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Intel 386 manual Performance Considerations

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Thermal Characteristics Lattice Diagram READY# Signal Timing Logic Delay Operating Mode Configurations Reset Simplest Diagnostic Program Resolution Power and Ground Planes Domestic Service Offices

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Performance Considerations 4

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Intel 386 manual Performance Considerations

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Contents

Page Current Handbooks Infel Canada Literature Order Form Name Company ~ Address City State ZIP Country International Literature Order Form Microprocessor Hardware Reference Manual Intel Corporation 1986 CG-072391 Customer Support Intels Complete Support Solution WorldwidePage Related Publications Preface Organization of this Manual Preface Page Table of Contents Chapter Performance Considerations Chapter Cache Subsystems Chapter Table of Contents Chapter Physical Design and Debugging Figures Figures In.teI System Overview Page Microprocessor Chapter System Overview Lntel386 OX Microprocessor System Block Diagram Micro Channel-Compatible Solution with 82311 Chip Set Integrated System Peripheral Coprocessors Cache Controller Eisa Chip SET LAN Coprocessor Clock Generator8086/80286 Family Components Intel Programmable Logic Devices Internal Architecture Page Chapter Internal Architecture BUS Interface Unit Code Prefetch UnitInstruction Decode Unit =i m Execution Unit Segmentation UnitPaging Unit Local Bus Interface Page Chapter Local BUS Interface BUS Operations Bus States Summary of Intel386 OX Microprocessor Signal Pins ClK2and ClK Relationship CLK2 nIUrL1lrtn-rtn-rtn-rtn-rtn-rtfLrtn-n.rurL1l 3 32-Bit Data Bus Transfers and Operand Alignment Address Pipelining Local BUS Interface Consecutive Bytes in Hardware Implementation Possible Data Transfers to 32-Bit Memory Misaligned Transfer Read Cycle Non-Pipelined Address Read Cycles Pipelined Address Cycle Write Cycle Non-Pipelined Address Write Cycles ~~r-...............-r--+-----r-------r-.......~---f\j~~ Interrupt Acknowledge Cycle Halt/Shutdown Cycle JUlrutrutrulrutrutrutillh.Ilrutruln.n 9 8516 Cycle 13 compares the signals for 32-bit and 16-bit bus cycles 10 i6-Bit Byte Enables and Operand Alignment 13 -Bit and 16-Bit Bus Cycle Timing DIS-DO LOCALBU51NTERFACE BUS Timing READY# Signal Timing Clock Timing Clock Generation 16.Clock Generator Crystal Oscillator Clock Generator 17. ADS# Synchronizer Interrupts Non-Maskable Interrupt NMI Interrupt Latency Maskable Interrupt Intr Locked Cycle Activators BUS Lock Locked Cycle Timing EJj HOLD/HLDA Hold Acknowledge LOCK# Signal Duration HOLD/HLDA Timing Hold Signal Latency Intel386 OX Microprocessor Internal States ResetReset Timing Hold State Pin Conditions RES# ~----------5S 5 mml Performance Considerations Page Wait States and Pipelining Chapter Performance Considerations Wait States Performance versus Wait States and Operating Frequency Page Coprocessor Hardware Interface Page Chapter Coprocessor Hardware Interface Intel387 OX Math Coprocessor Connections Intel387 OX Math Coprocessor Interface InteI386OX CPU System with Intel387MOX Math Coprocessor Intel387 OX Math Coprocessor Clock Input Intel387 OX Math Coprocessor Bus Cycles CLK2 Local BUS Activity with the Intel387 OX Math Coprocessor 80287/lnte1387 OX Math Coprocessor Recognition Hardware Recognition of the NPXSoftware Recognition of the NPX Software Routine to Reco.gnize the Coprocessor Coprocessor .HARDWARE Interface Memory Interfacing Page Chapter Memory Interfacing Memory Speed Versus Performance and CostBasic Memory Interface TTL Devices Flb Common Logic Families PLD Devices Memory Interfacing =8= Address Decoder Address Latch Bus Control Logic Data Transceiver ~~Y Eprom Interface Nanosecond Eprom Timing Diagram 8 16-Bit Interface Interleaved Memory Dynamic RAM Dram Interface Dram Memory Performance Dram Memory Performance 3.1 3-ClK Dram CONTROllER Dram Controller IIII~ DRAMP2 Memory Interfacing ~1\ ClK Y Y \JY Dram Timing Analysis Logic Delay = 50 30 6 + + 3 + Avoiding Data BUS Contention Control Signal Timings Logic Paths Dram Design Variations Using TAP Delay Lines Refresh Cycles 5.2 BUR&T Refresh Initialization Cache Subsystems Page Cache Memory System Chapter Cache Subsystems Introduction to Caches Program LocalityBlock Fetch Fully Associative Cache Cache Organizations Direct Mapped Cache Direct Mapped Cache Organization Set Associative Cache Cache Subsystems Cache Updating Write-Through SystemBuffered Write-Through System 3B6oOX CPU -u Write-Back System Bus Watching Cache Coherency Hardware Transparency Efficiency and Performance Non-Cacheable Memory Cache and DMA Cache ExampleExample Design Example Cache Memory Organization Example of Cache Memory Organization Bus Structure with 11. Intel386 OX Microprocessor/82385 System Bus Structure 2 82385/lnte1386 OX Microprocessor Interface 12. Intel386 OX Microprocessor/82385 Interface 2.3 82385 System Configuration Inputs 13.Direct Mapped Cache without Data Buffers 3 82385 Cache Organiza~ion ~~~~----------~~ 74AS~~ x~- ~ CWEB# Write Cycles Special Design Notes System Interface Cache Subsystems Page Interfacing Page Chapters Interfacing I/O Mapping Versus Memory Mapping8-BIT, 16-BIT, and 32-BIT I/O Interfaces 2 8-Bit I/O Address Decoding Interfacing Basic I/O Interface 3 16-Bit I/O4 32-Bit I/O Linear Chip Selects Address Latch ~ #1 TTT 111tJI Timing Analysis for I/O Operations \.LI,1l Xcvr. prop Min 1 8274 Serial Controller Basic I/O Examples 2 82380 Programmable Interrupt Controller 3 8259A Interrupt Controller #- IRS Cascaded Interrupt Controllers 80286-COMPATIBLE BUS Cycles 1 AO/A1 Generator 2 SO#/S1 # Generator O21 DIC. --t-~=r-\---+---.J Bus Controller and Bus Arbiter 6 82586 LAN Coprocessor 5 82380 Integrated System Peripheral ·13. Intel386 OX Microprocessor/82380 Interface 14. LAN Station Dedicated CPU Decou Pled DUAL-PORT Memory Coupled DUAL-PORT Memory 17. Shared Bus Interface MULTIBUSland9 Intel386 ox Microprocessor Page Multi BUS I and Intel386 DX Microprocessor Chapter Address Latches and Data Transceivers Multibus I Interface Example BUS ·2. Multibus I Address Latches and Data Transceivers Wait-State Generator Wait-State Generator Logic BUSY# Ex L-lLS Pcb Timing Analysis of Multibus I Interface 2 82289 Operating Modes Priority Resolution Bus Priority Resolution Operating Mode Configurations Multibus I Locked Cycles Other Multibus I Design ConsiderationsInterrupt-Acknowledge on Multibus Byte Swapping during Multibus I Byte Transfers »-+-J¢l~~~ ALE~ Bus Timeout Function for Multibus I Accesses Multibus I Power Failure Handling ~----I~ Avoiding Deadlock with Dual-Port RAM DUAL-PORT RAM with Multibus MUL Tibus II Intel386 OX Microprocessor Page Parallel System BUS iPSB Multibus II Standard Shows how the timing of these cycles overlap IPSB Bus Cycle Timing IPSB Bus Interface IPSe Interface 10-5 MIC Signals Serial System BUS iSSB Local BUS Extension iLBXPage Physical Design Page Power Dissipation and Distribution Chapter Physical Design and DebuggingGeneral Design Guidelines Power and Ground Planes EMI, which will be discussed in Section Decoupling Capacitors Roo GNO Sx/1 Physical Design and Debugging High Frequency Design Considerations ~O~ Transmission Line Effects +1~ +~---------Dielectric Impedance Mismatch ~~---T-ime---~--~~~= 10. Loaded Transmission Line + TI Vst-tpd2L-xHt-tpd 2L-x + TITs Vst-tpd2L+x Ht-tpd2L+x 11. Lattice Diagram ~.-----..-.r Tpo 3.02 Need for Termination NVv Thevenins Equivalent Termination ·15. Thevenins Equivalent Circuit 1111 Impedance Matching Example Daisy Chaining 20. Daisy Chaining Interference Electromagnetic Interference CROSS-TALK 22. Typical Layout 23. Closed Loop Signal Paths are Undesirable Propagation Delay LATCH-UP Clock ConsiderationsRequirements ·24. Typical Intel386 DX Microprocessor Clock Circuit Routing Physical Design and Debugging 27. Star Connectipn Thermal Characteristics Debugging Considerations Hardware Debugging Features Bus Interface Ffffo Simplest Diagnostic Program Building and Debugging a System Incrementally Other Simple Diagnostic Software EQU Debugging Hints 30. Object Code for Diagnostic Program Test Capabilities Page Chapter Test Capabilities Internal TestsAutomatic Self-Test TLR Translation Lookaside Buffer Tests Bit Name Definition Test Capabilities BOARD..LEVEL Tests Page Local Bus Control PLD Descriptions Page Appendix a Local BUS Control PLD Descriptions IOPLD1 FunctionsIOPLD2 Functions PLD Equations Figure A-1. IOPLD1Equations Figure A-1. IOPLD1 Equations Contd Figure A·1. IOPLD1 Equations Contd IIIIIIIIIInllllIIIIIIIIIIIIII Figure A-2. IOPLD2 Equations Contd Figure A-2. IOPLD2 Equations Contd Iowr Figure A-3. RESET/CLOCK PLD Equations Figure A-3. RESET/CLOCK PLDEquations Contd Figure A-3. RESET/CLOCK PLD Equations Contd Dram PLD Descriptions Page Dram PLDs Appendix B Dram PLD Descriptions IUIIIIII11111111111111 DRAMP1 PLD Equations Contd Figure B-2. DRAMP1 PLD Equations Contd Figure B·2. DRAMP1 PLD Equations Contd DRAMP1 PLD Equations Contd DRAMP2 PLD Equations Figure B·3. DRAMP2 PLD Equations Contd Infel In+-I Figure B-3. DRAMP2 PLD Equations Contd Refresh Address Counter PLD Pin Description Refresh Address Counter PLD Refresh Address Counter PLD Equations In+-I RAS Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page ~~~~e~~orp. Center Domestic Sales Offices MTI Systems Sales Domestic Distributors DOMESTIC, Distributors Contd Domestic Distributors Contd European Sales Offices International DISTRIBUTORS/REPRESENTATIVES International Sales Offices Domestic Service Offices Customer Training CentersSystems Engineering Offices

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