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HP 8753E manual Understanding Spur Avoidance

Models: 8753E

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Understanding Spur Avoidance

In the 400 MHz to 3 GHz range, where the source signal is created by heterodyning two higher frequency oscillators, unwanted spurious mixing products from the source may be present at the output. These spurs can become apparent in iilter measurements when filters have greater than 80 dB rejection.

Spur avoidance slightly moves the frequency of both oscillators such that the source frequency remains the same but the spurious mixing products shift out of the measurement receiver range. The calculation of the exact frequency points where the shifting must occur (stored

Optimizing Measurement Results 5-59

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HP 8753E manual Understanding Spur Avoidance

Contents

HP Rut No -90367 Supersedes October Printed iu USA February User’s Guide@ Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1998 Wmanty CertificationShipment for Service MaintenanceClean the cabinet, using a damp cloth only AssistanceJspaJp Fb@me ‘Iktble O-1. Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service OfEcesInstrument Markings Safety SymbolsGeneral Safety Considerations Compliance with German Noise Requirements Compliance with German FTZ Emissions RequirementsAcoustic Noise Emission/Geraeuschemission LpA70 dB Lpa70 dDUser’s Guide Overview Network Analyzer Documentation Set Page Declaration of Conformity Contents Page Making Mixer Measurements Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results LO to RF Isolation RF FeedthroughOptimizing Application and Operation Concepts Uncoupling StimuIus Values Between Primary Channels Contents-ll C0ti0ntr-8 TRL Calibration Procedure Requirements for TRL Standards TRL* Error Model Isolation Source match and load matchCalibrated Power Level Loss of Power Meter Calibration DataLocking onto a signal with a frequency modulation component Transforming CW Time Measurements Into the Frequency Domain Specifications and Measurement Uncertainties Menu Maps Key Definitions Error MessagesCompatible Peripherals 11-l 11-2 11-3 11-4 11-5 11-6 11-7 11-8 11-9CITIfUe Data Format and Keyword Reference Preset State and Memory AllocationIndex Determining System Measurement UncertaintiesResults Example of Searching for a Bandwidth Using MarkersDisplay Time Domain Transmission Example Measurement Measurement Setup Diagram Shown on Analyzer DisplayGate Shape MeasurementContents-19 Combined Effects of Amplitude and Phase Modulation Range Resolution of a Siie DiscontinuityReflection Measurement of Two Cables 128 Response 134Modulation Diagram of Gain CompressionRange of a Forward Transform Measurement Amplifier ParametersBles Power-on Conditions versus Preset 12-11 Sufhx Character Definitions 12-5 Preset Conditions 1 12-8Results of Power Loss to Non-Volatile Memory 12-12 12-3HP 87533 Description and Options Where to Look for More InformationPerformance Analyzer DescriptionControl Printin& Plotting, and Saving AccuracyDisk eject button Front Panel FeaturesHP 5753E Dessription and Options l-5 HP-IB Status indicators are also included in this block Analyzer Display Single Channel, Cartesian Format Analyzer DisplayApplication and Operation Concepts From inactive channels See J%I@ in , Key Definitions10 HP 8753E Description and Options %.n. This fan provides forced-air cooling for the analyzer Rear Panel Features and ConnectorsFail ITLlow Pass TTLhighAnalyzer Options Available Option lCP, Rack Mount Flange Kit With Handles Service and Support OptionsLhble l-l. Comparing the J3P 8753AIBKYD Differences among the HP 8753 Network Analyzers‘able 1-2. Comparing the HP 8753D and HP 8753E Making Measurements ‘lhble 2-l. Connector Care Quick Reference Principles of Microwave Connector CareBasic Measurement Sequence and Example Setting the Frequency RangeBasic Measurement Sequence Basic Measurement ExampleLb change the power level to -5 dRm, press Setting the Source PowerSetting the Measurement ‘lb set the span to 30 MHz, press &gziJmMeasure the device under test Example Dua.l Channel With Split Display On Using the Display FunctionsI............s..........i To Save a Data Trace to the Display MemoryLb View the Measurement Data and Memory Trace Analyzer performs a vector subtraction on the complex data To Divide Measurement Data by the Memory Trace‘RI Ratio Measurements in Channel 1 Example of a Display Title To Title the Active Channel DisplayPage Channel Display To Activate and Co&lgure the Auxilkry Channels Characterizing a Duplexer Smith chart by pressing @GZ $#$Z~B&KXDuplexer’s three ports are Transmit TXRequired Equipment Procedure for Characterizing a DuplexerPress= Port an unlit LED indicates no connectionD. F%ess @G-T to activate channel 4, press $%$.‘ Duplexer Measurement To Use Continuous and Discrete Markers Using Analyzer Display MarkersOr ~~~~~7 ‘Ib switch off all of the markers, press ~~~To Activate Display Markers PRnl Tb Move Marker Information off of the GridsPress jj ~~~~~~~~ ‘~~~~, to m&e marker 1 a reference maker RlllllllllllLb Use Delta a Markers ‘Ib change the reference marker to marker 2, press Lb Activate a Fixed MarkerLog Fiag 10 dfl, REF -50 d6 16 415 dB Or enter a value from the front panel keypad To move the reference position, press‘lb Couple and Uncouple Display Markers To access the polar markers, pressTo Use Polar Format Markers For the display channelsSin 0, where M=magnitude To Use Smith Chart Markers~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ‘j3JU17. Example of Impedance Smith Chart Markers ‘lb Set Measurement Parameters Using MarkersSetting the Start Frequency Setting the Center Frequency Fl i t-11I Value. .... ... y 22. Example of Setting the Reference Value Using a Marker23. Example of Setting the Electrical Delay Using a Marker Setting the CW FrequencySearching for the Maximum Amplitude ‘lb Search for a Specific AmplitudeSearching for the Minimum Amplitude ~~~~~ ad Example of Searching for a Beget Amplitude Using a MarkerSearching for a ‘beget Amplitude Bandpass or band reject shape on the measurement trace Press ~~~~~~ MarkerFctn‘~~~~~~~Figure Z-28. Example Statistics of Measurement Data To Calculate the Statistics of the Measurement DataConnect your test device as shown in Figure Measuring Magnitude and Insertion Phase ResponseMeasuring the Magnitude Response 30. Example Magnitude Response Measurement Results Measuring Insertion Phase Response32. Phase Samples Phase Distortion Measuring Electrical Length and Phase DistortionMeasuring Electrical Length Electrical Length34. Linearly changing Phase Deviation From Linear Phase Measuring Phase Distortion36. Deviation From Linear Phase Example Measurement Group Delay37. Group Delay Example Measurement III 11 I 11 11 MHZ Lksting a Device with Limit Lines Setting Up the Measurement ParametersCreating Flat Limit Lines 41. Example Flat Limit Line 42. Example Flat Limit Lines Creating a Sloping Limit Line~~@#g ~9~~~~~~Creating Single Point Limits This example procedure, the following limits are setDeleting Limit Segments Editing Limit SegmentsActivating the Limit Test Bnnning a Limit TkstReviewing the Limit Line Segments Making Measurements Offsetting Limit LinesLb produce a normalized trace, perform the following steps Measuring Gain CompressionLb place the marker eax.ct& on a measurement point, press @ @ to change the scale to 1 dB per division~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ Enter the start and stop power levels for the sweepPress LMenu ~~~~~~~~~~ gaw,, $ ~~~ ~~~ Mif Rress cmJ j-1 ~~~~~~~~~.~~~ ~~~..~~~~,~~~48. Gain Compression Using Power Sweep Press *F p#~~~.p~~~~6~~~~’ Measuring Gain and Reverse Isolation SimultaneouslyTiess c~isplay ~~~~,~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ To channel 1 and channel49. Gain and Reverse Isolation Set the following measurement parameters Measurements Using the Swept List ModeConnect the Device Under Test Choose the Measurement Parameters Observe the Characteristics of the FilterTo set up the swept list measurement, press Gp&g ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ l-loJ Ixl~~~~~~~~~~ m Lxl Press iJk&~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~h Calibrate and MeasureKG&’ 53. Filter Measurement Using Swept List Mode Tuned receiver mode in-depth description Measurements Using the Tuned Receiver ModeTypical test setup External Source Requirements Tkst Sequencing 55. ‘l&t Sequencing Help Instructions Creating a SequenceStopping a Sequence Running a SequenceEditing a Sequence Inserting a Command‘Ib delete the selected command, press =J backspace key Clearing a Sequence from Memory Modifying a CommandChanging the Sequence Title Naming Files Generated by a SequenceYou stop at each character Lb complete the titling, press %@@Storing a Sequence on a Disk Loading a Sequence from Disk Procedure and then follow the printing sequencePurging a Sequence from Disk Printing a SequenceTo run both sequences, press Cascading Multiple Example SequencesStart of Sequence Trans FWD s21 B/R Loop Counter Example SequenceMKR Fctn To run the loop sequence, pressGenerating Files in a Loop Counter Example Sequence Data file names generated by this sequence will be Limit Test Example SequencePlot llle names generated by this sequence will be ‘lb nm the sequence, pressRecall FlEG This will create a displayed list for sequence 1, as shownSet the start frequency to a value greater than 16 MHz Measuring Swept Harmonics Option 002 OnlyFundamental frequencies 57 nd Harmonic Power Level in dBc Transmission Response in Time Domain Measuring a Device in the Time Domain Option 010 OnlyGating Connect the device as shown in Figure59. Time Domain Transmission Example Measurement Gating in a Time Domain Transmission Example Measurement Fiiure 2-61. Gate Shape ‘able 2-2. Gate CharacteristicsGating Effects in a Frequency Domain Example Measurement Reflection Response in Time Domain 64. Device Response in the Frequency Domain 65. Device Response in the Time Domain Front panel keypad after each key pressNon-coaxial Measurements Making Mixer Measurements Where to Look for More InformationMeasurement Considerations Eliminating Unwanted Mixing and Leakage SignalsMinimizing Source and Load Mismatches Reducing the Effect of Spurious ResponsesDown Converter Port Connections Jfqyw Frequency Offset Mode OperationDifferences Between Internal and External R Channel Inputs B Channel External Connection Power Meter Calibration Conversion Loss Using the Frequency Offset Mode Page Network Analyzer Power Meter POW-N&OR To view the measurement trace, press ~~/...~ . . . . T.,, .. L? Jal~.iConversion Loss Example Measurement High Dynamic Range Swept RF/IF Conversion Loss 10. Connections for Broad Band Power Meter Calibration 11. Connections for Eeceiver Calibration Filter External LO Source 13. Example of Swept if Conversion Loss Measurement Fixed if Mixer Measurements Tuned Receiver ModeSequence 1 Setup ~~~~~,~~ Press the following keys on the analyzer to create sequenceIm ~~~~ ~ .~~~~~~~~~~~Done List Freq B CaUing the Next Measurement SequenceSequence 2 Setup Measurement Completed Following sequence commands16. Example Fixed if Mixer Measurement Phase or Group Delay Measurements 17. Counections for a Group Delay Measurement Scale the data for best vertical resolution To make a response error-correction, pressAmplitude and Phase Tracking Conversion Compression Using the Frequency Offset Mode Make the connections as shown in Figure Pg634eMixer Under Test External LO Source ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~,~~ Measurements setup diagram is shown in FigureExample Swept Power Conversion Compression Measurement LO to RF Isolation Isolation Example Measurements26. Connections for a Mixer Isolation Measurement Refer to , Optinking Measurement Results27. Example Mixer ID to RF Isolation Measurement RF Feedthrough28. Connections for a Response Calibration 30. Example Mixer RF Feedthrough Measurement Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Printinfl, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Conf@uring a Print Function Printing or Plotting Your Measurement Results~.~.~.~.~.~..~.~ ....ii.........i..~~~ Black and white from a color printer Defining a Print FunctionPrinting One Measurement Per If Yim Are Using a Color PrinterTo Reset the Printing Parameters to Default Values Printing Multiple Measurements Per I i iPage ~............../i Plot function as follows ~,~,~ If Yim Are Plotting to a Pen Plotter Then @ii. &g. MtiS K E J E C T T T O N L If You Are Plotting to a Disk DriveSelecting Auto-Feed Defining a Plot FunctionChoosing Display Elements Corresponding Key Selecting Pen Numbers and ColorsChannel Selecting Line TypesPress ~&&&&& mtd the selection appears that you want Choosing ScaleTo Reset the Plotting Parameters to Default Values Plotting One Measurement Per Page Using a Pen PlotterPlot Quadrants Plotting Multiple Measurements Per Page Using a Pen Plotter8 Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results Automatic File Naming Convention for LIF Format Plotting a Measurement to DiskTo Output the Plot Files To View Plot Files on a PCUsing AmiPro Outputting Plot Files from a PC to a Plotter Using FreelanceStore the Hpgl initialization sequence Store the exit Hpgl mode and form feed sequence Outputting Single Page Plots Using a PrinterPLOTOO.RL PLUTOO.RU Outputting Multiple Plots to a Single Page Using a Printer‘lb Plot Multiple Measurements on a Full Plotting Multiple Measurements Per Page From DiskPL0TOOFPD 11. Plot Quadrants To Plot Measurements in Page QuadrantsTitling the Displayed Measurement If Ibu Want a Single Page of Values Confqjuring the Analyzer to Produce a Time StampAborting a Print or Plot Process If You Want the Entire List of Values Solving Problems with Printing or Plotting Saving and Recalling Instrument States Places Where Ybu Can SaveWhat You Can Save to the Analyzer’s Internal Memory What You Can Save to a Floppy DiskWhat You Can Save to a Computer Saving an Instrument State Peripheral AccessDeline Save ModificationFlexibility II Dnring Saving Measurement ResultsAd enter the &-ive where your &Sk is located See Ascii Data Formats. ’ S2P Data Format Ascii Data FormatsTemplate for component data fiIes is as follows Comment line ‘lb Delete an Instrument State File Re-Saving an Instrument State~~~~.~~~~~ Renaming a FileFormatting a Disk Solving Problems with Saving or Recalling FilesIf Yim Are Using an External Disk Drive Optimizing Measurement Results Interconnecting Cables Connector RepeatabilityTemperature Drift Increasing Measurement AccuracyReference Plane and Port Extensions Frequency DriftPerformance Verification Types of Error-Correction Measurement Error-CorrectionConditions Where Error-Correction is Suggested Error-Correction Stimulus State Calibration Standards When to Use Interpolated Error-Correction~~~~~~~~~~ Procedures for Error-Correcting Your Measurements Response Error-Correction for Reflection Measurements Frequency Response Error-CorrectionsNetwork Analyzer 2J. $!B Response Error-Correction for Transmission MeasurementsStandard Connections for Receiver Calibration Receiver CalibrationResults chapter for procedures Frequency Response and Isolation Error-Corrections Pg612e Optimizing Measurement Results Ad enter at leaf, four times more Connect your device under test One-Port Reflection Error-CorrectionOpen Short Loag Open Short Load For S Optimizing Measurement Results For Reflection For Transmission For Isolation Full Two-Port Error-CorrectionTo pORT 2, ad use the ~~~~~~~~~., ~~~~~~~~~~ Page TRL Error-Correction T&M* Error-CorrectionTRMError-Correction Come& the lOad to Port 2 a& press ~~~~~.,~~~~~ Page ~~~~~ Or ~~~~ Modifying !L’RL Standards @ Lxl ~~~~~~~~~~~ Modifying TRM Standards Assign the Stadards to the Various TRM Classes Iabel the Classes Page Press ~,~~ and enter the segment number followed by xl Entering the Power Sensor Calibration DataEditing Frequency Segments Deleting Frequency Segments Compensating for Directional Coupler ResponseSample-and-Sweep Mode for Power Meter Calibration Using Sample-and-Sweep Correction ModeKGE Using Continuous Correction ModeTo Calibrate the Analyzer Receiver to Measure Absolute Power 10. Noninsertable Device Calibrating for Noninsertable Devices11. Adapters Needed Adapter Removal12. ‘lko-Port Cal Set Remove the Adapter 14. Cklibrated Measurement Verify the Results Example Program NON-INSERTABLE Dewce MAtched AdaptersModify the Cal Kit Thru Deilnition Making Accurate Measurements of Electrically Long Devices Cause of Measurement ProblemsTo Improve Measurement Results Decreasing the Sweep RateDecreasing the Time Delay Increasing Sweep Speed To Use Swept List ModeDetecting if Delay Ib Decrease the Frequency Span Lb Set the Auto Sweep Time ModeOption Option 006‘Ib Reduce the Number of Measurement Points Lb Widen the System Bandwidth‘lb Reduce the Averaging Fktor Lb View a Single Measurement Channel Lb Set the Sweep TypeSelect the sweep type Points are of interestTo Use External Calibration To Activate Chop Sweep Mode‘lb Use Fast a-Port Calibration Lb activate the continuous mode, press‘lb enter the number of sweeps, press Increasing Dynamic Range To Increase the Test Port Input PowerTo Reduce the Receiver Noise Floor Changing System BandwidthReducing Receiver Crosstalk Reducing Trace NoiseTo Activate Averaging To Change System Bandwidth~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~.. f#jy %&ig ~~$fj& , /.. P Reducing Recall TimeUnderstanding Spur Avoidance Application and Operation Concepts Where to Look for More InformationBuilt-In Synthesized Source Signal-separation devices Receiver DisplayHP 8753E System Operation Receiver Block Built-In ‘I&t SetMicroprocessor Required Peripheral EquipmentData Processing Data Processing Flow DiagramProcessing Details ~...... .A....u.........s....i Pre-Raw Data ArraysTransform Option 010 Only Channel 3 without pressing chanj twice Active Channel KeysAuxiliary Channels and Two-Port Calibration Enabling Auxiliary Channels Entry Block KeysMultiple Channel Displays Uncoupling Stimulus Values Between Primary ChannelsStep Keys Units TerminatorKnob Modifyiug or Deleting Entries Defining Ranges with Stimulus Keys Stimulus FunctionsStimulus Menu Understanding the Power Ranges Power MenuPower Range Transitions in the Automatic Mode Test port collpling Power Coupling OptionsChannel coupling Auto Sweep Time Mode Manual Sweep Time ModeSweep Time Minimum Sweep Time‘12l.ble 6-1. Minimum Cycle Time in seconds Trigger Menu Continuously and the trace is updated with each sweepAllowing Repetitive Switching of the Attenuator Source Attenuator Switch ProtectionFeature Specified number of sweeps is completed.Channel Stimulus Coupling ‘. . . . . . . .,‘....’ Sweep Type Menu Stepped List Frequency Sweep Hz Logarithmic Frequency Sweep HzSegment Menu Loss of calibrationParameters can also be saved with an instrument state Stepped Edit Subsweep MenuPower Ii ,.,,,, ....i,..... ...c .i i CW Time Sweep Seconds Power Sweep dBmSelecting Sweep Modes Calibration sectionResponse Functions Auxihary channel is enabledUnderstanding S-Parameters ParametersDeilnition S-parameter menu contains the following softkeysConversions, as these formats are not easily interpreted Are available by means of which softkeys / .‘~ ~~~.,..~~~ Format MenuLog Magnitude Format ~......, .~ Group Delay Format Phase Format13. Group Delay Format Smith Chart FormatPolar Format 14. Standard and Inverse Smith Chart FormatsSWR Format Linear Magnitude FormatIma@naryFormat Real Format19. Constant Group Delay Group Delay Principles21. Rate of Phase Change Versus Frequency Application and Operation Concepts Scale Reference Menu Electrical DelayOr ~~~~~~~~~~ Assuming a relative permeabilityDisplay Menu Single graticule see -23a Dual Channel Mode4 Application and Operation Concepts Customizing the Display Four-Parameter Display FunctionsChapter for more information on this condition BleIs sele&ed ~~~~6~~~~~ @ves you two choices for a Provides a quick way to set up a four-parameter displayPRRI=IMETER Shortcut Keys Yellow, indicating that the keys in yellow apply to channelTwo trace math operations are implemented Setting Display IntensityMemory Math F’unctions \/ii Setting Default ColorsRed 100 Numeric keypad, until the desired color appearsYellow 100 Green 100Following softkeys are located within the averaging menu Averaging MenuAveraging If Bandwidth Reduction Smoothing27. if Bandwidth Reduction 28. Bbkers on Trace MarkersMarker type IMarker MenuIs displayed Marker Function MenuMeasurement Calibration What Is Accuracy Enhancement?Directivity What Causes Measurement Errors?Source Match Frequency Response Tracking Isolation crosstalkOne-Port Error Model Characterizing Microwave Systematic Errors34. Effective Directivity EDF 36. Reflection Tracking Em 38. Measured Effective Directivity 40. Open Circuit ?Lkrmina.tion Device Measurement + !T + I Reverse S,2M 42. Bhjor Sources of Error44. Load Match Em 45. Isolation Em 46. Full Two-Port Error Model 47. Full Two-Port Emor Model Equations Measurement Parameters Calibration ConsiderationsDevice Measurements Omitting Isolation CalibrationFrequency Response of Calibration Standards Calibration StandardsElectrical Offset Open W Ql.7~J How Effective Is Accuracy Enhancement? 50. Response versus S 11 l-Port CMibration on Smith Chart Following softkeys are located within the correction menu Correcting for Measurement ErrorsEnsuring a Valid Calibration ~or-co~e&on is on or off Press I- j~~~~~~~~~~ Interpolated Error-correctionResponse Calibration Calibrate MenuResponse and Isolation Calibration S11 and S22 One-Port CalibrationTRL*/LRM* Two-Port Calibration Select Cal Kit Menu Restarting a CalibrationCal Kit Menu Modifying Calibration Kits ProcedureDefinitions Following are definitions of termsModify Calibration Kit Menu TIhble 6-5. Standard DelInitions Detie Standard MenusApplication and Operation Concepts Characters Impedance different from system ZODescribed next Label Standard Menu ~~,~~~~~~~‘Ihble 6-6. Slamlard Class Assignments Calibration Calibration. For default calibration kits, this is the thruCal kit menu. It will be saved with calibration sets Verification procedure may be usedVerify performance TRL lkrminology Why Use TRL Calibration?TRL%RM* Calibration How !CRL*/LRM* Calibration Works TRL* Error ModelSame during the isolation calibration and the measurement IsoIationFrequencies is often times physically impossible Source match and load match54. Typical Measurement Set up Requirements No loss. Characteristic impedance ZO need not be knownLength Let Fl = 1000 MHz Where = frequency l=lengthoflineApplication and Operation Concepts Selections under this menu WhereOr match &n&d ~~~~~~~~ .gQ or to the system Menu and ~~~~~~~~. with the defie timdad menu me ignoredIs used to set the reference plane ~~~~~~~..~~~ Calibrated Power Level Power Meter CalibrationAssociated with power meter calibration Primary ApplicationsPower Meter Calibration Modes of Operation Loss of Power Meter Calibration DataInterpolation in Power Meter Calibration 55. ‘I&t Setup for Continuous Sample Mode Network Analyzer Power Meter Power Sensor Power Sensor Calibration Factor ListSpeedandAccuracy Number of Beadings Sweep Time CharacteristicCorrected 57. Alternate and Chop Sweeps Overlaid Alternate and Chop Sweep ModesModify the Cal Kit Thru Definition Matched Adapters58. Instrument State Function Block Using the Instrument State FunctionsHP-IB Menu System Controller Mode HP-IB Status Indicators= talk mode = service request SRQ asserted by the analyzer ~.&.. .?....bLi.... ...lCopy Mode Using the Parallel PortGpio Mode InstrumentSystem Menu ~~~~~..~~~~~ provides access to the instrument mode menuLimits Menu Ikmi% tiihEdit Limits Menu Offset Limits Menu Knowing the Instrument Modes External Source ModePage If you press @KJ ~~~~~~~~~~ ‘lhble 6-8. External Source Capture RangesCW=e Bange Pical Test Setup 60. Typical ‘l&t Setup for a Frequency Offset Measurement Application and Operation Concepts 61. Typical Harmonic Mode ‘I&t Setup Bhximum Fundamental Frequency To OFF to allow alternating sweepsTransform Menu Time Domain Operation OptionGeneral Theory Time Domain Bandpass 63. a Reflection Measurement of Two Cables ‘I&ble 6-10. Time Domain Reflection Formats Transmission Measurements Using Bandpass ModeSetting frequency range for time domain low pass Reflection Measurements In Time Domain Low Pass Fault Location Measurements Using Low PassE M E N T E P R E S P O N S E P U L S E R E S P O N S E Transmission Measurements In Time Domain Low Pass PgBlQ6-c Time Domain Concepts Masking 69. Transmission Measurements Using Low Pass Impulse Mode70. Masking Example 10 90% SidelobesExample Where AF’ is the spacing between frequency data points= 100 x lo-’ seconds = 100 x lo-’ 6 x 3 x l$ m/sResolution \I I 75. Sequence of Steps in Gating Operation Transforming CW Time Measurements Into the Frequency Domain ‘able 6-13. Gate CharacteristicsForward Transform Measurements I i iiiii t~~~~~~ 78. Combined Effects of Amplitude and Phase Modulation80. Range of a Forward Transform Measurement Wst Sequencing ZoF the ~~~~~~~~ Type of Command Size in BytesActive entry command 1 per digit Sequencing Menu Results for each input power level applied to the amplifierParallel in ETS OUT Bits Sequencing Special Functions Menu Commands require you to enter the destination sequenceSequence Decision Making Menu Decision Making FunctionsNaming Files Generated by a Sequence HP-GLConsiderations Entering HP-GL CommandsLabel HP-GL comman& Ia Plot absolute HP-GL command PAAmplifier parameters Amplifier TkstingGain Compression 85. Diagram of Gain Compression Metering the power level Difficulty selecting the correct signal to measure Mixer TestingFrequency Offset Tuned ReceiverAccuracy Considerations Mixer Parameters That You Can MeasureAttenuation at Mixer Ports J j j i Filtering92.Examples of Up Converters and Down Converters 93. Down Converter Port Connections You a s&& either ~~~~~,~~~~~ or ~~~~,~~~~,~94. Up Converter Port Connections LOFeedthru/LOtoRFLedage Conversion LossIsolation SWR / Return Loss Conversion Compression Phase MeasurementsPhase Linearity and Group Delay Amplitude and Phase TrackingApplicationmd OperationConcepts Connection Considerations Reflected SignalAdapters Worst Case System DiBtiVity 28d.B 17dEI 14 dE3If You Want to Design Your Own Fixture FixturesFixtures and Non-Coaxial Measurements Reference DocumentsGeneral Measurement and Calibration Techniques On-Wafer Measurements Dynamic Range Specifkations and Measurement UncertaintiesHP 8763E 6OQ with 7-mm Test Ports HP 8753E Measurement Port SpecificationsFrequency Range HP8753E Wiih HP85032B Calibration Kit HP 8763E SO@ with Type-N Test PortsHP8753E Wiih HP85033D Calibration Kit HP 8763E SO@W with 3.6~mm Test PortsGHz to 3 GHz HP 8763E 76Q with Type-N Test PortsApplies at 26 f6 C t Typical Performance 15dB,30kHzto6OkHz HP 8763E 7612 with Type-F Test Ports Instrument Spectications ‘lhble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifications 1 ‘Ihble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifkations 2 ‘lhble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifications 3 ‘Ihble 7-12. HP 8753E Instrument Specifhtions 4 ‘Ihble 7-12. EP 8753E Instrument Speciikations 5 ‘Ihble 7-12. EIP 8753E Instrument Specifications 6 Measurement Throughput Summary HP 8763E Network Analyzer General CharacteristicsProbe Power Front Panel ConnectorsRear Panel Connectors Remote ProgrammingVideo Output VGA OUT External Auxilhry Input AUX InputDisplay Pixel Integrity Line PowerParallel Port 232General Conditions Environmental CharacteristicsInternal Memory WeightCabinet Dimensions Page Menu Maps Page Menu Maps IrCOPY Page Format Menu LOG MAG DELA,’ Smith Chart Polar LIN MAG SWR MAX + RefIFWD MenuMaps SAVE/RECALL MEN + Save State Recall MenuYaps Page MenuMaps Pg657e Key Definitions Analyzer Functions Guide Tkrms and ConventionsSet to the current adive -ker position, using the ~~~ Key Definitions At the St& of the averaging or following ~~~~~~~~~~ Ad for specifying the calibration s-d=& used. me ~~~ Key Dsfinitions Key Definitions Mo&fication.\ ~~~~~~~~lt~\brings up the printer color ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ the preset condition, both channels have Key Definitions 8-l 2 Key Definitions Sequence position Sequence 1 through 6. ~~~~~~~~ Key Definitions S21 ~~~~~~~ Key Definitions 8 Key Definitions Key Definitions 9-l Turns limit. .I lines on or off. lb define limits, use With the &@&ElV &3 softkey, if it is to be used laterKey Definitions B-21 Lxm Switched on. Thirty lines of data are listed on eachStimulus menu Edit subsweep menu. Up to 30 frequency subsweepsLet G .m4 Ldab AlO Wfset ILocalLWX $%QXlXl% Sequence Filenaming #F$ F4MEt + ,START Hold mode for one measurement Stimulus settingsCouples the marker stimulus values for the two display Allows the marker stimulus values to be controlledMoves the active marker to the minimum point on the trace Is used to omit the isolation portion of the calibration Selects the calibration standard load as being offsetCompletes the selection in the Offset Load Menu Drn SB When editing a sequence, False Tg .&ZLlZGT appears when you Is used to set the same power levels at each port Configures the analyzer for a plotter that has a parallelWith the plotter Directs plots to the selected disk internal or externalFrequency and power loss value Allows you to set different power levels at each portFRXif Hii tXWR Key Definitions Key Definitions RsE#kswa, Value Measures the reverse isolation of the calibration standard KRSPti#SEGggs&fi ’F7 Key is disabled if ‘~~~~~~~ is set to ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ menu Key Definitions Kay Definitions To temate the smdwd definition Key Definitions Key Definitions Is used to specify the arbitrary impedance of the standard, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Men ~~~~~~~~ or ~~~~~~~~ is pressed, a Key Definitions B-61 ~~~~~~~~~~ above Key Definitions Cross Reference of Key Function to Programming Command Anab Menucal M4HEH ?lZAXJ.LT CXtLUH DEFAULT,. i?RXllT f%KtVPMARKF-AUV OFFlPon #iv Harmoff Lintdata Markmidd Ofls Titp Pric ‘fhble Cross Reference of Key Function to Programm ingbmmand Resd Labesbba Stop Limtsl Seatarg Trackoff Yellow Softkey Locations ‘Ittble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations Key Definitions Key Definitions ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ Able 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key Key Definitions Lhble 9-2. Softkey Lacations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key $84 Iey Definitions ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFFont-Panel Access Key Ble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Fanel Access Key ’hble 9-2. Softkey Locations ‘lhble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Rmel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘able 9-2. Softkey Locations Able 9-2. Softkey Locations SoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key 7hble 9-2. Softkey Locations ISoftkeyFront-Panel Access Key ‘Ihble 9-2. Softkey Locations Error Messages Error Messages in Alphabetical Order Analog BUS Disabled IN6KHZ if BW Ascii Missing ‘VAR’ Statement Blockinputlengthehhor CANTSTORE/LOADSEQUENCE, Insufficientmemory Correction and Domain Reset Deadlock Diskis Writeprotected Duplicating to this Sequence not Allowed File not Found ~ ..~~~.. .. .., .,~~,~ IFBWKEYDISABLED, Editlistmodetbl Error Number You pressed an undefined softkey 9in progress. Start a new calibration Order to use the ~~~~,~~~ softkey function Error Number See error number Error Number See error number 57 Plot Aborted Error Number The parallel port printer is not accepting data PRINT/PLOTINPROGRESS, Abortwithlocal Probepowershut Down Selectedsequenceisenpty Slides Aborted Memoryreallocation Sweep, pres LMenu ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~, or ~~~~~~~~~ TOO Manynested SEQUENCES. SEQ Aborted WAITINGFORHP-IB Control Error Messages in Numerical Order Error Messages 1O-28 ErrorDevice not on, not connect, wrong addrs IN-zErlNo Memory Available for Sequencing List Mode OFF Invalid with LO Freq Analog BUS Disabled in 6 KHZ if BW Error NumberCalibration Kits Compatible PeripheralsAdapter Kits Verification KitTest Port Return Cables Transistor Test Fixtures Power LimitersSystem Testmobile System CabinetInterface Cables Mass StorageHP-IB Cables ‘Ihble 1 l-l. Keyboard ‘lkmplate Definition KeyboardsAnalyzer Function Keyboaxd Analyzer Function Kety NameSample Software ControllerExternal Monitors Commended Color MonitorsPeripheral Connections to the Analyzer Connecting the Peripheral DeviceIf the Peripheral is a Printer Cotiguring the Analyzer for the Peripheral=.~~~~~.........~.......~ Appears Print function as followsUntil the correct function appears ‘.’ .~ Z...... iizz......ii.w.....A........w..i.iEnter the volume number Enter the HP-IB address of the power meter, followed by @HP 436A HP 437B or 438A Press Local and select one of the followingPress $m$&& ad enter the au-rent year, fdlowed by Ixl Configuring the Analyzer to Produce a Time StampHP-IB Programming Overview Device Types HP-IB OperationUnaddress and revert to an idle state HP-IB Bus StructureREN Remote Enable SRQ Service RequestData lines carry device-dependent instructions or data EOI End or IdentifyDoes not respond to parallel poll Full-acceptor handshakeComplete device clear No extended listener capabilities= ‘IU mode = Service request SRQ asserted by the analyzer HP-II3 Status IndicatorsNext lower address System-Controller ModeCode Naming Convention Analyzer Command SyntaxValid Characters User Graphics HP-II3 Debug ModeKHz Kilohertz US Microseconds MHz Megahertz GHz GigahertzTypes of Memory and Data Storage Preset State and Memory AllocationNon-Volatile Memory Preset State and Memory Allocation Storing Data to Disk ‘&ble 12-2. SuiIix Character Definitions Conserving Memory Using Saved Calibration SetsRegister in which it is stored Preset State‘Ihble 12-3. Preset Conditions 1 ‘lhble 12-3. Preset Conditions 2 Able 12-3. Preset Conditions 3 Taker/listener Default color valuesAn instrument state are cleared Sequence 1 through 5 are erasedPower Meter Type is set to HP 438A/437 HP-IB Addresses are set to the following defaults HP 8753E9600 Xon-XoffCITIllle Keyword Reference CITIfile Data FormatHeader part CITIFILEA.0190 This section will dehne the following terms Package HeaderData part 23491E-3,-1.39883E-3 00382E-3,-1.40022E-3CITIfile Keyword Data Sl,l RI #NA VERSIONHP8510B.05.00Example 4,861O S-Term Frequency List Cal Set F’ile Conclusion CITINe Keyword Reference Is supported in revision A.O1.OO Don’t change when the independent variable changesVariable Commonly used array names include the followingDetermining System Measurement Uncertainties Sources of Measurement ErrorsAbl, Ab2 = dynamic accuracy = frequency Sources of Random ErrorsMeasurement Uncertainty Equations Sources of Additional Measurement ErrorsReflection Phase Uncertainty Erp Efnf = effective noise floor Transmission Uncertainty EquationsDynamic Accuracy Transmission Phase Uncertainty EtpDetermining Expected System Performance ProceduresCharacteristic Vdues ‘lhble Measurement Uncertainty Worksheet 1 Page Page Page GHz operation option Specifications75Q Impedance option Mm test ports ActiveFormat, 419 auto sweep time mode Allowing repetitive switching Switch protection ~~~~~~ 4Enabling KeyTo key cross reference, 9-54 compatible Mode Down converter port Connecting peripherals, 1 l-8 connections, 6 AdaptersGroup delay measurement ConhguringElectrical Delete display option, 1-13 deleting Definition Calibration standards, 5-27 delayDeviation from linear phase measurement Display functions, 6-42 color Linear magnitude, 6-36 log magnitude, 6-32 phaseDTl responds to a group execute trigger Increasing Limitations, 7-l E2 W-state drivers, 11-19 editSignal flow in a mixer ESD precautions Exammmg calibration constants, 5-27 exampleSwept if conversion loss measurement Fan location, l-11Receiver and source requirements, 6-122 receiver frequency Area of display, l-10 arrays Menu, 6-32 giizj zkzzFrequency domain concepts, 6-125-145 transform from CW time Isolation, 5-14 error-correct for full two-port Calibrate the analyzer receiver to measure absolute powerMeasure electrical length and phase distortion Define the printSet frequency span with markers, 2-29 set source power Set auto sweep time modeDomain Print a sequence Print multiple measurements perLIF Input ports menu HpglList values 6-51 It, 6-11 @J, 6-78 0, 6-11 @jiiJ, 6-42 entry, 6-9-lInstAent state, 6-110-116 &iJ Magnitude and insertion phase response measurement Low pass modeSoftkey labels, l-10 softkeys LOG MKR, 2-25 Loop counter sequenceUsing swept list mode Measurement frequencies, diagram, 3-10 measurement pointsParameters set with markers, 2-26 sequence 75Q type-F test ports 75Q type-N test portsTuned receiver mode Up conversion Accuracy Amplitude and phase tracking, 6-167 attenuationIavp @g$, 8-6 @iii,8 68-7CaI kit thru definition, 5-47 modifying Sequence New features to the analyzer, l-2 ~~~~Multiple sequence cascading Printing or plotting, 4-30 operationParameters set with markers, 2-26 center frequency Points Datahow to reducePeripheral ~~~~.~~~ 4Configuration, 4-4, 49, 11-9 mode Multiple measurements per Solving problems ‘amji$J& usePolar or Smith format markers, 2-22 port 1 and port2, l-6 Printing or plotting list values or operating parametersModifying Trmm calibration standards Offsetting limit lines Error-correction for one-port reflection measurementsValues Resetting the printing parameters to default values Response error-correction for reflection measurementsUsing delta a markers Setting center frequency with markersUsing ~~~~~ to .&jvate a tied Viewing the measurement data and memory trace ProceduresRetention, 4-33 Re/Im MKR, 2-25, 2-26 relative Relative velocity for time domain, 2-90 remote controlRunning Searching for values with markers, 2-32 bandwidth@iG Service request asserted by the analyzer SStop frequency Setting with markers Stopping Spectral purity characteristics, 7-10 spurious signalsSpecify Standarddehnitions EnteringTest set Testing with Iimit lines, 2-46 testmobileActive channel display, 2-9 titling Test set switch, controlling the, 5-54 test using limitsForward transform mode, 6-126 gating Weight Widen system bandwidth, 5-52 windowing Time domain How to setType-N calibration standard sex, 5-6 type-N test ports Understanding S-parameters, 6-29 units