Glossary

Unsupported values

Specific data values that are not processed by the hardware but bounced to the support code for

 

completion. These data can include infinities, NaNs, subnormal values, and zeros. An

 

implementation is free to select which of these values is supported in hardware fully or partially,

 

or requires assistance from support code to complete the operation. Any exception resulting

 

from processing unsupported data is trapped to user code if the corresponding exception enable

 

bit for the exception is set.

Victim

A cache line, selected to be discarded to make room for a replacement cache line that is required

 

as a result of a cache miss. The way in which the victim is selected for eviction is

 

processor-specific. A victim is also known as a cast out.

Warm reset

Also known as a core reset. Initializes the majority of the processor excluding the debug

 

controller and debug logic. This type of reset is useful if you are using the debugging features

 

of a processor.

Watchpoint

A watchpoint is a mechanism provided by debuggers to halt program execution when the data

 

contained by a particular memory address is changed. Watchpoints are inserted by the

 

programmer to enable inspection of register contents, memory locations, and variable values

 

when memory is written to test that the program is operating correctly. Watchpoints are removed

 

after the program is successfully tested. See also Breakpoint.

Way

See Cache way.

WB

See Write-back.

Word

A 32-bit data item.

Word-invariant

In a word-invariant system, the address of each byte of memory changes when switching

 

between little-endian and big-endian operation, in such a way that the byte with address A in

 

one endianness has address A EOR 3 in the other endianness. As a result, each aligned word of

 

memory always consists of the same four bytes of memory in the same order, regardless of

 

endianness. The change of endianness occurs because of the change to the byte addresses, not

 

because the bytes are rearranged. The ARM architecture supports word-invariant systems in

 

ARMv3 and later versions. When word-invariant support is selected, the behavior of load or

 

store instructions that are given unaligned addresses is instruction-specific, and is in general not

 

the expected behavior for an unaligned access.

 

See also Byte-invariant.

Write

Writes are defined as operations that have the semantics of a store. That is, the ARM instructions

 

SRS, STM, STRD, STC, STRT, STRH, STRB, STRBT, STREX, SWP, and SWPB, and the Thumb instructions STM,

 

STR, STRH, STRB, and PUSH.

Write-back (WB)

In a write-back cache, data is only written to main memory when it is forced out of the cache on

 

line replacement following a cache miss. Otherwise, writes by the processor only update the

 

cache. Also known as copyback.

Write buffer

A block of high-speed memory, arranged as a FIFO buffer, between the data cache and main

 

memory, whose purpose is to optimize stores to main memory.

Write completion

The memory system indicates to the processor that a write has been completed at a point in the

 

transaction where the memory system is able to guarantee that the effect of the write is visible

 

to all processors in the system. This is not the case if the write is associated with a memory

 

synchronization primitive, or is to a Device or Strongly Ordered region. In these cases the

 

memory system might only indicate completion of the write when the access has affected the

 

state of the target, unless it is impossible to distinguish between having the effect of the write

 

visible and having the state of target updated. This stricter requirement for some types of

 

memory ensures that any side-effects of the memory access can be guaranteed by the processor

 

to have taken place. You can use this to prevent the starting of a subsequent operation in the

 

program order until the side-effects are visible.

ARM DDI 0363E

Copyright © 2009 ARM Limited. All rights reserved.

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ARM r1p3, R4F manual Bit for the exception is set, Processor-specific. a victim is also known as a cast out, A processor