INTERFACING WITH EXTERNAL MEMORY

 

Table 13-2. External Memory Interface Signals (Continued)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name

Type

 

 

Description

Multiplexed

 

 

With

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ALE

O

Address Latch Enable

 

 

This active-high output signal is asserted only during external

 

 

 

memory cycles. ALE signals the start of an external bus cycle and

 

 

 

indicates that valid address information is available on the system

 

 

 

address/data bus (A19:16 and AD15:0 for a multiplexed bus; A19:0

 

 

 

for a demultiplexed bus). ALE differs from ADV# in that it does not

 

 

 

remain active during the entire bus cycle.

 

 

 

An external latch can use this signal to demultiplex address bits 0–15

 

 

 

from the address/data bus in multiplexed mode.

 

 

 

 

 

BHE#

O

Byte High Enable

P5.5/WRH#

 

 

During 16-bit bus cycles, this active-low output signal is asserted for

 

 

 

word reads and writes and high-byte reads and writes to external

 

 

 

memory. BHE# indicates that valid data is being transferred over the

 

 

 

upper half of the system data bus. Use BHE#, in conjunction with A0,

 

 

 

to determine which memory byte is being transferred over the

 

 

 

system bus:

 

 

 

 

BHE#

A0

Byte(s) Accessed

 

 

 

0

0

both bytes

 

 

 

0

1

high byte only

 

 

 

1

0

low byte only

 

 

 

The chip configuration register 0 (CCR0) determines whether this

 

 

 

pin functions as BHE# or WRH#. CCR0.2 = 1 selects BHE#; CCR0.2

 

 

 

= 0 selects WRH#.

 

 

 

 

 

 

BREQ#

O

Bus Request

 

P2.3

 

 

This active-low output signal is asserted during a hold cycle when

 

 

 

the bus controller has a pending external memory cycle.

 

 

 

The device can assert BREQ# at the same time as or after it asserts

 

 

 

HLDA#. Once it is asserted, BREQ# remains asserted until HOLD#

 

 

 

is removed.

 

 

 

 

You must enable the bus-hold protocol before using this signal (see

 

 

 

“Enabling the Bus-hold Protocol” on page 13-32).

 

 

 

 

 

 

CLKOUT

O

Clock Output

 

P2.7

 

 

Output of the internal clock generator. The CLKOUT frequency is ½

 

 

 

the internal operating frequency (f). CLKOUT has a 50% duty cycle.

 

 

 

 

 

CS5:0#

O

Chip-select Lines 0–5

P3.5:0

 

 

The active-low output CSx# is asserted during an external memory

 

 

 

cycle when the address to be accessed is in the range programmed

 

 

 

for chip select x. If the external memory address is outside the range

 

 

 

assigned to the six chip selects, no chip-select output is asserted

 

 

 

and the bus configuration defaults to the CS5# values.

 

 

 

Immediately following reset, CS0# is automatically assigned to the

 

 

 

range FF2000–FF20FFH (F2000–F20FFH if external).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13-3

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Intel Microcontroller, 80C196NU, 8XC196NP manual Description Multiplexed With, Ale, Bhe#, Bytes Accessed

Microcontroller, 80C196NU, 8XC196NP specifications

The Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers are part of Intel's renowned 16-bit microcontroller series that gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s for embedded systems applications. Designed for a variety of applications, these microcontrollers are characterized by their robust performance, versatility, and industry-standard architecture.

The 8XC196NP features an enhanced instruction set with over 100 instructions, allowing for efficient code execution. It operates at clock speeds up to 16 MHz, which contributes to improved performance in time-sensitive applications. The microcontroller is equipped with a 16-bit data bus, enabling more efficient data handling compared to its 8-bit predecessors, thus accommodating complex algorithms and large data sets.

In terms of memory architecture, the 8XC196NP supports an addressable memory space of up to 64 KB of program memory and 64 KB of data memory. This configuration provides sufficient space for large applications while ensuring fast data access. The microcontroller includes integrated features such as timers, serial I/O capabilities, and interrupt processing, which enhance its functionality for real-time applications and control mechanisms.

The 80C196NU, on the other hand, is designed for lower power operation, making it suitable for battery-powered devices. This microcontroller maintains similar features to the 8XC196NP while offering advancements that support low-power consumption. The 80C196NU can also function in a range of temperature environments, making it adaptable for industrial applications.

Both the 8XC196NP and 80C196NU support external memory interfacing, allowing designers to expand the system's capability by connecting additional ROM and RAM. This flexibility makes them appealing for developing complex systems, such as motor controls, industrial automation, and consumer electronics.

Another standout feature of these microcontrollers is their built-in debugging capabilities. Intel provided hardware and software tools that enabled developers to test and troubleshoot their applications effectively, reducing the development time and increasing reliability.

Overall, the Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers stand out for their dependability, versatility, and performance, contributing significantly to the evolution of embedded system design. Their legacy continues to influence modern microcontroller technology, ensuring their relevance in a wide array of applications today.