ARM R4F, r1p3 manual Reset, Interrupts, Interrupt request

Programmer’s Model

Because SVC handlers are always expected to return after the SVC instruction, the IT execution state bits are automatically advanced when an exception is taken prior to copying the CPSR into the SPSR.

2.8.2Reset

When the nRESET signal is driven LOW a reset occurs, and the processor abandons the executing instruction.

When nRESET is driven HIGH again the processor:

1.Forces CPSR M[4:0] to b10011 (Supervisor mode) and sets the A, I, and F bits in the CPSR. The E bit is set based on the state of the CFGEE pin. Other bits in the CPSR are indeterminate.

2.Forces the PC to fetch the next instruction from the reset vector address.

3.Reverts to ARM state or Thumb state depending on the state of the TEINIT pin, and resumes execution.

After reset, all register values except the PC and CPSR are indeterminate.

See Chapter 3 Processor Initialization, Resets, and Clocking for more information on the reset behavior for the processor.

2.8.3Interrupts

The processor has two interrupt inputs, for normal interrupts (nIRQ) and fast interrupts (nFIQ). Each interrupt pin, when asserted and not masked, causes the processor to take the appropriate type of interrupt exception. See Exceptions on page 2-16for more information. The CPSR.F and CPSR.I bits control masking of fast and normal interrupts respectively.

A number of features exist to improve the interrupt latency, that is, the time taken between the assertion of the interrupt input and the execution of the interrupt handler. By default, the processor uses the Low Interrupt Latency (LIL) behaviors introduced in version 6 and later of the ARM Architecture. The processor also has a port for connection of a Vectored Interrupt Controller (VIC), and supports Non-Maskable Fast Interrupts (NMFI).

The following subsections describe interrupts:

•Interrupt request

•Fast interrupt request on page 2-19

•Non-maskable fast interrupts on page 2-19

•Low interrupt latency on page 2-19

•Interrupt controller on page 2-20.

Interrupt request

The IRQ exception is a normal interrupt caused by a LOW level on the nIRQ input. An IRQ has a lower priority than an FIQ, and is masked on entry to an FIQ sequence. You must ensure that the nIRQ input is held LOW until the processor acknowledges the interrupt request, either from the VIC interface or the software handler.

Irrespective of whether the exception is taken from ARM state or Thumb state, an IRQ handler returns from the interrupt by executing:

SUBS PC, R14_irq, #4

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