8XC196NP, 80C196NU USER’S MANUAL

Table A-5 defines the variables that are used in Table A-6 to represent the instruction operands.

Table A-5. Operand Variables

Variable

 

Description

 

 

 

aa

A 2-bit field within an opcode that selects the basic addressing mode used. This field is present

 

only in those opcodes that allow addressing mode options. The field is encoded as follows:

 

00 register-direct

01 immediate

10 indirect

11 indexed

baop

A byte operand that is addressed by any addressing mode.

 

bbb

A 3-bit field within an opcode that selects a specific bit within a register.

 

bitno

A 3-bit field within an opcode that selects one of the eight bits in a byte.

 

breg

A byte register in the internal register file. When it could be unclear whether this variable refers

 

to a source or a destination register, it is prefixed with an S or a D. The value must be in the

 

range of 00–FFH.

 

 

 

cadd

An address in the program code.

 

 

Dbreg

A byte register in the lower register file that serves as the destination of the instruction

 

operation.

 

 

 

disp

Displacement. The distance between the end of an instruction and the target label.

Dlreg

A 32-bit register in the lower register file that serves as the destination of the instruction

 

operation. Must be aligned on an address that is evenly divisible by 4. The value must be in the

 

range of 00–FCH.

 

 

 

Dwreg

A word register in the lower register file that serves as the destination of the instruction

 

operation. Must be aligned on an address that is evenly divisible by 2. The value must be in the

 

range of 00–FEH.

 

 

 

lreg

A 32-bit register in the lower register file. Must be aligned on an address that is evenly divisible

 

by 4. The value must be in the range of 00–FCH.

 

 

ptr2_reg

A double-pointer register, used with the EBMOVI instruction. Must be aligned on an address

 

that is evenly divisible by 8. The value must be in the range of 00–F8H.

 

preg

A pointer register. Must be aligned on an address that is evenly divisible by 4. The value must

 

be in the range of 00–FCH.

 

 

 

Sbreg

A byte register in the lower register file that serves as the source of the instruction operation.

Slreg

A 32-bit register in the lower register file that serves as the source of the instruction operation.

 

Must be aligned on an address that is evenly divisible by 4. The value must be in the range of

 

00–FCH.

 

 

 

Swreg

A word register in the lower register file that serves as the source of the instruction operation.

 

Must be aligned on an address that is evenly divisible by 2. The value must be in the range of

 

00–FEH.

 

 

 

treg

A 24-bit register in the lower register file. Must be aligned on an address that is evenly divisible

 

by 4. The value must be in the range of 00–FCH.

 

 

waop

A word operand that is addressed by any addressing mode.

 

w2_reg

A double-word register in the lower register file. Must be aligned on an address that is evenly

 

divisible by 4. The value must be in the range of 00–FCH. Although w2_reg is similar to lreg,

 

there is a distinction: w2_reg consists of two halves, each containing a 16-bit address; lreg is

 

indivisible and contains a 32-bit number.

 

 

wreg

A word register in the lower register file. When it could be unclear whether this variable refers

 

to a source or a destination register, it is prefixed with an S or a D. Must be aligned on an

 

address that is evenly divisible by 2. The value must be in the range of 00–FEH.

xxx

The three high-order bits of displacement.

 

 

The D or S prefix is used only when it could be unclear whether a variable refers to a destination or a source register.

A-6

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Intel Microcontroller, 80C196NU, 8XC196NP manual Table A-5. Operand Variables, Variable Description

Microcontroller, 80C196NU, 8XC196NP specifications

The Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers are part of Intel's renowned 16-bit microcontroller series that gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s for embedded systems applications. Designed for a variety of applications, these microcontrollers are characterized by their robust performance, versatility, and industry-standard architecture.

The 8XC196NP features an enhanced instruction set with over 100 instructions, allowing for efficient code execution. It operates at clock speeds up to 16 MHz, which contributes to improved performance in time-sensitive applications. The microcontroller is equipped with a 16-bit data bus, enabling more efficient data handling compared to its 8-bit predecessors, thus accommodating complex algorithms and large data sets.

In terms of memory architecture, the 8XC196NP supports an addressable memory space of up to 64 KB of program memory and 64 KB of data memory. This configuration provides sufficient space for large applications while ensuring fast data access. The microcontroller includes integrated features such as timers, serial I/O capabilities, and interrupt processing, which enhance its functionality for real-time applications and control mechanisms.

The 80C196NU, on the other hand, is designed for lower power operation, making it suitable for battery-powered devices. This microcontroller maintains similar features to the 8XC196NP while offering advancements that support low-power consumption. The 80C196NU can also function in a range of temperature environments, making it adaptable for industrial applications.

Both the 8XC196NP and 80C196NU support external memory interfacing, allowing designers to expand the system's capability by connecting additional ROM and RAM. This flexibility makes them appealing for developing complex systems, such as motor controls, industrial automation, and consumer electronics.

Another standout feature of these microcontrollers is their built-in debugging capabilities. Intel provided hardware and software tools that enabled developers to test and troubleshoot their applications effectively, reducing the development time and increasing reliability.

Overall, the Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers stand out for their dependability, versatility, and performance, contributing significantly to the evolution of embedded system design. Their legacy continues to influence modern microcontroller technology, ensuring their relevance in a wide array of applications today.