Tempo

Tempo is the rhythmic rate of a musical composition, usually specified in beats per

 

minute (BPM).

 

 

Threshold

A threshold determines the level at which the signal processor begins acting on the

 

signal. During normalization, levels above this threshold are attenuated (cut).

 

 

Time Format

The format by which the time ruler and selection times are displayed. These can include:

 

time, seconds, frames, and all standard SMPTE frame rates.

 

 

Track

A discrete timeline for audio data. Audio events sit on tracks and determine when a sound

 

starts and stops. Multiple audio tracks are played together to give you a composite sound

 

that you hear through your speakers.

 

 

Track List

The track list contains the master controls for each track. From here you can adjust the

 

mix, select playback devices, and reorder tracks.

 

 

Track View

The majority of the track view is made up of the space where you draw events on each

 

track.

 

 

μ-Law

μ-Law (mu-Law) is a companded compression algorithm for voice signals defined by the

 

Geneva Recommendations (G.711). The G.711 recommendation defines μ-Law as a

 

method of encoding 16-bit PCM signals into a non-linear 8-bit format. The algorithm is

 

commonly used in European and Asian telecommunications. μ-Law is very similar to A-

 

Law, however, each uses a slightly different coder and decoder.

 

 

Undo/Redo

These commands allow you to change a project back to a previous state or reapply

 

changes after you have undone them.

 

 

Virtual MIDI Router

A software-only router for MIDI data between programs. The VMR is used to receive MIDI

(VMR)

timecode and send MIDI clock. No MIDI hardware or cables are required for a VMR, so

 

routing can only be performed between programs running on the same PC.

 

 

VST Instrument (VSTi)

A Virtual Studio Technology instrument (VSTi®) is software synthesizer plug-in technology

 

for outputting MIDI developed by Steinberg Media Technologies AG.

 

 

WAV

A digital audio file format developed by Microsoft and IBM®. One minute of

 

uncompressed audio requires 10 MB of storage.

 

 

Waveform

A waveform is the visual representation of wave-like phenomena, such as sound or light.

 

For example, when the amplitude of sound pressure is graphed over time, pressure

 

variations usually form a smooth waveform.

 

 

Waveform Display

Each event shows a graph of the sound data waveform. The vertical axis corresponds to

 

the amplitude of the wave. For 16-bit sounds, the amplitude range is -32,768 to +32,767.

 

For 8-bit sounds, the range is -128 to +127. The horizontal axis corresponds to time, with

 

the leftmost point being the start of the waveform. In memory, the horizontal axis

 

corresponds to the number of samples from the start of the sound file.

 

 

Windows Media® Format

A Microsoft® file format that can handle audio and video presentations and other data

 

such as scripts, URL flips, images and HTML tags. Advanced Streaming Format files can be

 

saved with .asf, .wma, or .wmv extensions.

 

 

APPENDIX E 317