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Intel 80C186XL, 80C188XL user manual Timer/Counter Unit, Example 9-1.Configuring a Real-TimeClock

Models: 80C186XL 80C188XL

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Example 9-1. Configuring a Real-Time Clock

TIMER/COUNTER UNIT

$mod186

name example_80186_family_timer_code

;FUNCTION: This function sets up the timer and interrupt controller

;to cause the timer to generate an interrupt every

;10 milliseconds and to service interrupts to

;implement a real time clock.

;

;Timer 2 is used in this example because no input or

;output signals are required.

;

;SYNTAX: extern void far set_time(hour, minute, second, T2Compare)

;

;INPUTS: hour - hour to set time to.

;minute - minute to set time to.

;second - second to set time to.

;T2Compare - T2CMPA value (see note below)

;OUTPUTS: None

;NOTE:

Parameters are passed on the stack as required by

;high-level languages

;For a CLKOUT of 16Mhz,

;		f(timer2)	= 16Mhz/4
;			= 4Mhz
;			= 0.25us for T2CMPA = 1
;
;		T2CMPA(10ms)	= 10ms/0.25us
;			= 10e-3/0.25e-6
;			= 40000
;substitute register offsets
	T2CON	equ xxxxh	;Timer 2 Control register
	T2CMPA	equ xxxxh	;Timer 2 Compare register
	T2CNT	equ xxxxh	;Timer 2 Counter register
	TCUCON	equ xxxxh	;Int. Control register
	EOI	equ xxxxh	;End Of Interrupt register
	INTSTS	equ xxxxh	;Interrupt Status register
timer_2_int		equ 19	;timer 2:vector type 19
data	segment public ’data’
	public _hour, _minute, _second, _msec
	_hour	db ?
	_minute	db ?
	_second	db ?
	_msec	db ?
data	ends

Example 9-1. Configuring a Real-Time Clock

9-18

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Intel 80C186XL, 80C188XL user manual Timer/Counter Unit, Example 9-1.Configuring a Real-TimeClock

Contents

80C186XL/80C188XL Microprocessor User’s Manual 1995 80C186XL/80C188XL Microprocessor User’s ManualIntel Corporation Literature Sales P.O. Box CHAPTER CONTENTSCHAPTER INTRODUCTIONCHAPTER CONTENTSBUS INTERFACE UNIT PERIPHERAL CONTROL BLOCK CONTENTSCLOCK GENERATION AND POWER MANAGEMENT CHAPTERCHAPTER CONTENTSCHAPTER REFRESH CONTROL UNITCHAPTER CONTENTSTIMER/COUNTER UNIT DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS UNITCHAPTER CONTENTSMATH COPROCESSING APPENDIX A CONTENTSONCE MODE CHAPTERPage FIGURESCONTENTS FigurePage CONTENTSFIGURES FigurePage CONTENTSFIGURES FigurePage CONTENTSFIGURES FigurePage TABLESCONTENTS TablePage CONTENTSTABLES TablePage EXAMPLESCONTENTS ExampleIntroduction Page CHAPTER INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1.1HOW TO USE THIS MANUALINTRODUCTION 1.2RELATED DOCUMENTSTable 1-2.Related Documents and Software 1.3ELECTRONIC SUPPORT SYSTEMS 1.3.1FaxBack Service1.3.2Bulletin Board System BBS 1.3.4World Wide Web 1.3.3CompuServe Forums1.4TECHNICAL SUPPORT 1.6TRAINING CLASSES 1.5PRODUCT LITERATUREPage Overview of the 80C186 Family Architecture Page ARCHITECTURE CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY2.1ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE 2.1.1Execution Unit2.1.2Bus Interface Unit OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE 2.1.3General RegistersFigure 2-3.General Registers OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE 2.1.4Segment RegistersTable 2-1.Implicit Use of General Registers OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE 2.1.5Instruction PointerFigure 2-4.Segment Registers 2.1.6Flags 2.1.7Memory Segmentation Reset Register NameRegister Mnemonic Register Function2.1.8Logical Addresses C F H I Data: DS Code: CS Stack: SS Extra: ESB E H J FFFFFH A B D E G J K 0H2C4H 2C3H 2C2H 2C1H 2C0H 2BFH 2BEH 2BDH 2BCH 2BBH Physical Address Offset 3H Segment Base LogicalAddresses Segment Base Offset 13HOVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE 2.1.9Dynamically Relocatable CodeTable 2-2.Logical Address Sources Before 2.1.11 Reserved Memory and I/O Space 2.1.10 Stack ImplementationFigure 2-10.Stack Operation OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE2.2.1Instruction Set 2.2SOFTWARE OVERVIEWGeneral-Purpose OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE2.2.1.1Data Transfer Instructions Table 2-3.Data Transfer Instructions2.2.1.2Arithmetic Instructions I = Interrupt Enable Flag T = Trap FlagOVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE Figure 2-11.Flag Storage FormatSubtraction OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURETable 2-4.Arithmetic Instructions AdditionBit Pattern OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE2.2.1.3Bit Manipulation Instructions Table 2-6.Bit Manipulation Instructions2.2.1.4String Instructions OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURETable 2-7.String Instructions Scan value Destination for LODS Source for STOS OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE2.2.1.5Program Transfer Instructions SI DI CX AL/AX DF ZFUnconditional transfer instructions can transfer control either to a target instruction within the current code segment intrasegment transfer or to a different code segment intersegment trans- fer. The assembler terms an intrasegment transfer SHORT or NEAR and an intersegment trans- fer FAR. The transfer is made unconditionally when the instruction is executed. CALL, RET and JMP are all unconditional transfers Unconditional Transfers OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURETable 2-9.Program Transfer Instructions Conditional Transfers“Jump if…” OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTUREMnemonic Condition TestedTable 2-11.Processor Control Instructions 2.2.2Addressing ModesOVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE 2.2.1.6Processor Control Instructions2.2.2.2Memory Addressing Modes OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTUREEncoded in the Instruction Explicit in the OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE DisplacementOpcode Mod R/MBX or BP DisplacementOpcode Mod R/MDisplacement Opcode BX or BP DisplacementOpcode Mod R/MHigh Address Port Address Direct Port Addressing Opcode SI DISource EA Destination EA Opcode DataDescription OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURETable 2-12.Supported Data Types TypeOVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE External Interrupt Sources NMI CPUMaskable Interrupt Request Interrupt Acknowledge Interrupt Control UnitFigure 2-25.Interrupt Vector Table OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE3.The current CS and IP are pushed onto the stack Stack PSW 2.3.1.2Maskable Interrupts Divide Error — TypeSingle Step — Type OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTUREArray Bounds Check — Type Numerics Coprocessor Fault — TypeBreakpoint Interrupt — Type Interrupt on Overflow — Type2.3.3Interrupt Latency 2.3.2Software Interrupts2.3.5Interrupt and Exception Priority 2.3.4Interrupt Response TimeClocks TotalService Routine IRET Divide ErrorPush PSW, CS, IP Fetch Divide Error Vector Service Routine IRET Execute DivideTrap Flag = Push PSW, CS, IP Fetch Divide Error VectorService Routine IRET Trap Flag = ??? NMI InstructionInterrupt Enable Bit IE = Trap Flag TF = Page Bus Interface Unit Page 3.2.116-BitData Bus CHAPTER BUS INTERFACE UNIT3.1MULTIPLEXED ADDRESS AND DATA BUS 3.2ADDRESS AND DATA BUS CONCEPTS512 KBytes 1 MByte512 KBytes Odd Byte Transfer Even Byte TransferBUS INTERFACE UNIT A19:1D15:8 BHE D7:0 A0 LowSecond Bus Cycle First Bus Cycle3.2.28-BitData Bus First Bus Cycle A19:0D7:0 3.3MEMORY AND I/O INTERFACES3.3.28-BitBus Memory and I/O Requirements 3.3.116-BitBus Memory and I/O Requirements3.4BUS CYCLE OPERATION Rising PhaseCLKOUT FallingBus Ready 3.4.1Address/Status Phase or TI Signals From CPU 3.4.3Wait States 3.4.2Data Phaseor TW T1 T2 T3 TW TW T4 CLKOUT READY CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4 ALE CLKOUTWait State Module Input Input Clear ClockCLKOUT Wait State Module CS1 Enable CS2Load READYCLKOUT 3.4.4Idle StatesARDY SRDY •The instruction prefetch queue is full Table 3-2. Read Bus Cycle Types 3.5BUS CYCLES3.5.1Read Bus Cycles BUS INTERFACE UNITCLKOUT 3.5.2Write Bus Cycles 27C25627C256 CLKOUT BUS INTERFACE UNIT LA15:1 RD LA0 WR BHEA0:14 OE I/O1:8 WE CS1 A0:14 OE I/O1:8 WE AD7:0 AD15:8BUS INTERFACE UNIT 3.5.3Interrupt Acknowledge Bus CycleTable 3-5.Write Cycle Critical Timing Parameters T3 T4 CLKOUT ALE S2:0 INTA0 INTA1 AD15:0 AD7:0 LOCKDT/R DEN A19:16 A15:8 BHE RD, WR T1 T2Processor 3.5.4HALT Bus Cycle CLKOUT CLKOUT HOLD HLDA AD15:0 AD7:0 A15:8 A19:16 3.5.5Temporarily Exiting the HALT Bus StateCONTROL RFSH CLKOUT ALE S2:0 AD15:0 AD7:0 A15:8 A19:16 BHEBUS INTERFACE UNIT 3.5.6Exiting HALT RFSH 3.6SYSTEM DESIGN ALTERNATIVESCLKOUT NMI/INTx ALE S2:0 AD15:0 AD7:0 A15:8 A19:16 BHE3.6.1Buffering the Data Bus A19:16 3.6.2Synchronizing Software and Hardware Events 3.6.3Using a Locked Bus Table 3-7.Queue Status Signal Decoding 3.6.4Using the Queue Status SignalsBUS INTERFACE UNIT Figure 3-33.Queue Status Timing 3.7MULTI-MASTERBUS SYSTEM DESIGNS3.7.1Entering Bus HOLD BUS INTERFACE UNITCLKOUT 3.7.1.2Refresh Operation During a Bus HOLD BUS INTERFACE UNITCLKOUT Latched HLDA 3.7.2Exiting HOLD+5 HLDA RESET HOLD PRE DQ CLR3.8BUS CYCLE PRIORITIES 9.DMA bus cycles Page Peripheral Control Block Page 4.1PERIPHERAL CONTROL REGISTERS CHAPTER PERIPHERAL CONTROL BLOCK4.2PCB RELOCATION REGISTER Register Name PCB Relocation RegisterRELREG Relocates the PCB within memory or I/O spaceFunction PERIPHERAL CONTROL BLOCKTable 4-1.Peripheral Control Block Function4.4.1Bus Cycles 4.4ACCESSING THE PERIPHERAL CONTROL BLOCK4.4.2READY Signals and Wait States 4.3RESERVED LOCATIONSByte reads 4.4.3F-BusOperationWord reads addressPERIPHERAL CONTROL BLOCK 4.5SETTING THE PCB BASE LOCATION4.4.3.2Accessing the Peripheral Control Registers 4.4.3.3Accessing Reserved LocationsPage Page Clock Generation and Power Management Page 5.1CLOCK GENERATION CHAPTER CLOCK GENERATION AND POWER MANAGEMENT5.1.1Crystal Oscillator 5.1.1.1Oscillator Operation CLOCK GENERATION AND POWER MANAGEMENTZ0 = Inverter Output Z 180˚Fundamental Third-OvertoneCrystal CLOCK GENERATION AND POWER MANAGEMENTFigure 5-4.Equations for Crystal Calculations CLKOUT5.1.1.2Selecting Crystals CLOCK GENERATION AND POWER MANAGEMENT5.1.4Reset and Clock Synchronization 5.1.2Using an External Oscillator5.1.3Output from the Clock Generator 50 k typical RESET IN 1µf typicalCLOCK GENERATION AND POWER MANAGEMENT Figure 5-5.Simple RC Circuit for Powerup ResetX1 Vcc CLOCK GENERATION AND POWER MANAGEMENTRESET Figure 5-6.Cold Reset WaveformFigure 5-7.Warm Reset Waveform CLOCK GENERATION AND POWER MANAGEMENT5.2POWER MANAGEMENT CLOCK GENERATION AND POWER MANAGEMENT 5.2.1Power-SaveMode5.2.1.1Entering Power-SaveMode CLOCK GENERATION AND POWER MANAGEMENT Register Name Register Mnemonic Register FunctionPower Save Register PWRSAV Enables and sets clock division factor 0 F F 15.2.1.2Leaving Power-SaveMode CLKOUT WRCLOCK GENERATION AND POWER MANAGEMENT Figure 5-10. Power-SaveClock TransitionCLOCK GENERATION AND POWER MANAGEMENT Chip-SelectUnit Page CHAPTER CHIP-SELECTUNIT 6.2CHIP-SELECTUNIT FEATURES AND BENEFITS6.1COMMON METHODS FOR GENERATING CHIP-SELECTS CHIP-SELECTUNIT 6.3CHIP-SELECTUNIT FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEWChip-SelectsUsing Chip-SelectsUsingInternal device EPROM or Flash memory types 1.The chip-selectis enabled 6.4.1Initialization Sequence 6.4PROGRAMMINGCHIP-SELECTUNIT Register NameRegister Mnemonic Register FunctionCHIP-SELECTUNIT Register NameRegister Mnemonic Register FunctionCHIP-SELECTUNIT Register NameRegister Mnemonic Register FunctionCHIP-SELECTUNIT Register NameRegister Mnemonic Register FunctionFigure 6-9.MPCS Register Definition MPCSRegister Mnemonic CHIP-SELECTUNIT6.4.2Programming the Active Ranges Table 6-4.MCS Active Range Table 6.3 LCS Active RangeCHIP-SELECTUNIT 6.4.2.2LCS Active Range 6.4.2.3MCS Active RangeStarting Address CHIP-SELECTUNIT 6.4.2.4PCS Active Range 6.4.3Bus Wait State and Ready ControlTable 6-6.PCS Active Range READY Wait State Ready 6.4.4Overlapping Chip-SelectsBUS READY R2 Control Bit Wait Wait State Value R1:0 State Counter6.4.6Programming Considerations 6.4.5Memory or I/O Bus Cycle Decoding6.5CHIP-SELECTSAND BUS HOLD 6.6.1Example 1: Typical System ConfigurationCSU Chip Select Device select External Master Chip SelectFigure 6-13.Typical System CHIP-SELECTUNITExample 6-1.Initializing the Chip-SelectUnit CHIP-SELECTUNITCHIP-SELECTUNIT Place memory variables here CHIP-SELECTUNITRefresh Control Unit Page CHAPTER REFRESH CONTROL UNIT 7.2REFRESH CONTROL UNIT CAPABILITIES 7.1THE ROLE OF THE REFRESH CONTROL UNIT7.3REFRESH CONTROL UNIT OPERATION Refresh Control Unit Operation Set E Bit REFRESH CONTROL UNIT 7.4REFRESH ADDRESSESFigure 7-3.Refresh Address Formation Table 7-1.Identification of Refresh Bus Cycles 7.5REFRESH BUS CYCLES7.6GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING DRAM CONTROLLERS REFRESH CONTROL UNITT3/TW REFRESH CONTROL UNIT 7.7PROGRAMMING THE REFRESH CONTROL UNIT7.7.1Calculating the Refresh Interval 7.7.2Refresh Control Unit RegistersRegister Name:Refresh Base Address Register RFBASERegister Mnemonic Register Name Refresh Clock Interval RegisterRFTIME Sets refresh rateControls Refresh Unit operation 7.7.3Programming ExampleRegister Name Register Mnemonic Register Function Refresh Control Register RFCONExample 7-1.Initializing the Refresh Control Unit REFRESH CONTROL UNITREFRESH CONTROL UNIT 7.8REFRESH OPERATION AND BUS HOLDCLKOUT Page Interrupt Control Unit Page 8.1FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW CHAPTER INTERRUPT CONTROL UNIT8.2.1Generic Functions in Master Mode 8.2MASTER MODEInterrupt Name Table 8-1.Default Interrupt PrioritiesINTERRUPT CONTROL UNIT 8.2.1.1Interrupt Masking 8.2.1.2Interrupt Priority8.2.1.3Interrupt Nesting INTERRUPT CONTROL UNIT8.3.2Priority Resolution 8.3FUNCTIONAL OPERATION IN MASTER MODE8.3.1Typical Interrupt Sequence •the Interrupt Control Unit has been initialized INTERRUPT CONTROL UNIT 8.3.3Cascading with External 8259As8.3.2.2Interrupts That Share a Single Source INT0 Table 8-2.Fixed Interrupt Types 8.3.4Interrupt Acknowledge Sequence8.3.5Polling INTERRUPT CONTROL UNIT8.3.7Additional Latency and Response Time 8.3.6Edge and Level Triggering8.4PROGRAMMING THE INTERRUPT CONTROL UNIT INTERRUPT CONTROL UNIT 8.4.1Interrupt Control RegistersRegister Mnemonic: TCUCON, DMA0CON, DMA1CON Register Mnemonic I2CON, I3CONRegister Mnemonic I0CON, I1CONINTERRUPT CONTROL UNIT Stores pending interrupt requests 8.4.2Interrupt Request RegisterInterrupt Request Register REQST8.4.4Priority Mask Register Interrupt Mask RegisterIMASK Masks individual interrupt sourcesRegister Mnemonic 8.4.5In-ServiceRegisterRegister Name Priority Mask RegisterRegister Mnemonic 8.4.6Poll and Poll Status RegistersFigure 8-10. In-ServiceRegister Register NameFigure 8-11.Poll Register Register Name Register Mnemonic Register FunctionPoll Register POLL INTERRUPT CONTROL UNITPoll Status Register POLLSTS 8.4.7End-of-InterruptEOI RegisterRead to check for pending interrupts when polling Register Name Register Mnemonic Register FunctionEnd-of-InterruptRegister EOI 8.4.8Interrupt Status RegisterUsed to issue an EOI command Register Name Register Mnemonic Register FunctionRegister Name Register Mnemonic Register Function 8.5SLAVE MODEInterrupt Status Register INTSTS 82C59A Figure 8-15.Interrupt Control Unit in Slave ModeINT0 INTA 80186 Modular Core Select IRQ 8259A8.5.1Slave Mode Programming INTERRUPT CONTROL UNIT Table 8-5.Slave Mode Fixed Interrupt Type Bits8.5.1.1Interrupt Vector Register 8.5.1.2End-Of-InterruptRegister INTVECRegister Mnemonic INTERRUPT CONTROL UNITRegister Mnemonic End-of-InterruptRegister in Slave ModeUsed to issue the EOI command Register Name8.5.2Interrupt Vectoring in Slave Mode Interrupt presented to Interrupt Control Unit INTERRUPT CONTROL UNIT Page Timer/Counter Unit Page 9.1FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW CHAPTER TIMER/COUNTER UNITT0 In T0IN TIMER/COUNTER UNITT1IN T0OUT T1OUT Figure 9-3.Timers 0 and 1 Flow Chart TIMER/COUNTER UNITFigure 9-3.Timers 0 and 1 Flow Chart Continued TIMER/COUNTER UNITMaxcount A 9.2PROGRAMMING THE TIMER/COUNTER UNITDual Maximum Count Mode Single Maximum Count ModeFigure 9-5.Timer 0 and Timer 1 Control Registers Timer 0 and 1 Control Registers T0CON, T1CONDefines Timer 0 and 1 operation TIMER/COUNTER UNITRegister Name Register Mnemonic Register Function TIMER/COUNTER UNITFigure 9-6.Timer 2 Control Register Timer 2 Control Register T2CONDefines Timer 2 operation TIMER/COUNTER UNITTIMER/COUNTER UNIT Timer Count RegisterContains the current timer count T0CNT, T1CNT, T2CNT9.2.1Initialization Sequence Table 9-1.Timer 0 and 1 Clock Sources 9.2.2Clock Sources9.2.3Counting Modes TIMER/COUNTER UNIT9.2.3.1Retriggering TIMER/COUNTER UNITTIMER/COUNTER UNIT 9.2.4Pulsed and Variable Duty Cycle OutputTable 9-2.Timer Retriggering Maxcount - 9.2.5Enabling/Disabling CountersTimer Serviced 1 Internal Count Value9.3TIMING 9.2.6Timer Interrupts9.3.1Input Setup and Hold Timings 9.2.7Programming Considerations9.3.5Digital One-Shot 9.3.2Synchronization and Maximum Frequency9.3.3Real-TimeClock 9.3.4Square-WaveGeneratorExample 9-1.Configuring a Real-TimeClock TIMER/COUNTER UNITTIMER/COUNTER UNIT enable interrupts TIMER/COUNTER UNITExample 9-2.Configuring a Square-WaveGenerator TIMER/COUNTER UNITExample 9-3.Configuring a Digital One-Shot TIMER/COUNTER UNITTIMER/COUNTER UNIT Page Direct Memory Access Unit Page 10.1 FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW CHAPTER DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS UNIT10.1.1 The DMA Transfer Fetch 10.1.3 DMA Requests 10.1.2 Source and Destination Pointers10.1.4 External Requests Fetch Cycle 10.1.5 Internal Requests 10.1.5.1Timer 2-InitiatedTransfers10.1.7.2Software Termination 10.1.6 DMA Transfer CountsDIRECT MEMORY ACCESS UNIT 10.1.7.1Termination at Terminal Count10.1.9 DMA Cycles and the BIU 10.1.8 DMA Unit Interrupts10.1.10 The Two-ChannelDMA Unit Module 10.2.1 DMA Channel Parameters 10.2 PROGRAMMING THE DMA UNITRegister Name:DMA Source Address Pointer High DxSRCHRegister Mnemonic Register Name:DMA Source Address Pointer Low DxSRCLRegister Mnemonic Register Function DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS UNITRegister Mnemonic DxDSTHRegister Name:DMA Destination Address Pointer Low DxDSTLRegister Mnemonic DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS UNIT DMA Control RegisterDxCON Controls DMA channel parametersRegister Mnemonic DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS UNITRegister Name DMA Control RegisterDxCON Register NameDMA Control Register Register Mnemonic10.2.1.6Programming the Transfer Count Options DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS UNIT10.2.1.4Arming the DMA Channel 10.2.1.5Selecting Channel SynchronizationRegister Name DMA Transfer CountDxTC Contains the DMA channel’s transfer count10.3.1 DRQ Pin Timing Requirements 10.2.2 Suspension of DMA Transfers10.2.3 Initializing the DMA Unit 10.3 HARDWARE CONSIDERATIONS AND THE DMA UNIT10.3.3 DMA Transfer Rates 10.3.2 DMA Latency10.4 DMA UNIT EXAMPLES 10.3.4 Generating a DMA AcknowledgeExample 10-1.Initializing the DMA Unit DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS UNITExample 10-1.Initializing the DMA Unit Continued DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS UNITExample 10-1.Initializing the DMA Unit Continued DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS UNITSECTORS Example 10-2.Timed DMA Transfers DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS UNITExample 10-2.Timed DMA Transfers Continued DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS UNITPage Math Coprocessing Page 11.1 OVERVIEW OF MATH COPROCESSING CHAPTER MATH COPROCESSING11.2 AVAILABILITY OF MATH COPROCESSING 11.3.1 80C187 Instruction Set 11.3 THE 80C187 MATH COPROCESSOR•the 80C187 uses register or memory operands Division MATH COPROCESSINGTable 11-2.80C187 Arithmetic Instructions AdditionTable 11-4.80C187 Transcendental Instructions MATH COPROCESSING 11.3.1.3Comparison InstructionsTable 11-3.80C187 Comparison Instructions 11.3.1.4Transcendental InstructionsTable 11-6.80C187 Processor Control Instructions MATH COPROCESSING 11.3.1.5Constant InstructionsTable 11-5.80C187 Constant Instructions 11.3.1.6Processor Control Instructions11.4 MICROPROCESSOR AND COPROCESSOR OPERATION 11.3.2 80C187 Data TypesFigure 11-1. 80C187-SupportedData Types MATH COPROCESSINGCore MATH COPROCESSING80C187 ModularTable 11-7.80C187 I/O Port Assignments 11.4.2 Processor Bus Cycles Accessing the 80C18711.4.1 Clocking the 80C187 MATH COPROCESSING11.4.3 System Design Tips Core MATH COPROCESSING80C187 Modular11.5 EXAMPLE MATH COPROCESSOR ROUTINES 11.4.4 Exception Trapping80C187 MATH COPROCESSING80C186 Modular CoreMATH COPROCESSING MATH COPROCESSING ONCE Mode Page 12.1 ENTERING/LEAVING ONCE MODE CHAPTER ONCE MODENOTES: 1. Entering ONCE Mode 2.Latching ONCE Mode ONCE MODEFigure 12-1.Entering/Leaving ONCE Mode bidirectional weakly held pins except OSCOUT80C186 Instruction Set Additions and Extensions Page A.1.1 Data Transfer Instructions A.1 80C186 INSTRUCTION SET ADDITIONSPUSHA/POPA A.1.3 High-LevelInstructions A.1.2 String InstructionsINS source_string, port OUTS port, destination_string1.Main has variables at fixed locations 80C186 INSTRUCTION SET ADDITIONS AND EXTENSIONS Figure A-2.Variable Access in Nested ProceduresFigure A-3.Stack Frame for Main at Level BP SP BPA = BP Value for Procedure AFigure A-4.Stack Frame for Procedure A at Level 80C186 INSTRUCTION SET ADDITIONS AND EXTENSIONSDisplay B Dynamic Storage B 80C186 INSTRUCTION SET ADDITIONS AND EXTENSIONSBP SP Old BP BPM BPM BPM BPA BPA BPM BPA BPB80C186 INSTRUCTION SET ADDITIONS AND EXTENSIONS LEAVEPUSH data BOUND register, addressA.2 80C186 INSTRUCTION SET ENHANCEMENTS A.2.1 Data Transfer InstructionsSAL destination, count A.2.2 Arithmetic InstructionsIMUL destination, source, data A.2.3 Bit Manipulation InstructionsRCR destination, count ROL destination, countROR destination, count RCL destination, countInput Synchronization Page APPENDIX B INPUT SYNCHRONIZATION B.1 WHY SYNCHRONIZERS ARE REQUIREDB.2 ASYNCHRONOUS PINS Instruction Set Descriptions Page Table C-1.Instruction Format Variables APPENDIX C INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSDescription INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-2.Instruction Operands OperandTable C-3.Flag Bit Functions INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSADC dest, src Description INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued NameTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued Call ProcedureCALL procedure-name INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSName Clear Interrupt-enableFlagINSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONS Table C-4.Instruction Set ContinuedName INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-10Table C-4.Instruction Set Continued INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSC-11 Name INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-12Table C-4.Instruction Set Continued When Source Operand is a ByteWhen Source Operand is a Word INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSC-14 Procedure EntryINSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONS Table C-4.Instruction Set ContinuedName INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-15Table C-4.Instruction Set Continued When Source Operand is a ByteWhen Source Operand is a Word INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSIN accum, port INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-17Name INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-18Name INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-19JA disp8 INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-20JNB disp8 INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued JAE disp8JZ disp8 INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued JE disp8JGE disp8 INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued JL disp8JNZ disp8 INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued JNE disp8JP disp8 INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued JO disp8LDS dest, src INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-26C-27 Load Pointer Using ESINSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONS Table C-4.Instruction Set ContinuedLODS src-string INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-28MOV dest, src INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-29MOVS dest-string, src-string INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-30Table C-4.Instruction Set Continued INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSC-31 Name INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-32Name INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-33Table C-4.Instruction Set Continued INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSC-34 Name INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-35Name INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-36Table C-4.Instruction Set Continued INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSC-37 Name INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-38Name INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-39SAL dest, count INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued SHL dest, countName INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-41Table C-4.Instruction Set Continued When Source Operand is a ByteWhen Source Operand is a Word INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSSHR dest, src INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-43STOS dest-string INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-44Name INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-45Name INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-46Name INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONSTable C-4.Instruction Set Continued C-47Page Instruction Set Opcodes and Clock Cycles Page AND CLOCK CYCLES APPENDIX D INSTRUCTION SET OPCODESTable D-1.Operand Variables Format INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESTable D-2.Instruction Set Summary FunctionARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESTable D-2.Instruction Set Summary Continued DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS ContinuedTable D-2.Instruction Set Summary Continued INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS Continued BIT MANIPULATION INSTRUCTIONS INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESTable D-2.Instruction Set Summary Continued ARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS ContinuedShifts/Rotates INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESTable D-2.Instruction Set Summary Continued BIT MANIPULATION INSTRUCTIONS ContinuedTable D-2.Instruction Set Summary Continued INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESIteration Control INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESTable D-2.Instruction Set Summary Continued PROGRAM TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS ContinuedByte INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESTable D-2.Instruction Set Summary Continued Table D-3.Machine Instruction Decoding GuideBytes 3–6 INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESByte ByteBytes 3–6 INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESByte ByteBytes 3–6 INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESByte ByteBytes 3–6 INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESByte ByteBytes 3–6 INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESByte ByteBytes 3–6 INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESByte ByteBytes 3–6 INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESByte ByteBytes 3–6 INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESByte ByteBytes 3–6 INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESByte ByteBytes 3–6 INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESByte ByteTable D-4.Mnemonic Encoding Matrix Left Half INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESTable D-4.Mnemonic Encoding Matrix Right Half INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESD-21 Abbr INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES AND CLOCK CYCLESAbbr DefinitionIndex Page ARDY, See READY Arithmetic INDEXCrystal‚ See Oscillator INDEXData bus, See Address and data bus Index-3 INDEXSee also Bus cycles See also Refresh Control UnitIndex-4 INDEXinterrupt Index-5 INDEXIndex-6 INDEXINDEX Timers‚ See Timer Counter Unit TCUIndex-7 Index-8 INDEX