Diagnosing Common Network Issues | Apple 10.5 Leapard guide

Solving Problems	11

If you encounter problems as you work with Workgroup Manager, you may find a solution in this chapter.

If the answer to your question isn’t here, try searching Workgroup Manager Help for new topics. You can also search the Apple Service & Support website for information and solutions at www.apple.com/support/.

Diagnosing Common Network Issues

Before you try the solutions in this chapter, make sure your network is properly configured.

In particular, test your Network Time Protocol (NTP), Domain Name System (DNS), and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) services.

For more information about NTP, DNS, or DHCP, see Network Services Administration.

Testing Your Network’s Time and Time Zones

The many technologies and services in Mac OS X Server rely on having accurate time settings on all networked computers.

Typically, computers are connected to an NTP server that provides accurate time settings. You should still check your networked computers’ time settings using Apple Remote Desktop (not included with Mac OS X Server). For more information about Apple Remote Desktop, see www.apple.com/remotedesktop.

You can send the commands in the following procedure using the ssh command. You can also test and correct a computer’s time settings in System Preferences. Both methods allow you to test and correct one computer at a time, but with Apple Remote Desktop you can test and correct many computers simultaneously.

To test your network computer time and time zones using Apple Remote Desktop:

1In Apple Remote Desktop, send the following UNIX command to all computers:

sudo systemsetup -gettimezone

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Apple 10.5 Leapard manual Diagnosing Common Network Issues, Testing Your Network’s Time and Time Zones

Contents

Mac OS X Server 019-0938/2007-09-01 Contents Using Workgroup Manager Configuring the Administrator’s Computer and AccountSetting Up an Administrator Computer Creating a Domain Administrator Account Contents Creating a Preset for Group Accounts Setting Up Group AccountsWhere Group Accounts Are Stored Administering Group Accounts 118 Chapter Contents Contents If You Can‘t Change a User’s Password Type to Open Directory 267 257 What’s New in Workgroup Manager About This Guide What’s in This Guide To see the most recent server help topics Using Onscreen HelpTo get help for an advanced configuration of Leopard Server This guide Tells you how to Mac OS X Server Administration Guides User Management Getting Additional Information Getting Documentation Updates Workgroup Manager Tools for User Management See this document Server Admin Server Preferences NetBootNetInstall Accounts Command-Line Tools Server Administration Administrator Accounts Guest Account User Accounts Computer Accounts Group Accounts Computer Groups Authentication and Identity ValidationUser Experience Information Access Control Folder and File Owner Access ACLs and Posix Permissions User Management Overview Getting Started with User Management Setup Overview Set up an administrator computer Create user accounts and home folders Analyzing Your Environment Planning Strategies for User Management Determining Server and Storage Requirements Identifying Directory Services Requirements Users with local accounts typically have local home folders Choosing a Home Folder Structure Devising a Home Folder Distribution Strategy Identifying Groups Determining Administrator Requirements Getting Started with User Management Getting Started with User Management To set up an administrator computer Configuring the Administrator’s Computer and AccountSetting Up an Administrator Computer To create a domain administrator account Using Workgroup ManagerCreating a Domain Administrator Account To connect and authenticate to directory domains Major Workgroup Manager Tasks Preference Description Modifying Workgroup Manager PreferencesTo set Workgroup Manager preferences Listing Accounts in the Local Directory Domain Finding and Listing AccountsWorking with Account Lists in Workgroup Manager To list accounts in a server’s local directory domain Listing Accounts in Search Policy Directory Domains Finding Specific Accounts in a List Listing Accounts in Available Directory DomainsRefreshing Account Lists To do this Do this Using Advanced SearchTo filter items in the list of accounts Sorting Users and Groups Using PresetsShortcuts for Working with Accounts Interface element Mixed-state appearance Editing Multiple Accounts Simultaneously To batch-edit accounts that match specific criteria Importing and Exporting Account Information Getting Started with Workgroup Manager About User Accounts Where User Accounts Are Stored User ID Predefined User Accounts To create a user account Administering User AccountsCreating User Accounts To make changes to a user account Editing User Account Information To work with a read-only user account Working with Read-Only User AccountsWorking with Guest Users Disabling a User Account To delete a user account using Workgroup ManagerWorking with Windows User Accounts Deleting a User Account To create a preset for user accounts Working with PresetsCreating a Preset for User Accounts To create an account using a preset Using Presets to Create AccountsRenaming Presets Editing Presets To delete a preset Working with Basic SettingsDeleting a Preset To edit a preset Modifying Short Names To work with the user name using Workgroup Manager Choosing Stable Short Names To work with a user short name using Workgroup Manager Avoiding Duplicate Names To change a user ID in Workgroup Manager Modifying User IDs To set server administrator privileges in Workgroup Manager Assigning a Password to a UserAssigning Administrator Privileges for a Server To assign a password To change a user’s login picture Choosing a User’s Login Picture Working with Privileges Removing Administrative Privileges from a UserGiving a User Limited Administrative Capabilities To remove a user’s administrative privileges Task Description To add limited administrative capabilities To enable a user’s calendar Working with Advanced SettingsGiving a User Full Administrative Capabilities To change a user’s administrative privileges To choose a default shell Choosing a Default Shell To choose a user password type and set password options Choosing a Password Type and Setting Password Options To edit the master keyword list Creating a Master List of KeywordsApplying Keywords to User Accounts To work with keywords for a user account To work with a comment using Workgroup ManagerEditing Comments Choosing a User’s Primary Group Working with Group SettingsTo set a primary group ID using Workgroup Manager Adding a User to a Group To review group memberships using Workgroup ManagerReviewing a User’s Group Memberships Removing a User from a Group Working with Home SettingsTo add a user to a group using Workgroup Manager To remove a user from a group using Workgroup Manager Enabling Mail Service Account Options Working with Mail Settings To forward a user’s mail using Workgroup Manager Working with Print Quota SettingsDisabling a User’s Mail Service To disable a user’s mail service using Workgroup Manager Enabling a User’s Access to Specific Print Queues Enabling a User’s Access to All Available Print Queues Removing a Print Quota For a Queue Resetting a User’s Print QuotaTo delete a user’s print quota using Workgroup Manager To restart a user’s print quota using Workgroup Manager To disable a user’s access to print queues enforcing quotas Working with Info Settings To change a user’s info Working with Windows SettingsChanging a Windows User’s Profile Location Changing a Windows User’s Login Script Location Viewing GUIDs Working with GUIDsChanging a Windows User’s Home Folder Drive Letter Changing a Windows User’s Home Folder Location To view a user or group Guid How Group Accounts Track Membership About Group Accounts Predefined Group name Group ID Use Where Group Accounts Are StoredPredefined Group Accounts To create a group account Administering Group AccountsCreating Group Accounts To make changes to a group account Creating a Preset for Group AccountsTo create a preset for group accounts Editing Group Account Information To create a hierarchical group Creating Hierarchical Groups Working with Read-Only Groups To convert a legacy group to an upgraded group accountUpgrading Legacy Groups Naming a Group Working with Basic Settings for GroupsTo delete a group using Workgroup Manager Deleting a Group Defining a Group ID To work with group names using Workgroup Manager To choose a group’s login picture Choosing a Group’s Login PictureTo work with a group ID using Workgroup Manager To enable a group’s web services Enabling a Group’s Web Services Adding Users or Groups to a Group Working with Member Settings for Groups To remove group members Working with Group Folder SettingsRemoving Group Members To specify no group folder Specifying No Group FolderCreating a Group Folder 102 Designating a Group Folder for Use by Multiple Groups 104 About Computer Accounts Setting Up Computers Computer Groups To create a computer account Creating Computer Accounts Working with Windows Computers To set up the guest computer accountWorking with Guest Computers Creating a Computer Group Administering Computer GroupsAbout Computer Groups Differences Between Computer Groups and Computer Lists To set up a computer group Creating a Preset for Computer Groups To use a preset for computer groups Using a Computer Group PresetTo set up a preset for computer groups To add computers or computer groups to a computer group Adding Computers or Computer Groups to a Computer Group To delete a computer group To upgrade computer lists to computer groupsDeleting a Computer Group Upgrading Computer Lists to Computer Groups About Home Folders Setting Up Home Folders Hosting Home Folders for Other Clients Hosting Home Folders for Mac OS X Clients Distributing Home Folders Across Multiple Servers Unix Class Name Permission Administering Share PointsSetting Up a Share Point To set up a share point To set up an automountable AFP share point for home folders Setting Up an Automountable AFP Share Point for Home Folders To set up an automountable NFS share point for home folders Setting Up an Automountable NFS Share Point for Home Folders Setting Up an SMB Share Point To create an SMB share point and set permissions To define no home folder Administering Home FoldersSpecifying No Home Folder To create a home folder for a local user Creating a Home Folder for a Local User To create a network home folder for AFP or NFS share points Creating a Network Home Folder Creating a Custom Location for Home Folders To create a custom home folder using Workgroup Manager Element Do this To set up a home folder in an existing share point Setting Up a Home Folder for a Windows User \\servername\usershortname Setting Disk Quotas Deleting Home Folders Setting Disk Quotas for Windows Users to Avoid Data LossUsing Presets to Choose Default Home Folders Moving Home Folders About Mobile Accounts Managing Portable Computers About Portable Home Directories Logging In to Mobile Accounts Resolving Sync Conflicts About External Accounts Logging In to External Accounts Applications locally cache temporary files Advantages of Using Mobile AccountsConsiderations and Strategies for Deploying Mobile Accounts You can manage individual mobile accounts Considerations for Using Mobile Accounts 138 Mobile accounts can’t restore deleted files through syncing Strategies for Syncing Content To set up portable computers for use on your network Setting Up Mobile Accounts for Use on Portable ComputersConfiguring Portable Computers Unknown Mac OS X Portable Computers Managing Mobile Clients Without Using Mobile Accounts Using Mac OS X Portable Computers with Multiple Users 143 Optimizing the File Server for Mobile Accounts Securing Mobile Clients To optimize the file server for mobile accounts 146 Client Management Overview There are several key network-visible resources Using Network-Visible Resources Environment Control By letting you manage Power of PreferencesLimits access Customizing the User Experience Environment Desired effect Designing the Login ExperienceKey login settings Choosing a Workgroup Improving Workflow Working with Synced Homes 153 154 Preference pane What you can manage Using Workgroup Manager to Manage Preferences Understanding Managed Preference Interactions 157 158 Understanding Hierarchical Preference Management Setting the Permanence of Management Caching Preferences Preference Management Basics To manage user preferences Managing User Preferences To manage computer preferences Managing Group PreferencesManaging Computer Preferences To manage group preferences To manage computer group preferences Managing Computer Group PreferencesDisabling Management for Specific Preferences To selectively disable preference management Managing Access to Applications Icon Indicates the application has this type of signature What you can control To allow users to open specific applications and folders To allow specific Dashboard widgets Allowing Specific Dashboard Widgets Disabling Front Row To disable Front Row Managing Classic Preferences To set up a list of accessible applications Classic preference pane What you can control Selecting Classic Startup OptionsTo work with various startup options for Classic To choose a specific Classic System Folder Choosing a Classic System FolderAllowing Special Actions During Restart To hide or show items in the Apple menu Controlling Access to Classic Apple Menu ItemsTo allow special actions during restart To adjust Classic sleep settings Adjusting Classic Sleep Settings Controlling the User’s Dock To choose where Classic user preferences are storedManaging Dock Preferences Maintaining Consistent User Preferences for Classic To add a Dock item for a group folder Providing Easy Access to Group Folders To add items to a user’s Dock Adding Items to a User’s Dock To prevent users from adding items to their Docks Managing Energy Saver PreferencesPreventing Users from Adding or Deleting Dock Items To set sleep and wake settings Using Sleep and Wake Settings for Desktop Computers To manage portable computer settings Setting Energy Saver Settings for Portable Computers Displaying Battery Status to Users To schedule automatic actions To show battery status in the menu barScheduling Automatic Startup, Shutdown, or Sleep Finder preference pane What you can control Setting Up Simple FinderManaging Finder Preferences To set Finder window preferences Controlling the Behavior of Finder WindowsTo turn on Simple Finder To hide disk and server icons on the desktop To make filename extensions visible Hiding the Alert Message When a User Empties the TrashMaking Filename Extensions Visible To hide the Trash warning message Preventing Users from Ejecting Discs Controlling User Access to Remote ServersControlling User Access to an iDisk To hide the Go to Folder command Hiding the Burn Disc Command in the FinderControlling User Access to Folders To hide the Burn Disc command To set preferences for the desktop view Adjusting the Appearance and Arrangement of Desktop ItemsTo hide the Restart and Shut Down commands Removing Restart and Shut Down from the Apple Menu Adjusting the Appearance of Finder Window Contents List setting Mac OS X version Effect Managing Login PreferencesChanging the Appearance of the Login Window Login preference pane What you can control To change the appearance of the Login Window Option What this does when enabled Configuring Miscellaneous Login Options Choosing Who Can Log To configure miscellaneous login options To choose who can log Customizing the Workgroups Displayed at Login To customize the workgroups displayed at login Enabling the Use of Login and Logout Scripts Trust value name Requirements To enable the use of login or logout scripts Click Edit Choosing a Login or Logout Script To set an item to open automatically To choose login or logout scriptsAutomatically Opening Items After a User Logs Providing Access to a User’s Network Home Folder To automatically mount the Network Home Providing Easy Access to the Group Share PointTo add a login item for the group share point To control access to disc media Managing Media Access PreferencesControlling Access to CDs, DVDs, and Recordable Discs To automatically eject removable media Controlling Access to Hard Drives, Disks, and Disk ImagesEjecting Removable Media Automatically When a User Logs Out To restrict access to internal and external disks Mobility preference pane What you can control Managing Mobility PreferencesCreating a Mobile Account Preventing the Creation of a Mobile Account To create a mobile account using Workgroup Manager To remove a mobile account Manually Removing Mobile Accounts from ComputersTo prevent the creation of mobile accounts OptionEffect Enabling FileVault for Mobile Accounts To enable FileVault for mobile accounts Type Name Privilege Selecting the Location of a Mobile AccountTo select the location of a mobile account Home folder location Description To create an external account Creating External Accounts Setting Expiration Periods for Mobile Accounts To set an expiration period To stop files from syncing Stopping Files from Syncing for a Mobile Account To set the frequency for syncing background folders Setting the Background Sync FrequencyShowing Mobile Account Status in the User’s Menu Bar Network preference pane What you can control Configuring Proxy Servers by PortManaging Network Preferences To show mobile account status in the user’s menu bar Allowing Users to Bypass Proxy Servers for Specific Domains To configure proxy servers for a user or a groupTo choose the domains that users can access directly Disabling Internet Sharing Enabling Passive FTP ModeTo enable passive FTP mode To disable Internet Sharing Disabling AirPort Disabling BluetoothTo disable AirPort To disable Bluetooth Hiding Profanity in Dictionary Preventing Access to Adult WebsitesTo prevent access to specific websites Managing Parental Controls Preferences To allow access only to specific websites Allowing Access Only to Specific Websites Setting Time Limits and Curfews on Computer Usage Printing preference pane What you can control Managing Printing PreferencesTo set time limits and curfews To create a printer list for users To restrict access to the printer listMaking Printers Available to Users Preventing Users from Modifying the Printer List To set the default printer Restricting Access to Printers Connected to a ComputerSetting a Default Printer To add a footer to all printouts Restricting Access to PrintersTo restrict access to a specific printer Adding a Page Footer to All Printouts To manage access to Software Update servers Managing Software Update PreferencesManaging Access to System Preferences Managing Time Machine Preferences To manage access to System Preferences To manage Time Machine preferences Universal Access Preference pane What you can control Managing Universal Access PreferencesAdjusting the User’s Display Settings To set a flashing alert Setting a Visual AlertAdjusting Keyboard Accessibility Options To adjust screen appearance Option Effect To set the way the keyboard responds to keystrokes To control mouse and pointer settings Adjusting Mouse and Pointer ResponsivenessEnabling Universal Access Shortcuts To allow assistive devices Using the Preference Editor with Preference ManifestsTo allow Universal Access Shortcuts Allowing Devices for Users with Special Needs Adding to the Preference Editor’s List Frequency Description To add to the preference editor’s list To edit application preferences Editing Application Preferences with the Preference Editor To disable management of an application’s preferences Manifest Examples of things you can change Using the Preference Editor to Manage Core Services To add Safari to the preference editor list Using the Preference Editor to Manage Safari 238 Testing Your Network’s Time and Time Zones Diagnosing Common Network Issues To test your network’s DNS service on a single computer Testing Your DNS Service To test your network’s Dhcp service on a single computer Testing Your Dhcp Service If You Want to Use Earlier Versions of Workgroup Manager Solving Account ProblemsIf You Can’t Edit an Account Using Workgroup Manager If Users Can’t See Their Names in the Login Window If Users Can’t Log In or Authenticate If You Can’t Modify a User’s Open Directory PasswordIf You Can’t Assign Server Administrator Privileges If Users Relying on a Password Server Can’t Log If a Windows User Can’t Log in to the Windows Domain Problems with a Primary or Backup Domain ControllerIf Users Can’t Access Their Home Folders If Users Can’t Change Their Passwords If a Windows User Has No Home Folder If a Windows User’s Profile Settings Revert to Defaults To view managed client settings in System Profiler Solving Preference Management ProblemsTesting Your Managed Client Settings If Users Don’t See a List of Workgroups at Login If Users Can’t Add Printers to a Printer List If Login Items Added by a User Don’t Open If Users See a Question Mark in the Dock If Items Placed in the Dock by a User Are MissingIf a User’s Dock Has Duplicate Items If You Can’t Manage Network Views If Users See a Message About an Unexpected Error Understanding What You Can Import and Export Importing and Exporting Account Information Limitations for Importing and Exporting Passwords Archiving the Open Directory Master Using Workgroup Manager to Import AccountsTo import accounts using Workgroup Manager Using Workgroup Manager to Export Accounts To export accounts using Workgroup Manager Using XML Files Created with AppleShare IP Apple Filing Protocol See AFP Access control list See ACL Directory node See directory domain See also computer list Full name See long name Globally unique identifier See Guid Home directory See home folder Local home directory See local home folder 262 Primary domain controller See PDC Security identifier See SID Search path See search policy Weblog See blog 266 Index 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275