8XC196NP, 80C196NU USER’S MANUAL

Table 10-2. EPA Control and Status Registers (Continued)

Mnemonic

Address

Description

 

 

 

P1_MODE

1FD0H

Port 1 Mode

 

 

Each bit of P1_MODE controls whether the corresponding pin

 

 

functions as a standard I/O port pin or as a special-function

 

 

signal. Setting a bit configures a pin as a special-function signal;

 

 

clearing a bit configures a pin as a standard I/O port pin.

P1_PIN

1FD6H

Port 1 Input

 

 

Each bit of P1_PIN reflects the current state of the corresponding

 

 

pin, regardless of the pin configuration.

P1_REG

1FD4H

Port 1 Data Output

 

 

For an input, set the corresponding P1_REG bit.

 

 

For an output, write the data to be driven out by each pin to the

 

 

corresponding bit of P1_REG. When a pin is configured as

 

 

standard I/O (P1_MODE.y = 0), the result of a CPU write to

 

 

Px_REG is immediately visible on the pin. When a pin is

 

 

configured as a special-function signal (P1_MODE.y = 1), the

 

 

associated on-chip peripheral or off-chip component controls the

 

 

pin. The CPU can still write to P1_REG, but the pin is unaffected

 

 

until it is switched back to its standard I/O function.

 

 

This feature allows software to configure a pin as standard I/O

 

 

(clear P1_MODE.y), initialize or overwrite the pin value, then

 

 

configure the pin as a special-function signal (set P1_MODE.y). In

 

 

this way, initialization, fault recovery, exception handling, etc., can

 

 

be done without changing the operation of the associated

 

 

peripheral.

T1CONTROL

1F90H

Timer 1 Control

 

 

This register enables/disables timer 1, controls whether it counts

 

 

up or down, selects the clock source and direction, and

 

 

determines the clock prescaler setting.

T2CONTROL

1F94H

Timer 2 Control

 

 

This register enables/disables timer 2, controls whether it counts

 

 

up or down, selects the clock source and direction, and

 

 

determines the clock prescaler setting.

TIMER1

1F92H

Timer 1 Value

 

 

This register contains the current value of timer 1.

TIMER2

1F96H

Timer 2 Value

 

 

This register contains the current value of timer 2.

10-4

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Intel 80C196NU, 8XC196NP, Microcontroller manual TIMER1, TIMER2

Microcontroller, 80C196NU, 8XC196NP specifications

The Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers are part of Intel's renowned 16-bit microcontroller series that gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s for embedded systems applications. Designed for a variety of applications, these microcontrollers are characterized by their robust performance, versatility, and industry-standard architecture.

The 8XC196NP features an enhanced instruction set with over 100 instructions, allowing for efficient code execution. It operates at clock speeds up to 16 MHz, which contributes to improved performance in time-sensitive applications. The microcontroller is equipped with a 16-bit data bus, enabling more efficient data handling compared to its 8-bit predecessors, thus accommodating complex algorithms and large data sets.

In terms of memory architecture, the 8XC196NP supports an addressable memory space of up to 64 KB of program memory and 64 KB of data memory. This configuration provides sufficient space for large applications while ensuring fast data access. The microcontroller includes integrated features such as timers, serial I/O capabilities, and interrupt processing, which enhance its functionality for real-time applications and control mechanisms.

The 80C196NU, on the other hand, is designed for lower power operation, making it suitable for battery-powered devices. This microcontroller maintains similar features to the 8XC196NP while offering advancements that support low-power consumption. The 80C196NU can also function in a range of temperature environments, making it adaptable for industrial applications.

Both the 8XC196NP and 80C196NU support external memory interfacing, allowing designers to expand the system's capability by connecting additional ROM and RAM. This flexibility makes them appealing for developing complex systems, such as motor controls, industrial automation, and consumer electronics.

Another standout feature of these microcontrollers is their built-in debugging capabilities. Intel provided hardware and software tools that enabled developers to test and troubleshoot their applications effectively, reducing the development time and increasing reliability.

Overall, the Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers stand out for their dependability, versatility, and performance, contributing significantly to the evolution of embedded system design. Their legacy continues to influence modern microcontroller technology, ensuring their relevance in a wide array of applications today.