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Intel 8XC196NP Comparison of PWM Modes, PWM Toggle Mode PWM Remap Mode, PTSCONST2, PTSPTR1

Models: Microcontroller 80C196NU 8XC196NP

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8XC196NP, 80C196NU USER’S MANUAL

6.6.5PWM Modes

The PWM toggle and PWM remap modes are designed for use with the event processor array (EPA) to generate pulse-width modulated (PWM) output signals. These modes can also be used with an interrupt signal from any other source. The PWM toggle mode uses a single EPA channel to generate a PWM signal. The PWM remap mode uses two EPA channels, but it can generate signals with duty cycles closer to 0% or 100% than are possible with the PWM toggle mode. Ta- ble 6-7 compares the two PWM modes. For code examples, see AP-445, 8XC196KR Peripherals: A User’s Point of View, and “EPA PWM Output Program” on page 10-26.

Table 6-7. Comparison of PWM Modes

PWM Toggle Mode

PWM Remap Mode

 

 

Uses a single EPA channel.

Uses two EPA channels.

 

 

Reads the location specified by PTSPTR1

Reads the location specified by PTSPTR1

(usually EPAx_TIME).

(usually EPAx_TIME).

 

 

Adds one of two values to the location specified by

Adds the value in PTSCONST1 to the location

PTSPTR1. If TBIT is clear, it adds the value in

specified by PTSPTR1.

PTSCONST1. If TBIT is set, it adds the value in

 

PTSCONST2.

 

 

 

Stores the sum back into the location specified by

Stores the sum back into the location specified by

PTSPTR1.

PTSPTR1.

 

 

Toggles TBIT.

Toggles the unused TBIT.

 

 

Figure 6-14 illustrates a generic PWM waveform. The length of an entire PWM output pulse is T2. The time the output is “on” is T1; the time the output is “off” is T2 – T1. The formulas for frequency and duty cycle are shown below. In most applications, the frequency is held constant and the duty cycle is varied to change the average value of the waveform.

1 Frequency, in Hertz = ------

T2

T1

Duty Cycle = ------ × 100%

T2

6-26

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Intel 8XC196NP, 80C196NU, Microcontroller Comparison of PWM Modes, PWM Toggle Mode PWM Remap Mode, PTSCONST2, PTSPTR1
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Microcontroller, 80C196NU, 8XC196NP specifications

The Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers are part of Intel's renowned 16-bit microcontroller series that gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s for embedded systems applications. Designed for a variety of applications, these microcontrollers are characterized by their robust performance, versatility, and industry-standard architecture.

The 8XC196NP features an enhanced instruction set with over 100 instructions, allowing for efficient code execution. It operates at clock speeds up to 16 MHz, which contributes to improved performance in time-sensitive applications. The microcontroller is equipped with a 16-bit data bus, enabling more efficient data handling compared to its 8-bit predecessors, thus accommodating complex algorithms and large data sets.

In terms of memory architecture, the 8XC196NP supports an addressable memory space of up to 64 KB of program memory and 64 KB of data memory. This configuration provides sufficient space for large applications while ensuring fast data access. The microcontroller includes integrated features such as timers, serial I/O capabilities, and interrupt processing, which enhance its functionality for real-time applications and control mechanisms.

The 80C196NU, on the other hand, is designed for lower power operation, making it suitable for battery-powered devices. This microcontroller maintains similar features to the 8XC196NP while offering advancements that support low-power consumption. The 80C196NU can also function in a range of temperature environments, making it adaptable for industrial applications.

Both the 8XC196NP and 80C196NU support external memory interfacing, allowing designers to expand the system's capability by connecting additional ROM and RAM. This flexibility makes them appealing for developing complex systems, such as motor controls, industrial automation, and consumer electronics.

Another standout feature of these microcontrollers is their built-in debugging capabilities. Intel provided hardware and software tools that enabled developers to test and troubleshoot their applications effectively, reducing the development time and increasing reliability.

Overall, the Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers stand out for their dependability, versatility, and performance, contributing significantly to the evolution of embedded system design. Their legacy continues to influence modern microcontroller technology, ensuring their relevance in a wide array of applications today.