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Intel 8XC196NP LONG-INTEGER Operands, QUAD-WORD Operands, Converting Operands, Conditional Jumps

Models: Microcontroller 80C196NU 8XC196NP

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8XC196NP, 80C196NU USER’S MANUAL

4.1.7LONG-INTEGER Operands

A LONG-INTEGER is a 32-bit, signed variable that can take on values from –2,147,483,648 (– 2 31) through +2,147,483,647 (+231–1). The architecture directly supports LONG-INTEGER operands only as the operand in shift operations, as the dividend in 32-by-16 divide operations, and as the product of 16-by-16 multiply operations. For these operations, a LONG-INTEGER variable must reside in the lower register file and must be aligned at an address that is evenly di- visible by four. The address of a LONG-INTEGER is that of its least-significant byte (the even byte address).

LONG-INTEGER operations that are not directly supported can be easily implemented with two INTEGER operations. See the example in “DOUBLE-WORD Operands” on page 4-3.

4.1.8QUAD-WORD Operands

AQUAD-WORD is a 64-bit, unsigned variable that can take on values from 0 through 264–1. The architecture directly supports the QUAD-WORD operand only as the operand of the EB- MOVI instruction. For this operation, the QUAD-WORD variable must reside in the lower reg- ister file and must be aligned at an address that is evenly divisible by eight.

4.1.9 Converting Operands

The instruction set supports conversions between the operand types. The LDBZE (load byte, zero extended) instruction converts a BYTE to a WORD. CLR (clear) converts a WORD to a DOUBLE-WORD by clearing (writing zeros to) the upper WORD of the DOUBLE-WORD. LDBSE (load byte, sign extended) converts a SHORT-INTEGER into an INTEGER. EXT (sign extend) converts an INTEGER to a LONG-INTEGER.

4.1.10 Conditional Jumps

The instructions for addition, subtraction, and comparison do not distinguish between unsigned (BYTE, WORD) and signed (SHORT-INTEGER, INTEGER) operands. However, the condition- al jump instructions allow you to treat the results of these operations as signed or unsigned quan- tities. For example, the CMP (compare) instruction is used to compare both signed and unsigned 16-bit quantities. Following a compare operation, you can use the JH (jump if higher) instruction for unsigned operands or the JGT (jump if greater than) instruction for signed operands.

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Intel 8XC196NP, 80C196NU, Microcontroller LONG-INTEGER Operands, QUAD-WORD Operands, Converting Operands, Conditional Jumps
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Microcontroller, 80C196NU, 8XC196NP specifications

The Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers are part of Intel's renowned 16-bit microcontroller series that gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s for embedded systems applications. Designed for a variety of applications, these microcontrollers are characterized by their robust performance, versatility, and industry-standard architecture.

The 8XC196NP features an enhanced instruction set with over 100 instructions, allowing for efficient code execution. It operates at clock speeds up to 16 MHz, which contributes to improved performance in time-sensitive applications. The microcontroller is equipped with a 16-bit data bus, enabling more efficient data handling compared to its 8-bit predecessors, thus accommodating complex algorithms and large data sets.

In terms of memory architecture, the 8XC196NP supports an addressable memory space of up to 64 KB of program memory and 64 KB of data memory. This configuration provides sufficient space for large applications while ensuring fast data access. The microcontroller includes integrated features such as timers, serial I/O capabilities, and interrupt processing, which enhance its functionality for real-time applications and control mechanisms.

The 80C196NU, on the other hand, is designed for lower power operation, making it suitable for battery-powered devices. This microcontroller maintains similar features to the 8XC196NP while offering advancements that support low-power consumption. The 80C196NU can also function in a range of temperature environments, making it adaptable for industrial applications.

Both the 8XC196NP and 80C196NU support external memory interfacing, allowing designers to expand the system's capability by connecting additional ROM and RAM. This flexibility makes them appealing for developing complex systems, such as motor controls, industrial automation, and consumer electronics.

Another standout feature of these microcontrollers is their built-in debugging capabilities. Intel provided hardware and software tools that enabled developers to test and troubleshoot their applications effectively, reducing the development time and increasing reliability.

Overall, the Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers stand out for their dependability, versatility, and performance, contributing significantly to the evolution of embedded system design. Their legacy continues to influence modern microcontroller technology, ensuring their relevance in a wide array of applications today.