerPage ~............../i If Yim Are Plotting to a Pen Plotter Then @ii. &g. Mti Plot function as follows ~,~,~If You Are Plotting to a Disk Drive S K E J E C T T T O N LChoosing Display Elements Defining a Plot FunctionSelecting Auto-Feed Selecting Pen Numbers and Colors Corresponding KeySelecting Line Types ChannelChoosing Scale Press ~&&&&& mtd the selection appears that you wantPlotting One Measurement Per Page Using a Pen Plotter To Reset the Plotting Parameters to Default ValuesPlotting Multiple Measurements Per Page Using a Pen Plotter Plot Quadrants8 Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Plotting a Measurement to Disk Automatic File Naming Convention for LIF FormatTo View Plot Files on a PC To Output the Plot FilesUsing AmiPro Using Freelance Outputting Plot Files from a PC to a PlotterStore the Hpgl initialization sequence Outputting Single Page Plots Using a Printer Store the exit Hpgl mode and form feed sequenceOutputting Multiple Plots to a Single Page Using a Printer PLOTOO.RL PLUTOO.RUPlotting Multiple Measurements Per Page From Disk ‘lb Plot Multiple Measurements on a FullPL0TOOFPD To Plot Measurements in Page Quadrants 11. Plot QuadrantsTitling the Displayed Measurement Aborting a Print or Plot Process Confqjuring the Analyzer to Produce a Time StampIf Ibu Want a Single Page of Values If You Want the Entire List of Values Solving Problems with Printing or Plotting Places Where Ybu Can Save Saving and Recalling Instrument StatesWhat You Can Save to the Analyzer’s Internal Memory What You Can Save to a Floppy DiskWhat You Can Save to a Computer Peripheral Access Saving an Instrument StateSaving Measurement Results Deline Save ModificationFlexibility II DnringAd enter the &-ive where your &Sk is located See Ascii Data Formats. ’ Ascii Data Formats S2P Data FormatTemplate for component data fiIes is as follows Comment line Re-Saving an Instrument State ‘lb Delete an Instrument State FileRenaming a File ~~~~.~~~~~If Yim Are Using an External Disk Drive Solving Problems with Saving or Recalling FilesFormatting a Disk Optimizing Measurement Results Connector Repeatability Interconnecting CablesTemperature Drift Increasing Measurement AccuracyPerformance Verification Frequency DriftReference Plane and Port Extensions Conditions Where Error-Correction is Suggested Measurement Error-CorrectionTypes of Error-Correction Error-Correction Stimulus State When to Use Interpolated Error-Correction Calibration Standards~~~~~~~~~~ Procedures for Error-Correcting Your Measurements Frequency Response Error-Corrections Response Error-Correction for Reflection MeasurementsNetwork Analyzer Response Error-Correction for Transmission Measurements 2J. $!BReceiver Calibration Standard Connections for Receiver CalibrationResults chapter for procedures Frequency Response and Isolation Error-Corrections Pg612e Optimizing Measurement Results Ad enter at leaf, four times more One-Port Reflection Error-Correction Connect your device under testOpen Short Loag Open Short Load For S Optimizing Measurement Results Full Two-Port Error-Correction For Reflection For Transmission For IsolationTo pORT 2, ad use the ~~~~~~~~~., ~~~~~~~~~~ Page T&M* Error-Correction TRL Error-CorrectionTRMError-Correction Come& the lOad to Port 2 a& press ~~~~~.,~~~~~ Page ~~~~~ Or ~~~~ Modifying !L’RL Standards @ Lxl ~~~~~~~~~~~ Modifying TRM Standards Assign the Stadards to the Various TRM Classes Iabel the Classes Page Editing Frequency Segments Entering the Power Sensor Calibration DataPress ~,~~ and enter the segment number followed by xl Compensating for Directional Coupler Response Deleting Frequency SegmentsUsing Sample-and-Sweep Correction Mode Sample-and-Sweep Mode for Power Meter CalibrationUsing Continuous Correction Mode KGETo Calibrate the Analyzer Receiver to Measure Absolute Power Calibrating for Noninsertable Devices 10. Noninsertable DeviceAdapter Removal 11. Adapters Needed12. ‘lko-Port Cal Set Remove the Adapter 14. Cklibrated Measurement Verify the Results Example Program MAtched Adapters NON-INSERTABLE DewceModify the Cal Kit Thru Deilnition Cause of Measurement Problems Making Accurate Measurements of Electrically Long DevicesTo Improve Measurement Results Decreasing the Sweep RateDecreasing the Time Delay Detecting if Delay To Use Swept List ModeIncreasing Sweep Speed Lb Set the Auto Sweep Time Mode Ib Decrease the Frequency SpanOption Option 006‘lb Reduce the Averaging Fktor Lb Widen the System Bandwidth‘Ib Reduce the Number of Measurement Points Lb Set the Sweep Type Lb View a Single Measurement ChannelSelect the sweep type Points are of interestTo Activate Chop Sweep Mode To Use External Calibration‘lb Use Fast a-Port Calibration Lb activate the continuous mode, press‘lb enter the number of sweeps, press To Increase the Test Port Input Power Increasing Dynamic RangeTo Reduce the Receiver Noise Floor Changing System BandwidthReducing Trace Noise Reducing Receiver CrosstalkTo Activate Averaging To Change System BandwidthReducing Recall Time ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~.. f#jy %&ig ~~$fj& , /.. PUnderstanding Spur Avoidance Where to Look for More Information Application and Operation ConceptsHP 8753E System Operation Signal-separation devices Receiver DisplayBuilt-In Synthesized Source Built-In ‘I&t Set Receiver BlockMicroprocessor Required Peripheral EquipmentData Processing Flow Diagram Data ProcessingProcessing Details Pre-Raw Data Arrays ~...... .A....u.........s....iTransform Option 010 Only Auxiliary Channels and Two-Port Calibration Active Channel KeysChannel 3 without pressing chanj twice Entry Block Keys Enabling Auxiliary ChannelsMultiple Channel Displays Uncoupling Stimulus Values Between Primary ChannelsKnob Units TerminatorStep Keys Modifyiug or Deleting Entries Stimulus Functions Defining Ranges with Stimulus KeysStimulus Menu Power Menu Understanding the Power RangesPower Range Transitions in the Automatic Mode Channel coupling Power Coupling OptionsTest port collpling Manual Sweep Time Mode Auto Sweep Time ModeSweep Time Minimum Sweep Time‘12l.ble 6-1. Minimum Cycle Time in seconds Continuously and the trace is updated with each sweep Trigger MenuSource Attenuator Switch Protection Allowing Repetitive Switching of the AttenuatorFeature Specified number of sweeps is completed.Channel Stimulus Coupling ‘. . . . . . . .,‘....’ Sweep Type Menu Logarithmic Frequency Sweep Hz Stepped List Frequency Sweep HzSegment Menu Loss of calibrationStepped Edit Subsweep Menu Parameters can also be saved with an instrument statePower Ii ,.,,,, ....i,..... ...c .i i Power Sweep dBm CW Time Sweep SecondsSelecting Sweep Modes Calibration sectionAuxihary channel is enabled Response FunctionsParameters Understanding S-ParametersS-parameter menu contains the following softkeys DeilnitionConversions, as these formats are not easily interpreted Log Magnitude Format ~......, .~ Format MenuAre available by means of which softkeys / .‘~ ~~~.,..~~~ Phase Format Group Delay FormatSmith Chart Format 13. Group Delay Format14. Standard and Inverse Smith Chart Formats Polar FormatLinear Magnitude Format SWR FormatReal Format Ima@naryFormatGroup Delay Principles 19. Constant Group Delay21. Rate of Phase Change Versus Frequency Application and Operation Concepts Electrical Delay Scale Reference MenuOr ~~~~~~~~~~ Assuming a relative permeabilityDisplay Menu Dual Channel Mode Single graticule see -23a4 Application and Operation Concepts Four-Parameter Display Functions Customizing the DisplayChapter for more information on this condition BleProvides a quick way to set up a four-parameter display Is sele&ed ~~~~6~~~~~ @ves you two choices for aYellow, indicating that the keys in yellow apply to channel PRRI=IMETER Shortcut KeysMemory Math F’unctions Setting Display IntensityTwo trace math operations are implemented Setting Default Colors \/iiNumeric keypad, until the desired color appears Red 100Yellow 100 Green 100Averaging Averaging MenuFollowing softkeys are located within the averaging menu Smoothing If Bandwidth Reduction27. if Bandwidth Reduction Markers 28. Bbkers on TraceIMarker Menu Marker typeMarker Function Menu Is displayedWhat Is Accuracy Enhancement? Measurement CalibrationWhat Causes Measurement Errors? DirectivitySource Match Isolation crosstalk Frequency Response TrackingCharacterizing Microwave Systematic Errors One-Port Error Model34. Effective Directivity EDF 36. Reflection Tracking Em 38. Measured Effective Directivity 40. Open Circuit ?Lkrmina.tion Device Measurement 42. Bhjor Sources of Error + !T + I Reverse S,2M44. Load Match Em 45. Isolation Em 46. Full Two-Port Error Model 47. Full Two-Port Emor Model Equations Calibration Considerations Measurement ParametersDevice Measurements Omitting Isolation CalibrationCalibration Standards Frequency Response of Calibration StandardsElectrical Offset Open W Ql.7~J How Effective Is Accuracy Enhancement? 50. Response versus S 11 l-Port CMibration on Smith Chart Ensuring a Valid Calibration Correcting for Measurement ErrorsFollowing softkeys are located within the correction menu Interpolated Error-correction ~or-co~e&on is on or off Press I- j~~~~~~~~~~Calibrate Menu Response CalibrationResponse and Isolation Calibration S11 and S22 One-Port CalibrationTRL*/LRM* Two-Port Calibration Cal Kit Menu Restarting a CalibrationSelect Cal Kit Menu Procedure Modifying Calibration KitsDefinitions Following are definitions of termsModify Calibration Kit Menu Detie Standard Menus TIhble 6-5. Standard DelInitionsApplication and Operation Concepts Described next Impedance different from system ZOCharacters ~~,~~~~~~~ Label Standard Menu‘Ihble 6-6. Slamlard Class Assignments Calibration. For default calibration kits, this is the thru CalibrationVerify performance Verification procedure may be usedCal kit menu. It will be saved with calibration sets TRL%RM* Calibration Why Use TRL Calibration?TRL lkrminology TRL* Error Model How !CRL*/LRM* Calibration WorksIsoIation Same during the isolation calibration and the measurementSource match and load match Frequencies is often times physically impossible54. Typical Measurement Set up Length No loss. Characteristic impedance ZO need not be knownRequirements Where = frequency l=lengthofline Let Fl = 1000 MHzApplication and Operation Concepts Where Selections under this menuOr match &n&d ~~~~~~~~ .gQ or to the system Menu and ~~~~~~~~. with the defie timdad menu me ignoredIs used to set the reference plane ~~~~~~~..~~~ Power Meter Calibration Calibrated Power LevelAssociated with power meter calibration Primary ApplicationsInterpolation in Power Meter Calibration Loss of Power Meter Calibration DataPower Meter Calibration Modes of Operation 55. ‘I&t Setup for Continuous Sample Mode Power Sensor Calibration Factor List Network Analyzer Power Meter Power SensorNumber of Beadings Sweep Time Characteristic SpeedandAccuracyCorrected Alternate and Chop Sweep Modes 57. Alternate and Chop Sweeps OverlaidMatched Adapters Modify the Cal Kit Thru DefinitionUsing the Instrument State Functions 58. Instrument State Function BlockHP-IB Menu HP-IB Status Indicators System Controller Mode= talk mode = service request SRQ asserted by the analyzer ~.&.. .?....bLi.... ...lUsing the Parallel Port Copy ModeGpio Mode Instrument~~~~~..~~~~~ provides access to the instrument mode menu System MenuLimits Menu Ikmi% tiihEdit Limits Menu Offset Limits Menu External Source Mode Knowing the Instrument ModesPage CW=e Bange ‘lhble 6-8. External Source Capture RangesIf you press @KJ ~~~~~~~~~~ Pical Test Setup 60. Typical ‘l&t Setup for a Frequency Offset Measurement Application and Operation Concepts 61. Typical Harmonic Mode ‘I&t Setup To OFF to allow alternating sweeps Bhximum Fundamental FrequencyTime Domain Operation Option Transform MenuGeneral Theory Time Domain Bandpass 63. a Reflection Measurement of Two Cables Transmission Measurements Using Bandpass Mode ‘I&ble 6-10. Time Domain Reflection FormatsSetting frequency range for time domain low pass Fault Location Measurements Using Low Pass Reflection Measurements In Time Domain Low PassE M E N T E P R E S P O N S E P U L S E R E S P O N S E Transmission Measurements In Time Domain Low Pass PgBlQ6-c 69. Transmission Measurements Using Low Pass Impulse Mode Time Domain Concepts Masking70. Masking Example Sidelobes 10 90%Where AF’ is the spacing between frequency data points Example= 100 x lo-’ seconds = 100 x lo-’ 6 x 3 x l$ m/sResolution \I I 75. Sequence of Steps in Gating Operation ‘able 6-13. Gate Characteristics Transforming CW Time Measurements Into the Frequency DomainI i iiiii t Forward Transform Measurements78. Combined Effects of Amplitude and Phase Modulation ~~~~~~80. Range of a Forward Transform Measurement Wst Sequencing Active entry command 1 per digit Type of Command Size in BytesZoF the ~~~~~~~~ Results for each input power level applied to the amplifier Sequencing MenuParallel in ETS OUT Bits Commands require you to enter the destination sequence Sequencing Special Functions MenuSequence Decision Making Menu Decision Making FunctionsHP-GLConsiderations Entering HP-GL Commands Naming Files Generated by a SequencePlot absolute HP-GL command PA Label HP-GL comman& IaAmplifier Tksting Amplifier parametersGain Compression 85. Diagram of Gain Compression Metering the power level Mixer Testing Difficulty selecting the correct signal to measureFrequency Offset Tuned ReceiverMixer Parameters That You Can Measure Accuracy ConsiderationsAttenuation at Mixer Ports Filtering J j j i92.Examples of Up Converters and Down Converters You a s&& either ~~~~~,~~~~~ or ~~~~,~~~~,~ 93. Down Converter Port Connections94. Up Converter Port Connections Isolation Conversion LossLOFeedthru/LOtoRFLedage SWR / Return Loss Phase Measurements Conversion CompressionAmplitude and Phase Tracking Phase Linearity and Group DelayApplicationmd OperationConcepts Reflected Signal Connection ConsiderationsAdapters Worst Case System DiBtiVity 28d.B 17dEI 14 dE3Fixtures If You Want to Design Your Own FixtureGeneral Measurement and Calibration Techniques Reference DocumentsFixtures and Non-Coaxial Measurements On-Wafer Measurements Specifkations and Measurement Uncertainties Dynamic RangeHP 8753E Measurement Port Specifications HP 8763E 6OQ with 7-mm Test PortsFrequency Range HP 8763E SO@ with Type-N Test Ports HP8753E Wiih HP85032B Calibration KitHP 8763E SO@W with 3.6~mm Test Ports HP8753E Wiih HP85033D Calibration KitHP 8763E 76Q with Type-N Test Ports GHz to 3 GHzApplies at 26 f6 C t Typical Performance 15dB,30kHzto6OkHz HP 8763E 7612 with Type-F Test Ports Instrument Spectications ‘lhble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifications 1 ‘Ihble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifkations 2 ‘lhble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifications 3 ‘Ihble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifhtions 4 ‘Ihble 7-12. EP 8753E Instrument Speciikations 5 ‘Ihble 7-12. EIP 8753E Instrument Specifications 6 HP 8763E Network Analyzer General Characteristics Measurement Throughput SummaryFront Panel Connectors Probe PowerRear Panel Connectors Remote ProgrammingExternal Auxilhry Input AUX Input Video Output VGA OUTLine Power Display Pixel IntegrityParallel Port 232Environmental Characteristics General ConditionsCabinet Dimensions WeightInternal Memory Page Menu Maps Page Menu Maps IrCOPY Page Format Menu LOG MAG DELA,’ Smith Chart Polar LIN MAG SWR MAX + RefIFWD MenuMaps SAVE/RECALL MEN + Save State Recall MenuYaps Page MenuMaps Pg657e Key Definitions Guide Tkrms and Conventions Analyzer FunctionsSet to the current adive -ker position, using the ~~~ Key Definitions At the St& of the averaging or following ~~~~~~~~~~ Ad for specifying the calibration s-d=& used. me ~~~ Key Dsfinitions Key Definitions Mo&fication.\ ~~~~~~~~lt~\brings up the printer color ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ the preset condition, both channels have Key Definitions 8-l 2 Key Definitions Sequence position Sequence 1 through 6. ~~~~~~~~ Key Definitions S21 ~~~~~~~ Key Definitions 8 Key Definitions Key Definitions 9-l With the &@&ElV &3 softkey, if it is to be used later Turns limit. .I lines on or off. lb define limits, useKey Definitions B-21 Switched on. Thirty lines of data are listed on each LxmStimulus menu Edit subsweep menu. Up to 30 frequency subsweepsLdab AlO Wfset ILocal Let G .m4LWX $%QXlXl% Sequence Filenaming #F$ F4MEt + ,START Stimulus settings Hold mode for one measurementCouples the marker stimulus values for the two display Allows the marker stimulus values to be controlledMoves the active marker to the minimum point on the trace Completes the selection in the Offset Load Menu Selects the calibration standard load as being offsetIs used to omit the isolation portion of the calibration Drn SB When editing a sequence, False Tg .&ZLlZGT appears when you Configures the analyzer for a plotter that has a parallel Is used to set the same power levels at each portWith the plotter Directs plots to the selected disk internal or externalAllows you to set different power levels at each port Frequency and power loss valueFRXif Hii tXWR Key Definitions Key Definitions RsE#kswa, Value KRSPti#SE Measures the reverse isolation of the calibration standardGggs&fi ’F7 Key is disabled if ‘~~~~~~~ is set to ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ menu Key Definitions Kay Definitions To temate the smdwd definition Key Definitions Key Definitions Is used to specify the arbitrary impedance of the standard, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Men ~~~~~~~~ or ~~~~~~~~ is pressed, a Key Definitions B-61 ~~~~~~~~~~ above Key Definitions Cross Reference of Key Function to Programming Command Anab Menucal M4HEH DEFAULT,. i?RXllT f%KtVP ?lZAXJ.LT CXtLUHMARKF-AUV OFFlPon #iv Harmoff Lintdata Markmidd Ofls Titp Pric ‘fhble Cross Reference of Key Function to Programm ingbmmand Resd Labesbba Stop Limtsl Seatarg Trackoff Yellow Softkey Locations ‘Ittble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations Key Definitions Key Definitions ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ Able 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key Key Definitions Lhble 9-2. Softkey Lacations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key $84 Iey Definitions ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFFont-Panel Access Key Ble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Fanel Access Key ’hble 9-2. Softkey Locations ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Rmel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘able 9-2. Softkey Locations Able 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key 7hble 9-2. Softkey Locations ISoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations Error Messages Error Messages in Alphabetical Order Analog BUS Disabled IN6KHZ if BW Ascii Missing ‘VAR’ Statement Blockinputlengthehhor CANTSTORE/LOADSEQUENCE, Insufficientmemory Correction and Domain Reset Deadlock Diskis Writeprotected Duplicating to this Sequence not Allowed File not Found ~ ..~~~.. .. .., .,~~,~ IFBWKEYDISABLED, Editlistmodetbl Error Number You pressed an undefined softkey 9in progress. Start a new calibration Order to use the ~~~~,~~~ softkey function Error Number See error number Error Number See error number 57 Plot Aborted Error Number The parallel port printer is not accepting data PRINT/PLOTINPROGRESS, Abortwithlocal Probepowershut Down Selectedsequenceisenpty Slides Aborted Memoryreallocation Sweep, pres LMenu ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~, or ~~~~~~~~~ TOO Manynested SEQUENCES. SEQ Aborted WAITINGFORHP-IB Control Error Messages in Numerical Order Error Error Messages 1O-28IN-zErl Device not on, not connect, wrong addrsNo Memory Available for Sequencing List Mode OFF Invalid with LO Freq Error Number Analog BUS Disabled in 6 KHZ if BWCompatible Peripherals Calibration KitsTest Port Return Cables Verification KitAdapter Kits Power Limiters Transistor Test FixturesSystem Cabinet System TestmobileHP-IB Cables Mass StorageInterface Cables Keyboards ‘Ihble 1 l-l. Keyboard ‘lkmplate DefinitionAnalyzer Function Keyboaxd Analyzer Function Kety NameController Sample SoftwareExternal Monitors Commended Color MonitorsConnecting the Peripheral Device Peripheral Connections to the AnalyzerCotiguring the Analyzer for the Peripheral If the Peripheral is a Printer=.~~~~~.........~.......~ Until the correct function appears Print function as followsAppears Z...... iizz......ii.w.....A........w..i.i ‘.’ .~Enter the HP-IB address of the power meter, followed by @ Enter the volume numberHP 436A HP 437B or 438A Press Local and select one of the followingConfiguring the Analyzer to Produce a Time Stamp Press $m$&& ad enter the au-rent year, fdlowed by IxlHP-IB Programming Overview HP-IB Operation Device TypesHP-IB Bus Structure Unaddress and revert to an idle stateSRQ Service Request REN Remote EnableData lines carry device-dependent instructions or data EOI End or IdentifyFull-acceptor handshake Does not respond to parallel pollComplete device clear No extended listener capabilitiesHP-II3 Status Indicators = ‘IU mode = Service request SRQ asserted by the analyzerSystem-Controller Mode Next lower addressAnalyzer Command Syntax Code Naming ConventionValid Characters HP-II3 Debug Mode User GraphicsKHz Kilohertz US Microseconds MHz Megahertz GHz GigahertzPreset State and Memory Allocation Types of Memory and Data StorageNon-Volatile Memory Preset State and Memory Allocation Storing Data to Disk ‘&ble 12-2. SuiIix Character Definitions Using Saved Calibration Sets Conserving MemoryPreset State Register in which it is stored‘Ihble 12-3. Preset Conditions 1 ‘lhble 12-3. Preset Conditions 2 Able 12-3. Preset Conditions 3 Default color values Taker/listenerAn instrument state are cleared Sequence 1 through 5 are erasedHP-IB Addresses are set to the following defaults HP 8753E Power Meter Type is set to HP 438A/4379600 Xon-XoffCITIfile Data Format CITIllle Keyword ReferenceThis section will dehne the following terms Package Header Header part CITIFILEA.0190Data part 23491E-3,-1.39883E-3 00382E-3,-1.40022E-3CITIfile Keyword #NA VERSIONHP8510B.05.00 Data Sl,l RIExample 4,861O S-Term Frequency List Cal Set F’ile Conclusion CITINe Keyword Reference Don’t change when the independent variable changes Is supported in revision A.O1.OOVariable Commonly used array names include the followingSources of Measurement Errors Determining System Measurement UncertaintiesSources of Random Errors Abl, Ab2 = dynamic accuracy = frequencySources of Additional Measurement Errors Measurement Uncertainty EquationsReflection Phase Uncertainty Erp Transmission Uncertainty Equations Efnf = effective noise floorTransmission Phase Uncertainty Etp Dynamic AccuracyProcedures Determining Expected System PerformanceCharacteristic Vdues ‘lhble Measurement Uncertainty Worksheet 1 Page Page Page Specifications GHz operation option75Q Impedance option Mm test ports ActiveAllowing repetitive switching Switch protection ~~~~~~ 4 Format, 419 auto sweep time modeEnabling KeyTo key cross reference, 9-54 compatible Connecting peripherals, 1 l-8 connections, 6 Adapters Mode Down converter portGroup delay measurement ConhguringDeviation from linear phase measurement Definition Calibration standards, 5-27 delayElectrical Delete display option, 1-13 deleting Linear magnitude, 6-36 log magnitude, 6-32 phase Display functions, 6-42 colorDTl responds to a group execute trigger Increasing Limitations, 7-l E2 W-state drivers, 11-19 editESD precautions Exammmg calibration constants, 5-27 example Signal flow in a mixerSwept if conversion loss measurement Fan location, l-11Frequency domain concepts, 6-125-145 transform from CW time Area of display, l-10 arrays Menu, 6-32 giizj zkzzReceiver and source requirements, 6-122 receiver frequency Calibrate the analyzer receiver to measure absolute power Isolation, 5-14 error-correct for full two-portMeasure electrical length and phase distortion Define the printSet auto sweep time mode Set frequency span with markers, 2-29 set source powerDomain Print a sequence Print multiple measurements perHpgl LIF Input ports menuInstAent state, 6-110-116 &iJ 6-51 It, 6-11 @J, 6-78 0, 6-11 @jiiJ, 6-42 entry, 6-9-lList values Low pass mode Magnitude and insertion phase response measurementSoftkey labels, l-10 softkeys LOG MKR, 2-25 Loop counter sequenceMeasurement frequencies, diagram, 3-10 measurement points Using swept list modeParameters set with markers, 2-26 sequence 75Q type-F test ports 75Q type-N test portsAccuracy Amplitude and phase tracking, 6-167 attenuation Tuned receiver mode Up conversionIavp @g$, 8-6 @iii,8 68-7New features to the analyzer, l-2 ~~~~ CaI kit thru definition, 5-47 modifying SequenceMultiple sequence cascading Printing or plotting, 4-30 operationPoints Datahow to reduce Parameters set with markers, 2-26 center frequencyPeripheral ~~~~.~~~ 4Multiple measurements per Solving problems ‘amji$J& use Configuration, 4-4, 49, 11-9 modePolar or Smith format markers, 2-22 port 1 and port2, l-6 Printing or plotting list values or operating parametersError-correction for one-port reflection measurements Modifying Trmm calibration standards Offsetting limit linesValues Resetting the printing parameters to default values Response error-correction for reflection measurementsSetting center frequency with markers Using delta a markersUsing ~~~~~ to .&jvate a tied Viewing the measurement data and memory trace ProceduresRelative velocity for time domain, 2-90 remote control Retention, 4-33 Re/Im MKR, 2-25, 2-26 relativeRunning Searching for values with markers, 2-32 bandwidthService request asserted by the analyzer S @iGSpectral purity characteristics, 7-10 spurious signals Stop frequency Setting with markers StoppingSpecify Standarddehnitions EnteringTesting with Iimit lines, 2-46 testmobile Test setForward transform mode, 6-126 gating Test set switch, controlling the, 5-54 test using limitsActive channel display, 2-9 titling How to set Weight Widen system bandwidth, 5-52 windowing Time domainType-N calibration standard sex, 5-6 type-N test ports Understanding S-parameters, 6-29 units