Glossary

Reserved

A field in a control register or instruction format is reserved if the field is to be defined by the

 

implementation, or produces Unpredictable results if the contents of the field are not zero. These

 

fields are reserved for use in future extensions of the architecture or are

 

implementation-specific. All reserved bits not used by the implementation must be written as 0

 

and are to be read as 0.

Rounding mode

The IEEE 754 standard requires all calculations to be performed as if to an infinite precision.

 

For example, a multiply of two single-precision values must accurately calculate the significand

 

to twice the number of bits of the significand. To represent this value in the destination

 

precision, rounding of the significand is often required. The IEEE 754 standard specifies four

 

rounding modes.

 

In round-to-nearest mode, the result is rounded at the halfway point, with the tie case rounding

 

up if it would clear the least significant bit of the significand, making it even.

 

Round-towards-zero mode chops any bits to the right of the significand, always rounding down,

 

and is used by the C, C++, and Java languages in integer conversions.

 

Round-towards-plus-infinity mode and round-towards-minus-infinity mode are used in interval

 

arithmetic.

Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)

The register that holds the CPSR of the task immediately before the exception occurred that caused the switch to the current mode.

SBO

See Should Be One.

SBZ

See Should Be Zero.

Scan chain

See Boundary scan chain.

Set

See Cache set.

Set-associative cache

In a set-associative cache, lines can only be placed in the cache in locations that correspond to

 

 

the modulo division of the memory address by the number of sets. If there are n ways in a cache,

 

the cache is termed n-way set-associative. The set-associativity can be any number greater than

 

or equal to 1 and is not restricted to being a power of two.

Short vector operation

An operation involving more than one destination register and perhaps more than one source

 

 

register in the generation of the result for each destination.

Should Be One (SBO)

Should be written as 1 (or all 1s for bit fields) by software. Writing a 0 produces Unpredictable

 

 

results.

Should Be Zero (SBZ)

Should be written as 0 (or all 0s for bit fields) by software. Writing a 1 produces Unpredictable

 

 

results.

Should Be Zero or Preserved (SBZP)

Should be written as 0 (or all 0s for bit fields) by software, or preserved by writing the same value back that has been previously read from the same field on the same processor.

Significand

The component of a binary floating-point number that consists of an explicit or implicit leading

 

bit to the left of the implied binary point and a fraction field to the right.

SPSR

See Saved Program Status Register

ARM DDI 0363E

Copyright © 2009 ARM Limited. All rights reserved.

Glossary-12

ID013010

Non-Confidential, Unrestricted Access

 

Page 453
Image 453
ARM R4F, r1p3 manual See Should Be One, See Should Be Zero, See Boundary scan chain, See Cache set, Results