GUIDE TO THIS MANUAL

1.2NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

The following notations and terminology are used throughout this manual. The Glossary defines other terms with special meanings.

#

The pound symbol (#) has either of two meanings, depending on the

 

context. When used with a signal name, the symbol means that the

 

signal is active low. When used in an instruction, the symbol prefixes

 

an immediate value in immediate addressing mode.

addresses

In this manual, both internal and external addresses use the number

 

of hexadecimal digits that correspond with the number of available

 

address lines. For example, the highest possible internal address is

 

shown as FFFFFFH, while the highest possible external address is

 

shown as FFFFFH. When writing code, use the appropriate address

 

conventions for the software tool you are using. (In general,

 

assemblers require a zero preceding an alphabetic hexadecimal

 

character and an “H” following any hexadecimal value, so FFFFFFH

 

must be written as 0FFFFFFH. ANSI ‘C’ compilers require a zero

 

plus an “x” preceding a hexadecimal value, so FFFFFFH must be

 

written as 0xFFFFFF.) Consult the manual for your assembler or

 

compiler to determine its specific requirements.

assert and deassert

The terms assert and deassert refer to the act of making a signal

 

active (enabled) and inactive (disabled), respectively. The active

 

polarity (low or high) is defined by the signal name. Active-low

 

signals are designated by a pound symbol (#) suffix; active-high

 

signals have no suffix. To assert RD# is to drive it low; to assert ALE

 

is to drive it high; to deassert RD# is to drive it high; to deassert ALE

 

is to drive it low.

clear and set

The terms clear and set refer to the value of a bit or the act of giving

 

it a value. If a bit is clear, its value is “0”; clearing a bit gives it a “0”

 

value. If a bit is set, its value is “1”; setting a bit gives it a “1” value.

f

Lowercase “f” represents the internal operating frequency. See

 

“Internal Timing” on page 2-7 for details.

instructions

Instruction mnemonics are shown in upper case to avoid confusion.

 

In general, you may use either upper case or lower case when

 

programming. Consult the manual for your assembler or compiler to

 

determine its specific requirements.

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Intel 8XC196NP, 80C196NU, Microcontroller manual Notational Conventions and Terminology, Addresses

Microcontroller, 80C196NU, 8XC196NP specifications

The Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers are part of Intel's renowned 16-bit microcontroller series that gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s for embedded systems applications. Designed for a variety of applications, these microcontrollers are characterized by their robust performance, versatility, and industry-standard architecture.

The 8XC196NP features an enhanced instruction set with over 100 instructions, allowing for efficient code execution. It operates at clock speeds up to 16 MHz, which contributes to improved performance in time-sensitive applications. The microcontroller is equipped with a 16-bit data bus, enabling more efficient data handling compared to its 8-bit predecessors, thus accommodating complex algorithms and large data sets.

In terms of memory architecture, the 8XC196NP supports an addressable memory space of up to 64 KB of program memory and 64 KB of data memory. This configuration provides sufficient space for large applications while ensuring fast data access. The microcontroller includes integrated features such as timers, serial I/O capabilities, and interrupt processing, which enhance its functionality for real-time applications and control mechanisms.

The 80C196NU, on the other hand, is designed for lower power operation, making it suitable for battery-powered devices. This microcontroller maintains similar features to the 8XC196NP while offering advancements that support low-power consumption. The 80C196NU can also function in a range of temperature environments, making it adaptable for industrial applications.

Both the 8XC196NP and 80C196NU support external memory interfacing, allowing designers to expand the system's capability by connecting additional ROM and RAM. This flexibility makes them appealing for developing complex systems, such as motor controls, industrial automation, and consumer electronics.

Another standout feature of these microcontrollers is their built-in debugging capabilities. Intel provided hardware and software tools that enabled developers to test and troubleshoot their applications effectively, reducing the development time and increasing reliability.

Overall, the Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers stand out for their dependability, versatility, and performance, contributing significantly to the evolution of embedded system design. Their legacy continues to influence modern microcontroller technology, ensuring their relevance in a wide array of applications today.