Programming the Frequency and Period, E6H, Ffh

				PULSE-WIDTH MODULATOR

Duty	PWM Control		Output Waveform
Cycle	Register Value		Output Waveform
0%	00H	0
10%	19H	0
10%	19H	0
50%	80H	0
50%	80H	0
90%	E6H	0
90%	E6H	0
99.6%	FFH	0
99.6%	FFH	0
					A0119-02

Figure 9-3. PWM Output Waveforms

9.4PROGRAMMING THE FREQUENCY AND PERIOD

The PWM module provides two selectable, fixed PWM output frequencies for a specified internal operating frequency (f). Table 9-3 shows the PWM output frequencies for common operating frequencies on the 8XC196NP. The value of CON_REG0.0 determines the output fre- quency by enabling or disabling the clock prescaler. Use the following formulas to calculate the output frequency (FPWM) or output period (TPWM).

	Clock Prescaler	÷2 Clock Prescaler	÷4 Clock Prescaler †
	Disabled	Enabled	Enabled
FPWM (in MHz) =	f	f	f
FPWM (in MHz) =	---------	------------	------------
	512	1024	2048
TPWM (in μs) =	512	1024	2048
TPWM (in μs) =	---------	------------	------------
	f	f	f
† 80C196NU only.

9-5

Microcontroller, 80C196NU, 8XC196NP specifications

The Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers are part of Intel's renowned 16-bit microcontroller series that gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s for embedded systems applications. Designed for a variety of applications, these microcontrollers are characterized by their robust performance, versatility, and industry-standard architecture.

The 8XC196NP features an enhanced instruction set with over 100 instructions, allowing for efficient code execution. It operates at clock speeds up to 16 MHz, which contributes to improved performance in time-sensitive applications. The microcontroller is equipped with a 16-bit data bus, enabling more efficient data handling compared to its 8-bit predecessors, thus accommodating complex algorithms and large data sets.

In terms of memory architecture, the 8XC196NP supports an addressable memory space of up to 64 KB of program memory and 64 KB of data memory. This configuration provides sufficient space for large applications while ensuring fast data access. The microcontroller includes integrated features such as timers, serial I/O capabilities, and interrupt processing, which enhance its functionality for real-time applications and control mechanisms.

The 80C196NU, on the other hand, is designed for lower power operation, making it suitable for battery-powered devices. This microcontroller maintains similar features to the 8XC196NP while offering advancements that support low-power consumption. The 80C196NU can also function in a range of temperature environments, making it adaptable for industrial applications.

Both the 8XC196NP and 80C196NU support external memory interfacing, allowing designers to expand the system's capability by connecting additional ROM and RAM. This flexibility makes them appealing for developing complex systems, such as motor controls, industrial automation, and consumer electronics.

Another standout feature of these microcontrollers is their built-in debugging capabilities. Intel provided hardware and software tools that enabled developers to test and troubleshoot their applications effectively, reducing the development time and increasing reliability.

Overall, the Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers stand out for their dependability, versatility, and performance, contributing significantly to the evolution of embedded system design. Their legacy continues to influence modern microcontroller technology, ensuring their relevance in a wide array of applications today.

Intel 8XC196NP, 80C196NU, Microcontroller Programming the Frequency and Period, E6H, Ffh, Enabled

Models: Microcontroller 80C196NU 8XC196NP

E6H

FFH

Figure 9-3. PWM Output Waveforms

9.4PROGRAMMING THE FREQUENCY AND PERIOD

Enabled

Microcontroller, 80C196NU, 8XC196NP specifications