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Intel Microcontroller, 80C196NU, 8XC196NP manual Floating Point Operations, Extended Instructions

Models: Microcontroller 80C196NU 8XC196NP

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PROGRAMMING CONSIDERATIONS

4.1.11 Floating Point Operations

The hardware does not directly support operations on REAL (floating point) variables. Those op- erations are supported by floating point libraries from third-party tool vendors. (See the Develop- ment Tools Handbook.) The performance of these operations is significantly improved by the NORML instruction and by the sticky bit (ST) flag in the processor status word (PSW). The NORML instruction normalizes a 32-bit variable; the sticky bit (ST) flag can be used in conjunc- tion with the carry (C) flag to achieve finer resolution in rounding.

4.1.12 Extended Instructions

This section briefly describes the instructions that have been added to enable code execution and data access anywhere in the 1-Mbyte address space.

NOTE

In 1-Mbyte mode, ECALL, LCALL, and SCALL always push two words onto the stack; therefore, a RET must always pop two words from the stack. Because of the extra push and pop operations, interrupt routines and subroutines take slightly longer to execute in 1-Mbyte mode than in 64-Kbyte mode.

EBMOVI

Extended interruptable block move. Moves a block of word data from one

 

memory location to another. This instruction allows you to move blocks of up to

 

64K words between any two locations in the address space. It uses two 24-bit

 

autoincrementing pointers and a 16-bit counter.

EBR

Extended branch. This instruction is an unconditional indirect jump to

 

anywhere in the address space. It functions only in extended addressing modes.

ECALL

Extended call. This instruction is an unconditional relative call to anywhere in

 

the address space. It functions only in extended addressing modes.

EJMP

Extended jump. This instruction is an unconditional, relative jump to anywhere

 

in the address space. It functions only in extended addressing modes.

ELD

Extended load word. Loads the value of the source word operand into the

 

destination operand. This instruction allows you to move data from anywhere in

 

the address space into the lower register file. It operates in extended indirect and

 

extended indexed modes.

ELDB

Extended load byte. Loads the value of the source byte operand into the

 

destination operand. This instruction allows you to move data from anywhere in

 

the address space into the lower register file. It operates in extended indirect and

 

extended indexed modes.

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Intel Microcontroller, 80C196NU, 8XC196NP manual Floating Point Operations, Extended Instructions
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Microcontroller, 80C196NU, 8XC196NP specifications

The Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers are part of Intel's renowned 16-bit microcontroller series that gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s for embedded systems applications. Designed for a variety of applications, these microcontrollers are characterized by their robust performance, versatility, and industry-standard architecture.

The 8XC196NP features an enhanced instruction set with over 100 instructions, allowing for efficient code execution. It operates at clock speeds up to 16 MHz, which contributes to improved performance in time-sensitive applications. The microcontroller is equipped with a 16-bit data bus, enabling more efficient data handling compared to its 8-bit predecessors, thus accommodating complex algorithms and large data sets.

In terms of memory architecture, the 8XC196NP supports an addressable memory space of up to 64 KB of program memory and 64 KB of data memory. This configuration provides sufficient space for large applications while ensuring fast data access. The microcontroller includes integrated features such as timers, serial I/O capabilities, and interrupt processing, which enhance its functionality for real-time applications and control mechanisms.

The 80C196NU, on the other hand, is designed for lower power operation, making it suitable for battery-powered devices. This microcontroller maintains similar features to the 8XC196NP while offering advancements that support low-power consumption. The 80C196NU can also function in a range of temperature environments, making it adaptable for industrial applications.

Both the 8XC196NP and 80C196NU support external memory interfacing, allowing designers to expand the system's capability by connecting additional ROM and RAM. This flexibility makes them appealing for developing complex systems, such as motor controls, industrial automation, and consumer electronics.

Another standout feature of these microcontrollers is their built-in debugging capabilities. Intel provided hardware and software tools that enabled developers to test and troubleshoot their applications effectively, reducing the development time and increasing reliability.

Overall, the Intel 8XC196NP and 80C196NU microcontrollers stand out for their dependability, versatility, and performance, contributing significantly to the evolution of embedded system design. Their legacy continues to influence modern microcontroller technology, ensuring their relevance in a wide array of applications today.